116,373 research outputs found
Beyond ‘Needy’ Individuals: Conceptualizing Information Behavior
No full textUnderstanding information users and their behavior is a question of central importance for information
research and practice. The paper challenges several aspects of existing approaches to understanding information behavior, including: the focus on individual cognition at the expense of social and affective factors; the construction of information users as defined by their areas of ignorance and uncertainty, rather than their expertise; and the focus on purposive rather than non-purposive information behavior. It argues that only by addressing these weaknesses and developing new research strategies and theoretical frameworks which focus attention on the social processes and relationships which underpin users’ information behavior can we hope to develop a truly holistic understanding of the relationship between people and information. The paper uses the author’s study of information behavior researcher’s constructions of an author (Brenda Dervin) to illustrate how a social constructivist approach can both build on existing approaches to information behavior research and address some of their weaknesses. It argues that social constructivist approaches provide a theoretical lens through which information researchers can gain a clearer picture of information users not as ‘needy’ individuals to be ‘helped’, but as social beings, experts in their own life-worlds
Surveillance of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents in the vicinity of the finding of the first infected red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Sweden
No full textOlsson, G.E., Hörnfeldt, B., Ågren, E., Wahlström, H
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Correction to ‘Hypoxia increases the risk of egg predation in a nest-guarding fish’
No full textThe authorship order was presented incorrectly in the paper. The correct order should be Karin H. Olsson, Maria Norevik Andrén, Therése Larsson and Charlotta Kvarnemo
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The sensory sampling model: theoretical developments and empirical findings
No full textThe article presents the distinction between Thurstonian and Brunswikian errors in judgment, and provides an informal presentation of the sensory sampling model (SESAM) which is premised on this distinction [Juslin, P., & Olsson, H. (1997). Thurstonian an</p
Josette D'Avico (W. B. Saunders Company) to Ragnar Olsson, March 17, 1969
No full textLetterLetter regarding permission to publish illustrations from Willier, weiss & Hamburger: Analysis of Development (1955). cc: dr. B. H. Willier, Dr. V. HamburgerCorrespondenc
Cellulose–solvent interactions from self-diffusion NMR
No full textMolecular self-diffusion coefficients were measured in solutions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dissolving pulp, in 40 wt% aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), using pulsed field gradient stimulated echo NMR. From the cellulose diffusion coefficients, a weight averaged radius of hydration h>w = 6.1 nm for MCC and h>w = 15 nm for pulp were obtained. Water and TBA+ ions show a significantly different dependence on the cellulose concentration, revealing different molecular interactions with the polymer. Water-cellulose are essentially excluded volume. TBA+ ions, on the other hand, bind to cellulose with approximately 1.2 TBA+ ions per glucose unit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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