18 research outputs found
The Role of Urban Density and Morphology in the Air Pollution of Tehran Metropolitan
No full textPourmohammadi, M.R. and Gharbani, R. (2003) "Paradigm Dimensions and Strategies for Density of Urban Spaces". Quarterly Journal of Humanities, Vol., No. 29, pp. 85- 107.
Kazemi, M and Mohammadi, M. (2001), "Sustainable Urban Development, Concepts and Perspectives", Quarterly Journal of Geographic Research, No. 62
Tabibian, M. (1999). "Determination of Sustainability Indicators and their Representation in the Environment". Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 25, No. 24, pp. 12-12.
Azizi, M.M. (2009). The role and place of building density in urban development, Proceedings of the first construction seminar in the capital
Azizi, M.M. (2004). Density in Urban Planning Second Edition, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Gholizadeh, M.H. and Farajzadeh, M., and Mohammadi, M. (2009), Relationship between air pollution and mortality in the population of Tehran, Hakim Research Journal, Summer 88, Volume 12, Number 2, pp. 65-71.
Mashhadi, S. (2010). Population density and construction in Shohreh., Tehran: Masinaei Publishing.
Farshinehnezhad, M.R. (2004), "Introduction to Environmental Issues," Adineh Publication.
Rafipour, M. (2000), "Final Report on Formation of a Basic Information Item for the Study of Air Pollution in Cities", Research Center for Meteorology and Geosciences.
Hall, P. and Fifer, O. (2009). 21st century urban future. Safai, Venus Tehran: Iranian Consulting Engineers Society.
Kermani, M. (2003) "Investigation of TSP and 10 PM values and composition of their constituent materials in the air of Tehran Shariati Hospital", Master's Degree in Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Tory, P.N. (1996). Urban Consolidation and the family, in the Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Formss, London:E and Fn Spon, and Imprint of Chapman and Hall.
Burton, E. (2000). the potential of the compact city for promoting social equity Achieving sustainable urban form: Spon press.
Dimitriou A, Christidou V. Pupils' understanding of air pollution. Journal of Biological Education. 2007 Winter; 42(1):24-29.
 
Author Correction: Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world’s fastest-flowing groundwater
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Angiopoietin-like 4 enhances the proliferation and migration of tendon fibroblasts
No full textPurpose: Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is known to play a variety of roles in the response to exercise, and more recently has been shown to enhance the healing of tendon, a fibrous load-bearing tissue required for efficient movement. The objective of the current study was to further explore the mechanisms of ANGPTL4's effect on tendon cells using a gene array approach.
Methods: Human tendon fibroblasts were treated with recANGPTL4 and their global transcriptome response analyzed after 4 and 24 h. We also conducted functional studies using tendon fibroblasts derived from human subjects, cultured in the presence or absence of applied cyclic stretch and/or siRNA for ANGPTL4, and as confirmation we also used tendon cells from wild type (ANGPTL4 +/+) or knockout (ANGPTL4-/-) mice.
Results: The leading functions of ANGPTL4 predicted by the resulting pathway analysis were cell movement and proliferation. The experiments demonstrated that ANGPTL4 significantly enhanced tendon cell proliferation and the cell cycle progression, as well as adhesion and migration.
