1,720,969 research outputs found
La naturaleza de la responsabilidad del productor a la luz del derecho norteamericano
Get PDFLa existencia de un ingrediente contractual en el
origen de la responsabilidad del productor en el
presente siglo sugiere una necesaria referencia al
derecho contractual del S. XIX. A diferencia del S.
XVIII en el cual, resulta sumamente difícil alcanzar
un conocimiento pleno del common law, debido al
escaso n úmero de demandas judiciales y a la casi
inexistente trascendencia del precedente judicial, en
el S. XIX se asiste a un cambio profundo debido a
la expansión económica. Este fenómeno determinó
un incremento paralelo de las demandas judiciales,
gran parte de las cuales tenía como fundamento la
mala calidad del producto vendido. Este período,
caracterizado por el movimiento en las operaciones
económicas que suscita el desarrollo industrial, se
convierte en el contexto ad hoc para la difusión y la
consolidación del principio de la privity of contract
que en los sistemas de derecho escrito viene a corresponder
al principio de la relatividad contractual. La verificación de profundos cambios en el ámbito
socioeconómico dará inicio a toda una etapa de
transformación de la responsabilidad del productor,
destacando los casos que han sentado precedentes
en esta evolución con una orientación clara hacia la
tutela de las víctimas de daños derivados de productos
defectuosos
Causalidad y daño por productos defectuosos a propósito de los casos DES en los Estados Unidos
Get PDFLos casos Derechos Económicos y Sociales DES en los Estados Unidos han dado lugar a diversas teorías que tratan de responder al problema de la determinación del nexo causal, como la teoría de la responsabilidad, según la participación en el mercado. Sin embargo, los intentos parecen llevar a exonerar a la víctima de probar el nexo causal y, de esta manera, el productor se transformaría en una suerte de asegurador por daños ocasionados por otros. Frente a la dificultad de determinación del nexo causal que puede surgir en otros productos además de los medicamentos, las teorías fundadas sobre una concepción probabilística de la causalidad pueden hallar nuevos campos de aplicación
La indemnización de las víctimas de riesgos médicos allende los límites tradicionales de la responsabilidad civil
No full textSe parte de una descripción doctrinaria de la noción del álea o riesgo médico, que conduce a identificar los sentidos que adopta, a fin de confrontarla con la noción de la culpa médica. De manera más específica, se intenta también perfilar una noción de error médico que se va posicionando en el derecho médico, no obstante ser objeto de diversos estudios en el campo de la medicina. El objetivo del estudio consiste en tratar, desde la perspectiva del derecho comparado, el problema que comporta la noción del riesgo médico para el terreno de la responsabilidad civil, el cual se abordará a través de un examen de la jurisprudencia comparada, que evidenciará los pasos que se vienen dando en diversos sistemas jurídicos, entre ellos el colombiano, para extender las reglas de la responsabilidad al campo de lo contingente, sin perjuicio del reconocimiento de alguna opción legislativa clara para regular las consecuencias de lo que se viene a conocer por accidente médico
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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