1,720,957 research outputs found
Rethinking Pre-Crime Surveillance versus Privacy in an Increasingly Insecure World: Imperative Expediency
Get PDFTill date the United States of America has not overcome the 9/11 shock despite her efficient police and intelligence network. Nigerians would have perhaps saved the horror of the Boko Haram kidnap of the 276 innocent school girls in Maiduguri. Australians in Sydney would perhaps have prevented the death of two citizens in the hand of a man with known history of violence and crime at "the siege in Martin Place" had proper pre-emptive measures been taken. Less than 24 hours to that of Sydney Pakistan suffered its most horrifying attack in the hands of the Pakistan Taliban, causing a massacre of about 126 innocent children. Next, France became the victim. Some world leaders gathered to conduct a solidarity march and protest against terrorism. The clamour among scholars who hold fastidiously to the preservation of privacy against the quest for crime prevention surveillance in an insecure world today may be very rational and worthy of merits. But is it expedient? It appears the various democratic jurisdictions agitate against crime prevention surveillance in a manner detrimental to the same security they concertedly desire to provide for the citizens. Law enforcement agencies seek efficiency, relevance and confidence of the citizens in their role in society but it seems the same society backed by scholars would not listen? What message are we passing to the law enforcement agencies? Who should the population trust more; the citizens or the law enforcement officers? Whose privacy is the state protecting? Whose security is the state obliged to protect? Could the resistance to crime prevention surveillance tie the hands of the state law enforcement and inadvertently provide opportunities for criminals and terrorists? What is the way forward? These are the questions this paper intends to discuss in the light of recent global events of security breaches. Key Words: Adversarial system, Privacy, Surveillance, Criminal justice, Crime prevention, Crime control, Securit
Toward Decolonizing Legal Theories of Law and Technology
Get PDFThe necessity of technology for the preservation of sustainable human existence is no longer in doubt. The challenges of climate change owing to the teeming world population against the constantly shrinking resources further justify the necessity for new paradigm of conducting human activities through technology. Good and attractive as the technological-driven new world may be, it has become another platform for the re-invention of colonisation. What used to be the scramble and partitioning of the developing worlds in physical time and space has metamorphosed into a new dimension of scramble and partitioning of the same victims upon borderless globalisation and privatisation. The controllers and actors of the digitized world are the same developed countries that had hitherto subjected the developing counterparts as appendages for exploitation. Virtually all spheres of human endeavours are converted to digital platforms. The legal and justice systems are not exempted. This paper interrogates the new colonisation through technology and the need for decolonisation of the emerging theories of interaction of law and technology (technoprudence), particularly, considering three levels of colonisation. The three levels are: primary colonisation (perpetuated by the West and Developed Allies), secondary colonisation (driven by the Neo-Colonialists and their puppets), and tertiary colonisation (technology platform owners). The paper recommends decolonisation of the three levels for the realisation of a world of diversity, inclusion and justice
Succession Planning and Women Inclusion in Family Businesses
Get PDFPurpose: This study assesses succession planning and women\u27s inclusion in family businesses in Nigeria. It shows the extent of the challenges of succession planning and women\u27s inclusion and the advantages that follow if the problem is corrected.
Methodology: A survey research design was employed. Using a close-ended questionnaire data were collected from owners of businesses, company directors of family businesses, management employees of family businesses, consultants, civil servants, faculty members, and legal practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS Statistics 26.
Result: The study found that the exclusion of women in succession planning was a common reason for the unsustainability of the family businesses. Challenges and factors such as cultural and religious bias, patriarchal system, the absence of proper and inadequate implementation of governance structures, etc. lead to the exclusion of women.
Implications: Family businesses must focus on including women in succession planning as this would lead to an increase in their sustainability, productivity, and profitability, and it would also impact the Nigerian economy positively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Directors’ Conflict of Interest and Its Implication for the Sustainability of a Company
Get PDFEvents on the Boards of directors in Nigeria have exposed diverse cases of conflict of interest and non-disclosure. Activities of some directors reveal that they do not know the boundaries of their allegiance to the companies that appointed them. This paper examined the role of directors\u27 viz-a-viz conflict of interest and how it affects the sustainability of the companies. The doctrinal method was used to analyze the principles of corporate governance as it is related to the conflict of interest of those who are involved in the management. With the use of primary and secondary sources, the authors discussed the legal provisions addressing issues on conflict of interest, and the impact and implication of conflict of interest related to the organizations, the economy, and corporate sustainability. The paper found that lack of adherence to the provision of corporate governance framework had led to the pervasive cases of non-disclosure, conflict of interest, criminal liability, and extinction of the companies in extreme cases. This paper also offers recommendations for curbing the menace of conflict of interest in order to ensure corporate sustainability
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