67,595 research outputs found
International Comparison of Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy
No full textThe introduction of the ODA Charter in 1992 can be seen as Japan’s official pledge to pay more attention to political conditions in recipient countries and to impose political conditionalities on them. However, in practice, the Japanese government has continued using foreign aid as a diplomatic tool to pursue own economic interests. In this paper, in order to determine the quality of Japanese foreign aid, Japan’s ODA will be compared with the foreign aid of other countries. In term of quantity, the amount of Japan’s ODA is impressive. In 1989, Japan topped the US as the biggest donor of foreign aid among all aid donor countries. Despite the impressive quantity of Japanese foreign aid, the ratio of Japan’s ODA to GNP in 1999 was 0.27 percent, which was lower than the average ODA ratio to GNP among DAC members (0.39 percent). Denmark was the country with the highest ratio (1.06 percent) followed by the Netherlands (0.82 percent). In term of geographical distribution, a prominent characteristic of Japan’s ODA is that Asia, especially East Asian countries, receives the biggest share of Japanese aid. Far East Asia received 54.5 percent of this amount, and South and Centra Asia received 19.2 percent. African countries in South of the Sahara were left far behind receiving only 9.5 percent of total Japanese bilateral aid, while the African countries in North of the Sahara received only 2.1 percent. Furthermore, Grant Share (GS) of Japan’s ODA was 39.6 percent, while the DAC’s average rate of GS that year was 77.8 percent. Among DAC members, the Scandinavian countries, Australia and New Zealand had a very high GS, almost 100 percent. Germany’s and France’s GS were nearly 80 percent. These figures show that Japan’s GS has been one of the lowest among DAC members. Also, Japan’s untied aid ratio became one of the highest of the DACForeign aid: Japan: quality of aid
ODA and the Internationalization of the Japan Public Finance (Special Issue Dedicated to Professor KUMAGAI Jiro)
No full textThe economic globalization made to expand the economy of developing country. With it, serious poverty problem and environmental problem occurred. Therefore the ODA would increase more. The increase of the ODA expanded the cross border public finance transfer. The internationalization of the public finance of the advanced nation developed in the reason. Definition, object and modification of the internationalization of the public finance are almost constant. The internationalization of the public finance is a supply of international public goods. And, it is maintenance cost of the world system postwar period. After 1970's, present world system changed, the internationalization of the public finance of the major power developed. The internationalization of the Japan public finance became also serious. In addition, the first point is that viewpoints necessary for such the internationalization of public finance are expansion and restructuring of the concept with the conclusion of the cold war. The second point is to arrange worldwide macro fact and micro fact of the one country about the internationalization of the public finance. The third point is to historically and systematically consider international public goods. The fourth point is to examine the internationalization of the Japan public finance including the region of the public credit. Then, the main region of the internationalization of this public finance is the foreign aid. Historically, it was considered that the foreign aid by 1960's was the starting point and promotion factor of the internationalization of the public finance. It seemed to be a means of the export of the state capital the foreign aid in 70's. And, the autonomy of the public finance was emphasized on the foreign aid. It seemed to come to be a means of the international public finance adjustment the aid to the developing country in 80's. Then, the central theme after 90's is the international income redistribution by the ODA. This ODA has been defined in DAC. Simultaneously, at first the ODA is a comprehensive concept of the loan aid in actual condition. To the second, the ODA is a part of the government loan. To the third, the ODA is a supply of the foreign currency to the developing country, and it is a supply of welfare source of revenue. Simultaneously, the ODA holds the peculiar difficulty. This difficulty is amplified by the ODA loan. And, this loan does have the important significance for characteristics of the ODA of Japan and internationalization of the Japan public finance.11KJ00004869448論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Bottom-up approach to silicon nanoelectronics
No full text103-108Silicon, nanoelectronics, nanodotsThis paper presents a brief review of our recent work investigating a novel bottom-up approach to realize silicon based nanoelectronics. We discuss fabrication technique, electronic properties and device applications of silicon nanodots as a building block for nanoscale silicon devices
njrhodes/ODA: ODA_1.1.0-2020-10-05-v2
No full textFirst public release of ODA package for R (Windows only). This package serves as an interface for the MegaODA software suite.
