2,213 research outputs found
Airway microbiome and host inflammatory response in bronchiectasis
No full textNon-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (hereby referred to as bronchiectasis) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by irreversible dilation of bronchi in the context of chronic syndrome mainly represented by daily cough, sputum production and frequent pulmonary exacerbations. Bronchiectasis pathophysiology is recognised in the development of a vicious circle of infection, inflammation, mucous clearance and pulmonary damage. Although microbial community and inflammation have a very important role in respiratory diseases, few is known in bronchiectasis. The aim of this PhD project was to evaluate sputum microbiome and its interaction with the local host inflammatory response in adults with bronchiectasis during their stable state. Several studies were conducted to explore this research question.
In the second chapter, we report the methodological selection of techniques for both microbiome and active neutrophil elastase (aNE) analysis in sputum.
The third chapter is divided into three different sections. In the first, we identified two groups of adult bronchiectasis patients with different microbiome diversity levels. The low microbiome diversity group was found to be enriched in Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Multivariate analysis identified FEV1%predict.<50, radiology and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) to be independently associated with low microbiome diversity.
The following section represents a preliminary study focused on bronchiectasis aetiologies, more specifically PCD and immunodeficiency. The study concerning PCD did not identify a clear association between aetiology, microbiome and inflammation comparing a group of matched PCD with idiopathic or post infective bronchiectasis, although, a trend could be observed.Subsequently, immunodeficiency was comparedto idiopathic bronchiectasis. These two groupsidentified, primary immunodeficiency and idiopathic differed in terms of alpha diversity and quantification of H. influenzae which was higher in the immunodeficiency group.
Chapter fourfocuses on neutrophilic inflammation looking at the association of aNE in bronchiectasis with microbiome analysis. We found evidences of low microbiome diversity and P. aeruginosa identification in patients with high levels of aNE.
The following study focused on active Cathepsin G (Cat-G) which is a putative biomarker for bronchiectasis. Cat-G was associated with disease severity, radiological severity, quality of life and chronic infection. It was also associated with low microbiome diversity and P. aeruginosa molecular detection. Finally, Cat-G and aNE resulted to be similar in predicting bronchiectasis severity (bronchiectasis severity index -BSI), severe exacerbation and chronic infection in bronchiectasis patients during stable state.
Finally, in chapter five, we analyse microbiome and inflammation among adult bronchiectasis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection. Association network analysis identified differences in terms of number of interactions of Pseudomonas with other genera and interactions between cytokines and microbial effectors in patients with different exacerbations/year.
We hope that this thesis may be a step forward in better understanding the role of both microbiome and inflammation in bronchiectasis that may lead to unravelling of endotypes and the identification of therapeutic targets. This will finally result in advances in a precise medicine approach for bronchiectasis patients
Martina Drijverová and her literary works for children (author´s portrait)
No full textThis thesis Martina Drijverova and her literatur for children (the author´s portrait) is engaged in work of writer and screenwriter Martina Drijeverová. She is an excellent writer of literature for children. In the first part of this work her story writing is mentioned and the second part deals with her fairy-tale writing. The other author´s work written for children is in the third part. The conclusion of this thesis appreciates the author´s credit in literature for chidlren. Analysis of some books are available. The supplementary part is composed of autor´s biography and her photograph, some book covers, list of the autor´s work {--} televiews, radio plays and serials, audio tapes and CDs, stage plays, books written in Braille
HERStory Makers 2022: Martina Čagalj
No full textMartina Čagalj is a PhD candidate at the University of Split studying seaweeds as a potential source of bioactive compounds. She took part in HERStory Makers 2022.What is HERStory Makers?HERStory Makers is a social media competition for female-identifying early career researchers to share their research, their career journeys, and to inspire the next generation. Winners are selected by public vote. HERStory Makers is also part of EXPLORATHON, Scotland's contribution to European Researchers' Night.In 2022-23, EXPLORATHON was supported by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/X020894/1].Author contributions to contentMartina Čagalj conceived, planned, and recorded the video content. Kirsty Ross edited the video content to insert HERStory Maker credits, add subtitles, and maintain video length below Twitter/X limit of 2 mins and 20 secs, prior to scheduling the social media posts.</p
The role of data science in software development
No full textauthor: Martina WeberMasterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 201
The role of data science in software development
No full textauthor: Martina WeberMasterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 201
The role of data science in software development
No full textauthor: Martina WeberMasterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 201
Man kann nicht nicht vergleichen. Sprachvergleich und Sprachreflexion in einer integrierten Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik mit Englisch als Brückensprache
No full textPlurilinguism and plurilingual didactics have gained an important position in scientific discussion, even though interlingual and integrated approaches to teaching practice are still lacking. After a short description of various approaches, all based on language comparison and metalingual reflection, the author suggests adopting English as a bridge-language in plurilingual didactics, independent of the language family and languages studied. On the basis of various learner profiles, the author illustrates the benefit of using English as an element of language comparison and reflection in the learning process of other languages
Author Correction: Gluten consumption and inflammation affect the development of celiac disease in at-risk children
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the authors Renata Auricchio, Ilaria Calabrese, Martina Galatola, Donatella Cielo, Fortunata Carbone, Marianna Mancuso, Giuseppe Matarese, Riccardo Troncone, Salvatore Auricchio & Luigi Greco which were incorrectly given as Auricchio Renata, Calabrese Ilaria, Galatola Martina, Cielo Donatella, Carbone Fortunata, Mancuso Marianna, Matarese Giuseppe, Troncone Riccardo, Auricchio Salvatore & Greco Luigi. The original article has been corrected
Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World
No full textTraditionally regarded as single cell organisms, bacteria naturally and preferentially build multicellular communities that enable them to react efficiently to external stimuli in a coordinated fashion and with extremely effective outcomes. These communities are bacterial biofilms, where single cells or microcolonies are embedded in self-built Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS), composed of different macromolecules, e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Despite being the most common form in nature and having many biotechnologically useful applications, biofilm is often regarded as a life-threatening form of bacterial infection. Since this form of bacterial life is intrinsically more resistant to antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance is reaching alarming levels, we will focus our attention on how nanotechnology made new tools available to the medical community for the prevention and treatment of these infections. After a brief excursus on biofilm formation and its main characteristics, different types of nanomaterials developed to prevent or counteract these multicellular forms of bacterial infection will be described. A comparison of different classifications adopted for nanodrugs and a final discussion of challenges and future perspectives are also presented
Bottlebrush HPMA co-polymers based on a polyphosphazene backbone
No full textAuthor Martina Cornelia Huber BScMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2023Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
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