Conclusion: Taken together, these findings provide novel molecular insights into the effect of ANGPTL4, a multifunctional protein that regulates the physiological response to exercise, on fundamental tendon cell functions.Peer reviewedfinal article publishedCell cycleTenocytesANGPTL4Microarra
Influence of repetitive mechanical loading on MMP2 activity in tendon fibroblasts
No full textMatrix metalloproteinase2 has been implicated in tendon pathology caused by repetitive movements. However, its activity in the early stages of the tendon's response to overuse, and its presence in the circulation as a possible indicator of tendon degradation, remain unknown. Human tendon cells were repetitively stretched for 5 days, and the rabbit Achilles tendon complex underwent repetitive motion 3× per week for 2 weeks. Quantitative polymer chain reaction analysis was performed to detect matrix metalloproteinase2/14 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase2 messenger ribonucleic acid of cells and rabbit tissue, and matrix metalloproteinase2 protein levels were determined with an enzyme linked immunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinase2 activity was examined using zymography of the conditioned media, tendon and serum. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize matrix metalloproteinase2 in tendon tissue, and the density of fibrillar collagen in tendons was examined using second harmonic generation microscopy. Tendon cells stretched with high strain or high frequency demonstrated increased matrix metalloproteinase2 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels. Matrix metalloproteinase2 activity was increased in the rabbit Achilles tendon tissue at weeks 1 and 2; however, serum activity was only increased at week 1. After 2 weeks of exercise, the collagen density was lower in specific regions of the exercised rabbit Achilles tendon complex. Matrix metalloproteinase2 expression in exercised rabbit Achilles tendons was detected surrounding tendon fibroblasts. Repetitive mechanical stimulation of tendon cells results in a small increase in matrix metalloproteinase2 levels, but it appears unlikely that serum matrix metalloproteinase2 will be a useful indicator of tendon overuse injury.Peer reviewedfinal article publishedoverusematrix metalloproteinasemechanical stimulationtendo
Direct Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Particles Suspended in a Newtonian Fluid Exhibiting Finite Inertia Under SAOS
No full textThe corresponding author wishes to express his sincerest thanks to the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for supporting this work under Contract Number 92021291.Peer reviewe
Untersuchungen über Bionomie, Präimaginalstadien und Verbreitung der europäischen Sorhagenia-Arten (Lepidoptera: Walshiidae).
No full textDie Bionomien der europäischen Arten der Gattung Sorhagenia werden beschrieben. Die Raupe von Sorhagenia lophyrella Douglas lebt einzeln zwischen zusammengesponnenen Blättern von Rhamnus cathartica und Rhamnus saxatilis, die von Sorhagenia rhamniella Zeller gesellig zwischen zusammengesponnenen Blüten von Rhamnus cathartica, jene von Sorphagenia janiszewskae Ridl miniert in den disjährigen Trieben von Rhamnus frangula seltener in anderen Rhamnus-Arten. Sorphagenia lophyrella und Sorhagenia rhamniella überwintern als Ei, Sorhagenia janiszewskae vermutlich als Imago in beiden Geschlechtern. Nach dem Material aus Museen und Privatsammlungen sowie aus eigenen Aufsammlungen wird ein Überblick über die Verbreitung der Arten gegeben. Raupe und Puppe werden beschrieben und abgebildet, Unterscheidungsmerkmale der Raupen angegeben.The bionomics of the european species of the genus Sorhagenia are described. The caterpillar of Sorhagenia lophyrella Douglas lives singly between spun leaves of Rhamnus cathartica and Rhamnus saxatilis, that of Sorhagenia rhamniella Zeller lives sociably between spun blossoms of Rhamnus cathartica, that of Sorphagenia janiszewskae Ridl mines in this years shoots of Rhamnus frangula and more rarely in other species of Rhamnus. Sorphagenia lophyrella and Sorhagenia rhamniella hibernate as eggs, Sorhagenia janiszewskae probably as imago in both sexes. On the basis of material from museums and private collections and from the author\u27s collections a survey is given of the distribution of the species. Caterpillar and pupa are described and illustrated, and distinctive characteristics of the caterpillars are mentioned
A Comparative Study of the Grotesque Components in the Two works of Jean Teulé's Suicide Shop and Houshang Golshiri's Prince Ehtjab
