130,548 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Experimental study of a high-tolerance piston-cylinder pair in the alpha Ross-yoke Stirling refrigerator
No full textOptimal design of the sealing mechanism in the piston-cylinder pair of Stirling refrigerators is beneficial in terms of system's cost, reliability, efficiency and cooling capacity; yet this is often overlooked in the literature. We report on our experimental study of a high-tolerance lubricated piston-cylinder pair with cast iron-steel materials as an integral part of the Ross-yoke alpha-type Stirling refrigerator. We measured: the gas leakage rate through the sealing gap; the friction force in the piston-cylinder pair; and the refrigerator temperature during operation. Our results show that owing to careful design, the loss of the ideal cooling capacity due to gas leakages amounted to 2.2%, and that the friction loss to the ideal cycle power input was 8.1%. We also discuss which type of lubricants demonstrates a higher resistance to operational loading and what engineering problems must be solved for reliable operation of the sealing mechanism
Aortic stiffness and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes
No full textOBJECTIVE: Damage to large arteries is a major contributor to high cardiovascular morbi-mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), depending on both structural and functional characteristics of the arterial wall, has poorly been ascertained in its ability to be a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. In order to determine the factors influencing aortic stiffness, and the potential predictor role of this measurement, a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 618 type 2 diabetic patients with or without cardiovascular events was conducted. METHODS: Aortic PWV (estimated by carotid-femoral PWV measurement) was determined using an automatic device and cardiovascular risk was determined, using Framingham equation (10-year absolute cardiovascular disease risk), in individuals without previous cardiovascular events. Multilinear regression analysis was performed to assess relationships between aortic PWV, population characteristics and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Multivariate models (with and without PWV) were compared to determine whether aortic PWV improves explicative model of presence of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Increased aortic PWV was strongly associated with presence of coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases. Increased aortic PWV was independently associated with previous cardiovascular events and improved the explicative model of presence of cardiovascular disease above the known cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that aortic PWV is a forceful independent marker of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, as it has already been demonstrated in hypertensive individuals. Prospective trials are needed to assess the improvement in cardiovascular risk prediction for widespread use of aortic PWV in diabetic patients. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Determination of Tl-(I) and Tl-(III) by IC-ICP-MS and application to Tl speciation analysis in the Tl hyperaccumulator plant Iberis intermedia
No full textCopyright © 2004 Royal Society of ChemistrySpeciation of thallium was investigated in a Tl hyperaccumulator plant, Iberis intermedia, by ion chromatography (IC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with on-line ICP-MS detection. The leaves, stems and roots of the plant were extracted with a buffer solution (pH 6.2) containing DTPA and ammonium acetate. DTPA was used to complex unstable Tl(III) to form the stable Tl(III)–DTPA anionic complex. The two species, Tl(I) and Tl(III)–DTPA, were separated by using two separation mechanisms, anion exchange chromatography and SEC, with 100 mmol L–1 ammonium acetate (pH 6.2) as eluant. The anion exchange chromatograms indicated that the chemical form of Tl present in extracts of both fresh and freeze-dried samples of the roots, stems and leaves is predominantly Tl(I), and this was confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography and electrospray mass spectromety.Annette Nolan, Dirk Schaumlöffel, Enzo Lombi, Laurent Ouerdane, Ryszard Lobinski and Mike McLaughli
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