111,924 research outputs found
Trends and prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary bacteria isolated in European emergency departments: the EuroUTI 2010-2016 Study
No full textObjectives: To assess recent trends in susceptibility to antibiotics among urinary isolates isolated in European
emergency departments (EDs) and to identify isolates with a high (90% or more) predicted probability of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included urine cultures obtained from adult patients between 2010
and 2016 in 24 European EDs. Temporal trends were assessed using time-series analysis and multivariate logistic
models. Multivariate logistic models were also used to predict susceptibility to fluoroquinolones or 3GCs from
patient age and sex, year, month and ED.
Results: We included 88242 isolates. Time-series analysis found a significant increase in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and no significant trend for susceptibility to 3GCs. Adjusting for patient age and sex, ED and organism,
multivariate models showed that susceptibility to 3GCs decreased from 2014 to 2016, while susceptibility to
fluoroquinolones increased in 2015 and 2016. Among isolates from 2016, multivariate models predicted
high probability of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in 11% of isolates (positive predictive value 91%) and a high
probability of susceptibility to 3GCs in 35% of isolates (positive predictive value 94%).
Conclusions: Susceptibility of ED urinary isolates to fluoroquinolones increased from 2014, while susceptibility
to 3GCs decreased from 2015. Predictive models identified isolates with a high probability of susceptibility to
fluoroquinolones or 3GCs. The ability of such models to guide the empirical treatment of pyelonephritis in the ED
remains to be determined
Clinical predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by duodenal aspirate culture
No full textBACKGROUND:
There has been increasing interest in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) after reports of a link with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet our understanding of this entity is limited.
AIM:
Our aim was to estimate the yield of patients undergoing duodenal aspirate culture, and to identify symptoms and features that predict SIBO.
METHODS:
A medical chart review of patients who had undergone duodenal aspirate culture at an academic medical centre in 2003 was performed to record clinical characteristics and culture results. The associations between aspirate results and symptoms, medical diagnoses and medication use were assessed using logistic regression.
RESULTS:
A total of 675 patients had available aspirate results. Mean age of the sample was 53 (s.d. 17) and 443 (66%) were female patients. Overall, 8% of aspirates were positive for SIBO; 2% of IBS patients had SIBO. Older age, steatorrhoea and narcotic use were associated with SIBO (P < 0.05). PPI use was not associated with SIBO, but was associated with bacterial growth not meeting criteria for SIBO (P < 0.05). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), small bowel diverticula and pancreatitis were positively associated with an abnormal duodenal aspirate (P < 0.05), but other conditions including IBS were not associated with SIBO.
CONCLUSION:
Older age, steatorrhoea, narcotic use, IBD, small bowel diverticula and pancreatitis were associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth based on abnormal duodenal aspirate culture results. However, no clear associations of true small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with IBS or PPI use were detected, in contrast to recent speculation
An information system to access contemporary archives of art: Cavalcaselle, Venturi, Ojetti, Argan, Brandi
No full textThe research project aims at the development of a digital library for handwritten documents of artistic and literary culture in XIX and XX centuries. The goal is to provide access to contemporary archives of documents related to well-known art historians: Giovan Battista Cavalcaselle, Adolfo Venturi, Ugo Ojetti, Giulio Carlo Argan and Cesare Brandi. All the sources, constituted by unedited and edited archival documents, are stored in a relational database mapped to an ontology. The system has been designed and implemented by Media Integration and Communication Center, Fondazione Memofonte, Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa, University of Florence and University of Udine
Appunti sul dibattito del ruolo delle arti decorative negli anni Venti in Italia: da Ojetti a Papini, da Conti a D’Annunzio, da Sarfatti a Ponti
No full textIl saggio indaga intorno al dibattito del ruolo delle arti decorative negli anni Venti in Italia: da Ojetti a Papini, da Conti a D’Annunzio, da Sarfatti a Pont
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and methane production in patients with myelomeningocele and constipation
No full textSTUDY DESIGN:
Prospective study.
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), methane (CH4) production and orocecal transit time (OCTT) in children affected by myelomeningocele.
SETTING:
This study was conducted at the Catholic University in Rome, Italy.
METHODS:
Eighteen (6M/12F; 16.4±7.6 years) children affected by myelomeningocele were enrolled. All subjects underwent H2/CH4 lactulose breath tests to assess SIBO and OCTT. All patients performed a visual analog scale to investigate abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence, and maintained a diary of the frequency and consistency of the stool during the previous 7 days. A nephro-urological clinical evaluation of the number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and neurogenic bowel disease score were also performed.
RESULTS:
Thirty-nine percent (7/18) of the children showed SIBO and 61% (11/18) presented a delayed OCTT. Moreover 44.4% (8/18) produced high levels of CH4. Interestingly, all myelomeningocele children who produced CH4 showed a delayed OCTT and a higher incidence of UTI, with a lower frequency of evacuation, compared with those with a normal or accelerated OCTT.
CONCLUSION:
The association between CH4 and constipation suggests that CH4 has an active role in the development of constipation. One of the most interesting features of our study is to identify a correlation between myelomeningocele, CH4, delayed OCTT and UTI. The intestinal decontamination with locally acting drugs in these children may reduce the number of UTIs and improve intestinal motility
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Randomized control trial on the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in reducing inflammatory markers in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
No full textIntroduction Recent guidelines suggest treating acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) without antibiotics. We tested the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in AUD. Primary outcome was the reduction of abdominal pain and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (C-RP) and calprotectin]. Secondary outcome was the reduction of hours of hospitalization. Patients and methods A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 119 patients with AUD. The probiotic group (61 patients) was treated with fluids, bowel rest and L. reuteri/b.i.d. for 10 days. The placebo group (58 patients) was treated with the same therapy and placebo/b.i.d. for 10 days. All patients completed a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain. Results Both groups showed a mean VAS score of 7 at enrolment and a reduction of 4 points after 3 days. C-RP value, after 72 h, decreased by 58.8% in the probiotic group and by only 40% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels, after 72 h, decreased by 17% in the probiotic group and by only 10.6% in the control group (P < 0.05). In the probiotic group, the hospitalization was done for 75.5 h compared to 83.5 in the placebo group. Conclusions The supplementation with L. reuteri 4659 together with bowel rest and fluids significantly reduced both blood and faecal inflammatory markers compared to the placebo group
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