No full textHumor can be classified into two areas: sweet humor and black humor (grotesque). Grotesque deals with the bitter, Introduction black satire from literary, philosophical, or historical points of view. Black satire appears in the work of poets or writers in whose thoughts elements of commitment and responsibility permeate, on the grounds that real black satire cannot be realized without writers positioning themselves critically towards things, and as we know, criticism itself is a manifestation of commitment. In committed and meaning-oriented contemporary literature, satire is more moral, therefore it is less close to humor, black comedy, and lampoon, and rarely mixes with them. Therefore, the field of satirist's involvement includes intellectual, religious, political, social, moral, literary and even economic issues. In this research, the grotesque elements in two works, Prince Ehtjab by Houshang Golshiri and Shop of Suicide by the French writer Jean Teulé, are examined and compared. Methodology The current research was formed in order to add to the existing theoretical knowledge in the field of contemporary Iranian grotesque literature, and its immediate application is not considered. Hence, it is considered "theoretical" in terms of purpose. It is also descriptive-analytical for the implementation and promotion method. Columbia encyclopedia considers grotesque as equivalent to black humor and writes in the definition of black humor: "Black humor, in literature, theater and film, grotesque and morbid humor is used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox and cruelty of the modern world. goes. Ordinary characters and situations are often exaggerated with irony far beyond the limits of natural humor. Black humor mostly uses things associated with tragedy and hurts the audience. In the field of understanding grotesque in Persian literature, in many cases grotesque is assumed to be exactly equal to black humor. Discussion Grotesque components in Prince Ihtjab and Suicide ShopSwearing and CursingThis abuse and uttering profanity is caused by an inner anger and the author tries to vent his anger by using abusive expressions and terms.Terribly FunnyMaybe we can say that the laughter that comes after seeing the work of grotesque and black humor; is a nervous and confused one. A laugh that is more scary than funny. In other words, fun and fear are mixed together. Of course, this combination often leads to the awakening of the audience. In "The Prince Ihtjab", horrible descriptions lead to terrifying atmospheres. In The Suicide Shop, this component is reflected in the same amount but with a different quality. The difference of the "laughable horror" component in Jean Teulé's work compared to Prince Ehtjab is its fantasy. The expressions used in The Suicide Shop, although they are scary, in the end, they do not lead to the formation of a scary atmosphere.AbnormalityOne of the funny factors, as well as creating terror and disgust at the same time, is the element of abnormality. It has been seen a lot in mixing laughter and laughter against abnormal things. It can be said that simultaneous and mixed attraction and repulsion is the product of something abnormal. The main character of the story, who seems to suffer from the disease of sadism, harasses Fakhri, who is also a masochist. The anomalous component in The Suicide Shop also existed in a serious way and has a unique quality. ExaggerationAnother element that defines grotesque and black humor is exaggeration which is crossing the limit of balance and going to extremes. Perhaps this means that the imagination in the grotesque is too free to indulge in anything, even immoral matters, to the point of distorting everything at will. In "Prince Ehtjab", the component of exaggeration does not exist. Although some of the descriptions seem unbelievable, this incredibility is there more due to the space than the magnification of an element. However, The Suicide Shop is full of exaggerations and hyperboles.The DifferencesSuicide Shop and Apocalyptic SpaceThe novel Suicide Shop uses the element of the apocalyptic atmosphere, in which severe climate changes have made everyone depressed and sad. The atmosphere of depression is evident in the story. The author skillfully included three historical figures in the story. The Twach family have named their children after three famous suicides - patriarch Mishima Twach is set to evoke Yukio Mishima, while their eldest son Vincent Twach is named after Vincent Van Gogh and their daughter Marilyn Twach brings Marilyn Monroe to mind. But in the story of Prince Ehtjab, this apocalyptic atmosphere does not exist. And the story is told retrospectively.Discourses of Power in Prince EhtijabIn Prince Ehtjab, Golshiri includes power discourses throughout his story. This political dimension of Golshiri's story should be understood according to the discourses of his time. Golshiri, influenced by the intellectual discourse of his era, in this novel, by representing and explaining and describing the power and violence that led to the destruction of the Qajar dynasty, has made a synonymization and assimilation between his novel and the social and political requirements of the Pahlavi rule. Prince Ehtjab is the last person and an infertile man from the dynasty of Qajar princes. Therefore, he is the last link in the chain of transformation of forms of exercising power. The first link of this chain and the agent of total authoritarian power is the Great ancestor