1,721,283 research outputs found
Modified 30 G needle trypan blue staining technique under air for a uniform and consistent anterior capsule staining
No full textRohit Om Parkash, Shruti Mahajan, Tushya Om Parkash Dr Om Parkash Eye Institute, Amritsar, India Purpose: To describe a trypan blue dye staining technique under air, a modification of the previously described 30 G needle under-air technique.Design: This is a prospective, randomized study of 1,000 eyes of 952 patients undergoing phacoemulsification in a private practice setting from January 2015 to August 2016. Three variants as a modification of the previously known 30 G needle technique are described. In our technique, after injecting one drop of the dye under air, the needle is kept in the anterior chamber (AC) for 15 seconds. In the second variation, along with the additional hold time, 0.05 mL air is injected prior to dye injection to deepen the AC in eyes with shallow ACs or in cases with increased posterior pressure. The third variation is the selective painting approach in which more than one drop is injected for a homogenous staining.Main outcome measures: The main outcome measures were safety and reproducibility of the technique along with homogeneity and uniformity of the anterior capsule staining.Results: AC remained stable during the hold time of 15 seconds with no egress of air. No iatrogenic trauma occurred in any of the cases. All cases had a homogeneously stained anterior capsule. The staining intensity was excellent in 80.8% of the eyes and good in 19.2% of the eyes.Conclusion: This is a safe, simple, and cost-effective technique which achieves consistent, uniform, and reproducible staining. It overcomes the shortcomings of the known 30 G needle technique. Keywords: trypan blue staining, anterior capsule staining, under air, 30 G needle technique, effective staining, uniform stainin
A rapid technique for en masse soft cataract phacoemulsification
No full textRohit Om Parkash,1 Shruti Mahajan,1 Tushya Om Parkash,1 Rasik B Vajpayee,2 Tushar Om Parkash31Ophthalmology, Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Dr Om Parkash Eye Institute, Amritsar, Punjab, India; 2Ophthalmology, FRCS, FRANZCO, Vision Eye Institute, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaPurpose: To describe a new, en masse, stepwise technique for purely soft cataracts.Methods: RAPID, a soft cataract phacoemulsification technique, is an acronym-based procedure where R is rotation of nucleus, A is alignment of phacoemulsification tip sideways, P is placement of tip adjacent to the nuclear rim, I is impaling of tip into nuclear rim and D is devouring wherein nucleus is aspirated/emulsified. RAPID technique was performed in 54 eyes of 54 patients (31 males and 23 females; mean age 46.35±3.95 years). The soft nucleus was emulsified, after performing hydrodissection, in a stepwise manner in the safe zone away from posterior capsule and corneal endothelium. Centurion/Infiniti Phacoemulsification system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) was used with vacuum parameters at 475 mm Hg and an aspiration flow rate of 0–45 mL/min in linear mode. The primary outcome measures were cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), ultrasound time (UST), amount of fluid used, surgical complications and mean endothelial cell loss.Results: Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed successfully in all patients without any intraoperative complications. CDE was 1.03±0.61. Total UST for nuclear emulsification was 3.84±3.27 seconds and fluid used was 10±2.35 milliliters. Postoperative follow-up examinations were done on 1, 4, 14, 30 and 90 days. Mean percentage of endothelial cell loss was 7.05±2.65% (mean endothelial cell counts were 2383.75±105.21 cells/mm2 preoperatively and 2215.78±114.9 cells/mm2 3 months postoperatively).Conclusion: RAPID is an en masse non-fragmentation technique for purely soft cataracts. This technique requires neither any specialized instrumentations nor the use of high vacuum with complimenting surge preventing software. Simple stepwise multi-planer approach of RAPID technique allows easy and fast emulsification of soft cataracts with simultaneous safeguarding of posterior capsule and corneal endothelium.Keywords: soft cataract phacoemulsification, RAPID en masse phacoemulsification technique, soft catarac
Flap motility as a sign of posterior capsule rupture in peripherally extended anterior capsular tears
No full textRohit Om Parkash,1 Shruti Mahajan,2 Vinod Biala,3 Tushya Om Parkash,4 Alhaj F Tasneem5 1Department of Cataract Surgery, 2Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Dr Om Parkash Eye Institute, Amritsar, 3Department of Cataract Surgery, Eye Care Centre, Ghaziabad, 4Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 5Department of Ophthalmology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India Purpose: To describe various types of anterior capsular tears and an early diagnostic, flap motility, as a sign of posterior capsular rupture following posterior extension of radial tears. Design: This was a prospective study carried out in 4,331 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification in a private practice setting from April 2015 to February 2016. Twenty six consecutive cases of anterior capsular tears were included. Morphological features of anterior capsular tears and resultant complications were evaluated. Parameters studied were surgical step during which the tear occurred, shape of tear, its extension in relation to the equator, and flap nature and motility in tear extending up to equator. Main outcome measures: The main outcome measures were motility and nature of flaps in anterior capsular radial tears and the relation to posterior capsule rupture. Results: Based on shape, extent, and angulation, anterior capsular tears were categorized into 5 types: Type I, pre-equatorial radial tear (26.92%); Type II, post-equatorial radial tear (3.85%); Type III, Argentinean flag sign pre-equatorial tear (57.69%); Type IV, Argentinean flag sign post-equatorial tear (7.69%), and Type V, mini punch (3.85%). Flaps were either seen to be everted and fluttering or inverted and non-fluttering. In all cases with everted fluttering flaps no posterior capsular rupture (PCR) was observed, while in cases with inverted non-fluttering flaps a PCR was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: Everted and fluttering flaps of the anterior capsular tears indicate pre-equatorial tear, while inverted and non-fluttering flaps indicate posterior capsule rupture following tear extension beyond the equator. Keywords: anterior capsule tear, posterior capsule rupture, flap motility sign, earliest sig
Carbon Nanomaterials in Agriculture: A Critical Review
No full textThere has been great interest in the use of carbon nano-materials (CNMs) in agriculture. However, the existing literature reveals mixed effects from CNM exposure on plants, ranging from enhanced crop yield to acute cytotoxicity and genetic alteration. These seemingly inconsistent research-outcomes, taken with the current technological limitations for in situ CNM detection, present significant hurdles to the wide scale use of CNMs in agriculture. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current literature, including studies with both positive and negative effects of different CNMs (e.g., carbon nano-tubes, fullerenes, carbon nanoparticles, and carbon nano-horns, among others) on terrestrial plants and associated soil-dwelling microbes. The effects of CNMs on the uptake of various co-contaminants will also be discussed. Last, we highlight critical knowledge gaps, including the need for more soil-based investigations under environmentally relevant conditions. In addition, efforts need to be focused on better understanding of the underlying mechanism of CNM-plant interactions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Selections in segregating breeding materials in target ecologies for enhancing drought and heat tolerance
No full textBrief on Selections in segregating breeding materials in target ecologies (western Rajasthan for drought during rainy season; Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh for heat stress during summer season) for enhancing drought and heat tolerance, and advance selected materials at ICRISAT; advance breeding materials improved for drought tolerance through forward breeding
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Numerical simulation and comparative analysis of pressure drop estimation in horizontal and vertical slurry pipeline
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