1,720,957 research outputs found
A comparative study of South African and Nigerian legislation relating to control of gas emission
Get PDFA dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor Legum (LLD) in the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Administration in the Department of Law at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013This research investigates the environmental legislation of South Africa and Nigeria as tools for control of gas emission within the context of the universal morality of environmental protection. The study highlights the other side of industrial activities - the devastating effect on health, community and the natural environment of the release of noxious gases from oil production activities. The gas emission situation in South Durban- South Africa and Niger Delta, Nigeria provide a common basis for the study. The study examined relevant legislation for control of gas emissions in the two countries. This involves identification and review of International and regional agreements, soft laws, constitutions and domestic legislation considered applicable to control of gas emission and air quality management in the two countries. The over reliance of the two countries on production of primary energy sources like coal and petrol chemicals and other fossils is revealed among others as major sources of gas emission in the two countries. Theoretically, there exist frameworks for emission control in the two countries. While both countries are signatories to relevant treaties and conventions on environment and emission control, there are fundamental differences in the nature and approach of the two countries to gas emission control and environmental law making in general. Environmental protection in South Africa is rooted in the universally acclaimed principle of sustainable development. The Constitution of South Africa not only provide for environmental rights but gives clear mandates to the parliament to legislate towards pollution prevention, conservation promotion and sustainable development. These principles underlie the South African emission control. On the other hand, the absence of a constitutional provision on sustainable development and right to environment in the Nigerian constitution limits emission control to the application of sector based legislation, in this case, oil industry legislations. These statutes predate the 1999 constitution of the country and therefore lack the necessary constitutional impetus regarded as essential for effective emission and environmental control. While it may be too early to assess the performance of the South African framework which together with the international components consists of post 1996 legislation, the researcher found the South Africa framework clear, direct and ascertainable. In the case of Nigeria applicable statutes are mostly not direct and there is a deliberate exclusion of the application of the provisions of the new National Environmental Standard Enforcement Agency (NESRA) ACT which established a semi- independent environmental body to emission and environmental problems in the oil industry.
This development is a setback in emission control and environmental management in the country. At present, applicable oil industry statutes do not promote contemporary principles of environmental protection like sustainable development and environmental rights content. The Study found that despite available international and domestic frameworks, gas emission remains a major challenge in the two countries. Appropriate recommendations are made towards addressing the identified barricades. These include capacity building and a strong political will to drive the new regime in South Africa. In Nigeria, to make legislation a veritable tool for emission control demands urgent law review among other measures.Education Trust Fun
Corporate Activities, Gas Emission and Quest for Environmental Justice in South Africa and Nigeria
Get PDFThe presence of petro chemical industries and activities in Niger Delta in Nigeria and South Durban in South Africa has subjected the two locations in Africa to massive and unmitigated dangerous gas emissions. The paper is a discussion of the environmental impact of these activities and the struggles of the people in the location for environmental justice. The existing legal frameworks for control of emission in the two countries are examined comparatively. The paper identified different challenges to attainment of environmental justice in the two regions and made a case for remedies to address the challenges. Keywords: Corporate activities, Oil and gas production, Gas Emission, Environmental Justice
Re-inventing environmental governance towards effective emission control in South Africa and Nigeria
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ELECTORAL INTEGRITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA: UNPACKING THE TENSIONS BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS, ELECTORAL POLITICS, AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
No full textHuman rights violence during armed conflict is no longer a novel incidence in Africa. It has become an evil consequence of any armed conflict though more pronounced in Africa. Violation of human rights during election process is however what appears indignant and abnormal for any democratic regime that is emerging. Every election year in African nations records casualties of human rights violations before, during and after electoral process. What is responsible for this ill in Africa and what implication does violation of rights in election process portend for African nations? Relying on findings made from pragmatic researches done by way of doctrinal and quantitative analysis, this paper addresses the situation of violence recorded about human rights during election period, discuss the multiplier effects it has on any growing democracy in Africa and provides useful recommendations. It further examines the role of some of the entities whose activities results in violation of the rights of the citizens during electoral process, its implication for a growing democracy. It concludes by providing a useful guide for a holistic law reform of the substantive law on crime as well as laws establishing the relevant law enforcement agencies in Afric
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGE AND SHAREHOLDER PROTECTION IN NIGERIA: A CONTEMPORARY OVERVIEW
Get PDFThe quest for a wholesome shareholder protection has given rise to the freneticrecourse to the institutionalization of regulatory frameworks, codes and rules of corporate practice in Nigeria in recent times. Drawing from over a decade long string of corporation failure, this paper undertakes an overview of the corporate governance challenges and draws a nexus between these and the spate of company failure in Nigeria. Overall, the finding is that the observance of corporate governance statutes, regulations and codes of best practice by companies in Nigeria has been inconsistent with the requirement of the companies and investment statutes; this coupled with a weak supervisory/regulatory regime. This paper recommends that all corporate governance laws and rules in operation in Nigeria be codified as a single instrument which would apply to all corporations
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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