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Induced Abortion -- a Global Health Problem
No full textEvery year around 500,000 women are estimated to die from
pregnancy-related causes, the majority in the developing world and many as a
consequence of unsafe abortion. Around 25 per cent of maternal deaths in Asia
and 30-50 per cent of maternal deaths in Africa and Latin America occur as a
result of induced abortion. Data on abortion related maternal morbidity is
less reliable than mortality but suggests that for every maternal death 10-15
women suffer significant pregnancy-related morbidity, i.e. infertility,
genito-urinary problems and/or chronic pain. Induced abortion occurs in
practically every society in the world but only 40 per cent of the women in
the world live in countries where abortion is legally free. A permissive
legislation is an important prerequisite for medically safe and early
abortion. Oppositely, with a restrictive law, abortion is difficult to
obtain, costly and possibly unsafe, in particular to the least affluent women
in the society. Induced abortion in a developed country with legal and easy
access to services is a safe procedure with hardly any mortality and very low
morbidity. The best strategy to reduce the number of unsafe abortions is
prevention of unwanted pregnancy. The consequences of unsafe abortion on
women's health need to be acknowledged by everybody in the society in order to
improve abortion care. It is necessary to adjust legal and other barriers to
medically safe abortion in order to follow the declaration at the UN
conference on population in Cairo, 1994, which stated that abortion, wherever
legal, should be safe. It is also necessary to introduce preventive measures
where abortions are performed, i.e. good and easily accessible family planning
services
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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