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J Alzheimers Dis
No full textWe argue that the provision of substantial dietary modifications to individuals who wish to maximize their brain health is ethically permitted, despite evidence for such an intervention being not yet fully conclusive. However, we argue that for a burdensome therapy with weak evidence and potential harms, balanced communication, informed consent and follow-up are necessary components of the ethical provision of such lifestyle changes. Moreover, health should be discussed as a value with individuals alongside non-health priorities to achieve balance and avoid brain healthism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Hur påverkar flavonoidintag totalmortalitet vid cancer? En systematisk litteraturöversikt
No full textAim: The aim of this literature review is to examine the scientific evidence for whether total flavonoid intake from the diet affects overall survival among adults with cancer diagnosed at baseline.
Method: This systematic literature review analyzes prospective cohort studies that investigate the relationship between flavonoid intake and overall survival. The search terms used were "flavonoid intake", "flavanol intake", "cancer mortality", and "cancer survival". A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Scopus, followed by data extraction. The inclusion criteria comprised of an adult population over 18 years of age with some form of cancer at baseline. The exposure studied was total flavonoid intake from the diet. The outcome was overall survival and was analyzed by comparing groups with high and low flavonoid intake, respectively.
Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposures (ROBINS-E) handbook and a template from Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU), supported by the accompanying manual. Thereafter, the strength of the evidence was summarized using an assessment tool developed by World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR).
Results: The literature search resulted in 264 unique articles, of which 18 were read in full. Ultimately, two articles were included in our analysis. For patients with ovarian cancer, with an average follow-up of 3,7 years, the results showed that individuals with the highest flavonoid intake (highest tertile) had 34% lower mortality compared to those in the lowest tertile (p-trend 0.05). For patients with colorectal cancer, with an average follow-up of 8,6 years, no statistically significant association was found between flavonoid intake from the diet and overall survival. Both studies were assessed to have a high risk of bias, which means that the overall assessment of the reliability of the studies is limited and that they provide insufficient evidence.
Conclusion: The combined studies have limited - insufficient evidence and therefore low reliability. No clear association between total flavonoid intake and overall survival is reported.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att undersöka det vetenskapliga underlaget för huruvida totalt flavonoidintag från kosten påverkar totalmortalitet bland vuxna med diagnostiserad cancer vid baslinje.
Metod: Denna systematiska litteraturöversikt analyserar prospektiva kohortstudier som undersöker sambandet mellan flavonoidintag och totalmortalitet. De sökord som användes var "flavonoid intake", "flavanol intake", "cancer mortality" och "cancer survival". Det genomfördes en systematisk litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och Scopus, följt av en dataextration. Inklusionskriterierna omfattade en vuxen population över 18 år med någon form av cancer vid baslinje. Den studerade exponeringen var det totala intaget av flavonoider från kosten. Utfallet var totalmortalitet och analyserades genom jämförelse mellan grupper med högt respektive lågt flavonoidintag.
Risk för bias bedömdes med hjälp av handboken Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposures (ROBINS-E), och en mall från Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU), med stöd av tillhörande manual. Därefter gjordes en sammanvägning av evidensstyrkan med hjälp av en granskningsmall som utvecklats av World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) och American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR).
Resultat: Sökningen resulterade i 264 unika artiklar, av vilka 18 lästes i fulltext. Slutligen inkluderades två artiklar i vår analys. För patienter med äggstockscancer, med en genomsnittlig uppföljning på 3,7 år, visade resultaten att individer med högst flavonoidintag (högsta tertilen) hade 34 % lägre mortalitet jämfört med de i den lägsta tertilen (p-trend 0,05). För patienter med kolorektalcancer, med en genomsnittlig uppföljning på 8,6 år, påvisades inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan flavonoidintag från kosten och totalmortalitet. Båda studierna bedöms ha hög risk för bias, vilket innebär att den sammanvägda bedömningen av studiernas tillförlitlighet är begränsad och att de ger otillräcklig evidens.
Slutsats: De sammanlagda studierna har begränsad - otillräcklig evidens och därmed låg tillförlitlighet. Det redovisas inte något klart samband mellan totalt flavonoidintag och totalmortalitet
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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