or Jad Kabir. He is the embodiment of undisputed power. He is tyrranical ruler, a despot who has complete control over people's lives, wealth, and honor. He knows power well and has knowledge and access to the tools and methods of maintaining it. His life is summarized in two areas: murder and acts of force, lust and sexual entertainment: "every day you should kill only one or two" (Golshiri, 1368: 50).Flashback is the main feature of Prince Ehtjab Prince Ehtjab is expressed in the way of the fluid flow of the mind and therefore lacks temporal and spatial coherence. This method and technique of going to the past and reviewing the actions, speech and thoughts of the characters makes the past dynamic and brings it live in front of the reader, and the reader feels a connection with the past because of this. While in Suicide Shop, this element is not used because the purpose is to present depression and the imediacy of depression. ConclusionGrotesque is a characteristic of the effect of absurdity in modern fiction. This type of humor has components in fiction. Harassment and cursing, being laughable and terrifying, exaggeration, abnormality, and "disbelief in the best system of creation" are among the components of grotesque that have been investigated in this research. The results of the present research show that in "Suicide Shop", the Hataki component is much less visible than Golshiri's effect. Also, the obscenities in this work, unlike Prince Ehtijab, are completely non-profane. In The Suicide Shop, the component of funny horror is reflected to the same extent as in Prince Ihtjab, but with a different quality. The difference of the "laughable horror" component in The Suicide Shop compared to Prince Ihtjab is in its fantasy. In Prince Ihtjab, the component of exaggeration is not evident. But The Suicide Shop is full of exaggerations and overstatements. Also, in Prince Ihtjab, the component of "disbelief in the best creation system" is not reflected, while, The Suicide Shop was formed based on the idea of protest against the universe and a negative view of human life
Corresponding Author Kinetic analysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis process
No full textABSTRACT In order to use sugarcane bagasse as a substrate for citric acid production, a study on a comprehensive experimental model was carried out on the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse as a low value by-product of sugar industry. This was aimed at optimizing the fermentable sugar yield. Hydrolysis of the fermentable fraction of sugarcane bagasse by sulfuric acid was performed in a semi-pilot (25L) reactor under different conditions of temperature, time and acid concentration. After each hydrolysis experiment, the residual lignocellulosic material and the sugar containing liquor were investigated using gravimetric analysis and high performance liquid chromatography. The results of analysis indicated that the fermentable liquor composition is a clear function of reaction conditions. Results confirmed that simple kinetic model as used in this investigation demonstrated a close correlation between the model output and the experimental results
Cyber Diplomacy Influence on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace (Case Study: USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage)
No full textThe subject of this article is “U.S Cyber Diplomacy Influence on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace(Case Study: USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage)”. Nowadays, using Internet and social networks to advance foreign policy goals and national interests, has become one of the most important issues. From 40’s and during World War II, U.S government tried to implement various cultural programs, stuent exchange programs, and use publications, the media and movies to convince residents of different countries about its foreign policy goals, and it became known as public diplomacy. Considering Iran’s high stance in U.S foreign policy, United States Department of State implemented various cyber diplomacy projects to influence Iranians public opinion that include launching USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage. In this thesis, the Author tried to answer one key question concerning this important strategy within US foreign policy system: What is the Influence of USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage, as a tool of U.S Cyber Diplomacy, on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace? For this purpose, qualitative content analysis of USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage and sending questionnaires to its users and other Iranian users of Internet has been used. The hypothesis is that, comparing to Iranian Internet users who do not read USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage content, the USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage users are more influenced by cyber diplomacy content and messages and this leads to negative attitude towards Iranian society