To install directly from GitHub, make sure to have devtools installed and use the following R script:
library(devtools)
install_github("njrhodes/ODA",ref='main')
Alternatively, the tarball for this package can be downloaded here.
To fully utilize this package, the user must obtain a licensed copy of the MegaODA software here: https://odajournal.com/purchase/
Once MegaODA is purchased and ODA for R is installed, create the following directory within the local R installation ~/ODA/win32/bin and copy/paste MegaODA.exe within this directory.
Additional resources vignettes and user guides are provided by typing "ODAmanual()" within R.
For more resources and readings please visit the ODA Journal website: https://odajournal.com/
Updated -v2 to included html rendered vignettes and updated README.Rmd file
Objectives and Institutions for Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA): Evolution and Challenges
No full textThe history of Japan’s official development assistance can be divided into four distinct periods in which objectives have diversified and institutional arrangements have evolved. However, these objectives ranging, from Japan’s own economic development, poverty reduction, the promotion of democracy and a market economy, to the solution of global issues such as environmental degeneration, have remained juxtaposed without being prioritized on the basis of a national philosophy of international cooperation. The diversity of the ODA goals has been perpetuated by the lack of a unified entity that manages ODA. At the same time, such diversity without clearly defined priorities has reinforced poor coordination among ministries and agencies involved in ODA. In recent years, the international trend of development assistance has shifted from a strong emphasis on poverty reduction and input-oriented “aid effectiveness” to a greater attention to economic growth and output-oriented “development effectiveness.” This tendency fits the traditional approach of Japan. However, in order to lead the changing world of international assistance, the Japanese government will need to clarify its assistance philosophy, using the concept of human security to prioritize poverty reduction and the three interfaces between poverty reduction and private-sector activity—capacity development, governance reform, and infrastructure development. It will also need to establish an ODA control center under a national-strategy deliberation council independent of any ministries or agencies.research repor
Flowing Together or Flowing Apart: An Analysis of the Relation between FDI and ODA Flows to Argentina and Brazil
No full textThe analysis of the relationship between ODA and capital flows is scarce and has provided cross-country ambiguous results. The purpose of our study is to explore the relation between FDI and ODA for Argentina and Brazil. We have divided the analysis into the macro and the micro approach. From the macro perspective, we analyze the volatility and cyclical aspects of both flows. We also study if they buffer GDP’s shocks. We find that aid is more stable than FDI… At micro level, we look for structural relations by analyzing sectorial destination of both flows. We find that the main foreign direct investors are also the main donors but no systematic relation emerge between FDI and ODA flows, except for the Japanese case in Brazil.Foreign Direct Investment; Official Development Assistance; International Capital Flows; Emerging Economies Financing
Observation of strongly-coupled multiple-dot characteristics in the dual recess structured silicon channel with different oxidation conditions
No full textOda Skaathun
No full textAvgangsarbeid av Oda Skaathun, BA billedkunst. Essay og fotografier av kunstverk i avgangsutstilling. Fotograf: Øystein Thorvaldsen
Guía de Gestión del repositorio de Objetos Digitales OdA
No full textEsta guía detalla los distintos menús y acciones para crear y gestionar una colección de Objetos Digitales en el contenedor OdA (en adelante OdA). El contenedor OdA 2.0 permite crear un sitio web para almacenar, gestionar y publicar colecciones de Objetos Digitales. Entre las aplicaciones creadas con OdA destacan los Repositorios de Objetos de Aprendizaje y los Museos Virtuales Académicos.The OdA 2.0 application allows creating a website and associated repository to store, manage and publish collections of Digital Objects (henceforth DO). Examples of websites created using OdA include Learning Object (LO) repositories and Academic Virtual Museums. This document describes the menus and actions needed to create and manage a DOs’ collection using the OdA application.Fac. de FilologíaFALSEunpu
Study of single-charge polarization on a pair of charge qubits integrated onto silicon double single-electron transistor readout
No full text- …
