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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sähkön reaaliaikamonitorointi koelaiteympäristössä
Get PDFEnergiamittaukset ja jatkuva tehonkulutuksen seuranta ovat olennainen osa energiatehokkuuden kehittämistä ja seurantaa. Reaaliaikaiset tehomittaukset mahdollistavat selvittämisen, milloin ja missä energiaa kuluu merkittävästi. Opinnäytetyö on kehittämistutkimus, jonka pääasiallisena kehityskohteena oli menetelmät reaaliaikaisen teho- ja energiankulutusmonitoroinnin suunnitteluun ja toteuttamiseen.
Tutkimuksen toimeksiantaja oli Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy, ja sen soveltavat ja empiiriset osiot kohdistuivat toimeksiantajan pilottiluokan kiertoleijukoelaitteistoon. Keskeisenä tavoitteena oli löytää ratkaisuja koelaiteympäristön hajautuneen sähkölaitteiston reaaliaikaisen monitoroinnin toteuttamisen haasteisiin. Ratkaisuja kehitettiin tutkimalla ja kokoamalla tietoa olemassa olevista lähteistä sekä laitteistoon kohdennettujen havainnointien ja mittausten pohjalta. Koska tavoitteena oli kehittää sekä yleistettäviä että kohdelaitteistoon sovellettavia toimintamalleja ja menetelmiä, muodostui tutkimusotteeksi yhdistelmä sekä teoreettisia kirjallisuusselvityksiä että paikallisia kohdetarkasteluja ja selvityksiä.
Kirjallisuusselvityksissä käsiteltiin mittaukselle ja monitoroinnille keskeisiä lakeja ja standardeja, energiatehokuutta, sähköisiä suureita ja sähkön laatua, näiden mittaustapoja ja mittareiden keskeisiä ominaisuuksia sekä niitä koskevia säädöksiä. Kokeellinen osuus sisälsi havainnointia koelaitteiston ympäristössä, aineistopohjaisia selvityksiä laitteiston kokoonpanosta ja toimilaitteiden ominaisuuksista, sekä alustavan mittausjakson tutkittavassa laitteistossa. Havainnoinneilla ja selvityksillä luotiin kattava kuva tutkittavasta laitteistosta ja selkeytettiin koelaitteiston erityisiä haasteita sähkön monitoroinnille.
Näiden haasteiden havainnollistamista varten laadittiin tutkittavaan laitteistoon perustuva esimerkkilaitteisto. Esimerkkilaitteistolle tehtiin sähkön monitoroinnin esisuunnittelua ja käsiteltiin tapoja ratkaista laitteiston haasteita suhteessa monitoroinnille asetettuihin tavoitteisiin. Sähkön monitoroinnin suunnittelulle keskeiseksi havaittiin mm. monitoroinnin tavoitteiden selkeys ja niiden suhteuttaminen laitteiston, standardien, lainsäädännön, budjetin tai aikataulujen rajoitteisiin suunnittelun edetessä. Kehitetyt toimintamallit sähkön monitoroinnin kehittämiseen ovat sovellettavissa myös muualla vastaavan skaalan koelaiteympäristöissä, teollisuudessa tai muissa monitoroinnista hyötyvissä ympäristöissä.Electrical power measurements and monitoring are an integral part of energy efficiency. Real time power measurements can tell us when and where electrical energy is used most. The thesis is a developmental study focusing on methods of developing and implementing real-time power and energy monitoring.
The study was commissioned by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and its applied and empirical parts focused on VTT’s pilot size circulated fluidized bed reactor and its electrical installations. The main objective was to develop solutions for specific challenges that affect the development of power monitoring in test environments. Solutions were based on existing literary sources as well as observations and measurements in the test environment. The objective was to develop methods that are applicable both to test environments in general as well as the CFBC environment in specific. Thus, a combination of theoretical literary reviews and localized observations and examinations was chosen as a research approach.
The literary reviews focused on laws and regulations concerning measurements and monitoring, energy efficiency, the units and quantities of electrical power and power quality, how they can be measured and monitored, as well as properties and regulations that concern such measurement devices. The experimental parts of the work included both primary observations as well as secondary source investigations of the configuration and the devices of the test environment in question, in addition to preliminary measurements therein. Based on these, a comprehensive account of the test environment as well as an understanding of the challenges it presents to monitoring were developed.
These challenges and the proposed solutions to them were illustrated by a simplified model of the test environment. Monitoring pre-planning was conducted on the model, as well as examinations on how the challenges of test environments can be reconciled with the objectives of power monitoring. Clarity in the objectives of power monitoring in respect of the limitations of the environment, devices and regulations, as well as the available time and money was seen as primary to the development of power monitoring. The methods and solutions developed here can also be applied to other test environments, small industry or other electrical installations of similar scale that benefit from power monitoring
Perceptual contents : a study on the nature of the contents of perceptual experience
No full textThe aim of the thesis is to examine various views that have been advocated in contemporary discussions concerning the content of perceptual experiences. The nature of the contents posited in those views is the focus of this study. In the views that are discussed here, perceptual contents have been argued to be either conceptual, externalist, nonconceptual or particular. In this thesis, John McDowell is presented as the proponent of conceptual content, Jeff Speaks as the proponent of externalist content, Christopher Peacocke as the proponent of abstract nonconceptual contents, and Tim Crane as the proponent of particular nonconceptual content. The revised view of John McDowell, as well as the view of Charles Travis, is also briefly presented.
The views are discussed with the emphasis on how they explain experiential aspects of our perceptual experiences, with somewhat less attention given to epistemological concerns. As a common method of analysis, the contents advocated by the views are analysed by applying classical philosophical distinctions. The contents are further analysed by examining what kind of perceptual relations they could be the contents of.
The analyses indicate that there are differing conceptions or understandings of content in play in the current discussion. These understandings can, however, be evaluated and compared in relation to what experiential aspects they can explain. Regarding such explanations, particular contents appear as perhaps the most promising alternative as the fundamental contents of perceptual experiences. The main problem with the view of particular content, as it is advocated by Tim Crane, is that it is too sparing in its descriptions of what kind of features figure in that content. Therefore, it is concluded that a genuinely descriptive account of particular psychological content is needed in the context of understanding the nature of perceptual experiences, and perhaps also in the context of understanding the nature of beliefs and mental concepts.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Havainto, ympäristö ja käsitteellisen ja ei-käsitteellisen rajapinnat havainnossa
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Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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