125 research outputs found
Kognitivní omezení a behaviorální zkreslení v kontextu oceňování aktiv
No full textCognitive Limitations and Behavioral Biases In The Asset Pricing Context MAER Thesis Asbtract Giorgi Chavchanidze I incorporate behavioral and bounded rationality elements into a single asset-pricing frame- work by setting up a two-period consumption-based portfolio selection problem in which a representative agent has biased priors, does not observe the current state and thus has in- complete information about future state probabilities. He forms posterior beliefs using signals that he selects according to the rational inattention discrete choice framework of Matějka and McKay (2015), where the precision of the beliefs depend intuitively on the priors and the cost of information λ. In the case of log-utility, the optimal portfolio is a convex combination of the N portfolios the investor would have selected in each of the N states if they were fully observable, where the weights reflect the subjective posterior likelihood of time-zero states. The posterior beliefs are induced by parsimonious reweighing of priors, where the weights depend on λ, discount factor β and the relative entropies of the future state distributions induced by different time-zero states. Using a two-state example, I demonstrate how the cost of information and biases can be jointly analyzed in this framework and discuss implied...Cognitive Limitations and Behavioral Biases In The Asset Pricing Context Abstrakt Giorgi Chavchanidze Zahrnuji prvky behaviorální a omezené racionality do modelu oceňování aktiv s reprezenta- tivním aktérem řešícím problém volby portfolia ve dvou obdobích Aktér modelu má zkreslená apriorní očekávání a neúplnou informaci o rozdělení budoucích stavů. Aktér utváří své pos- teriorní očekávání dle signálů, které volí ve frameworku racionální nepozornosti s diskrétní volbou vytvořeném Matějkou a Mckayem (2015). Přesnost očekávání závisí na apriorním očekávání a nákladech na získání informace λ. V případě logaritmické užitkové funkce je optimální portfolio konvexní kombinací N portfolií, která by investor volil v některém z N možných stavů, pokud by byly stavy plně pozorovatelné. Váhy konvexní kombinace před- stavují subjektivní posteriorní pravděpodobnosti stavů v čase nula. Posteriorní očekávání je dáno přehodnocením vah plynoucích z apriorního očekávání, kde váhy závisí na λ, diskontním faktoru β a relativní entropii rozdělení budoucích stavů daných rozdílnými stavy v čase nula. S použitím příkladu o dvou stavech ukazuji, jak náklady na informace a zkreslení mo- hou být společně zkoumány v popsaném frameworku a diskutuji implikované rozdíly oproti zcela racionálnímu chování. Hlavní výhodou navrženého modelu je...CERGEFaculty of Social SciencesFakulta sociálních vě
Economic Growth in European Regions: Divergence within Convergence
Get PDFStuduji konvergenci a divergenci v regionech EU v letech 2000-2018. Používám údaje o HDP na obyvatele a modelované reálné výdaje v rámci režimů podpory EU regionů z členských zemí EU na úrovni členění NUTS2. Na toto nastavení aplikuji model β-konvergence. Ukazuji, že celková disperze regionů se od roku 2003 téměř bez přerušení zvyšuje. Pokud zahrnu fixní efekty v rámci jednotlivých zemí, rozptyl HDP na obyvatele se v letech 2000-2010 v průměru snižuje. Tento výsledek není zcela v souladu s regresní analýzou složených temp růstu a logaritmického počátečního HDP na obyvatele. Tento nesoulad je však vysvětlitelný vstupem nových regionů a prolínáním jednotlivých skupin regionů v roce 2018. Zjistil jsem, že členské země EU se od sebe navzájem liší, ale regiony v rámci jednotlivých zemí konvergují k průměru zemí. Další analýza ukazuje, že konvergence je robustní vůči zahrnutí regionálních charakteristik a podpory EU. Mé výsledky ukazují, že politika soudržnosti EU je při podpoře konvergence regionů EU úspěšná pouze částečně. Klíčová slova: β-konvergence, regionální politika EU, politika soudržnosti, HDP na obyvatele.CERGEFakulta sociálních vědFaculty of Social Science
Investigations of substrate specificity of lipase and esterase from Triticum aestivum and their Michaelis-Menten kinetics
Get PDFEnzymatic screening is screening an enzyme library to identify those that possess enzymatic activity towards defined substrates. In this work we screened a lipase and an esterase from Triticum aestivum – most significant cereal crop. The study aimed to investigate whether long-chain or short-chain fatty acids have higher processing rate by esterase and lipase from Triticum aestivum. In the screening, pH values were varied. Moreover, as substrates, several esters with varying length of fatty acids were used. The lipase and esterase showed higher activity towards substrates with a longer carbon chain. Enzyme activity was measured photometrically by using para-nitrophenol. Inhibitory properties of diisopropylfluorophosphate in relation to the esterase were tested. It was found that diisopropylfluorophosphate acts as a non-competitive inhibitor. pH optimum of pancreatin was determined, the value of which is 7. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences
Investigations of substrate specificity of lipase and esterase from Triticum aestivum and their Michaelis-Menten kinetics
No full textEnzymatic screening is screening an enzyme library to identify those that possess enzymatic activity towards defined substrates. In this work we screened a lipase and an esterase from Triticum aestivum – most significant cereal crop. The study aimed to investigate whether long-chain or short-chain fatty acids have higher processing rate by esterase and lipase from Triticum aestivum. In the screening, pH values were varied. Moreover, as substrates, several esters with varying length of fatty acids were used. The lipase and esterase showed higher activity towards substrates with a longer carbon chain. Enzyme activity was measured photometrically by using para-nitrophenol. Inhibitory properties of diisopropylfluorophosphate in relation to the esterase were tested. It was found that diisopropylfluorophosphate acts as a non-competitive inhibitor. pH optimum of pancreatin was determined, the value of which is 7. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences
Development of novel multiferroic composites based on BaTiO3 and hexagonal ferrites
No full textNew multiferroic composite ceramics with the general formula (x)Ba(Sr)Fe12O19-(l-x)BaTiO3 (x=O. 1, 0.5) were synthesized via a simple solid-state reaction technique. Crystal structure analysis performed for such materials revealed the presence of two crystalline phases pertinent to the initi2l composite components. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) nd atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to assess the crystallinity, microstructure, and local magnetoelectric interactions between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic grains. Magnetic measurements revealed that the saturation magnetization is proportional to the volume fraction of ferrite phase. Dielectric studies demonstrated strong frequency relaxation due to space charge polarization and high conductivity loss making macroscopic magnetoelectric measurements difficult. Novel nanoscale magnetoelectric effect observed by AFM is discussed. © 2009 Materials Research Society
APPROACH TO ESTIMATION OF COMPLEXITY AND DIFFICULTY OF MILITARY ECOLOGY ACADEMIC ASSIGNMENTS
No full textEfficacy and safety of some etiotropic therapeutic schemes for treating patients with novel coronavirus infection (covid-19)
No full textThe aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug, compared to the standard etiotropic therapy in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Material and methods. The research was conducted as a part of an open, randomized, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Areplivir, 200 mg film-coated tablets ("PROMOMED RUS" LLC, Russia), in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The dosing regimen of Favipiravir was 1600 mg twice a day on the 1st day and 600 mg twice a day on days 2 14. Thirty nine patients were enrolled into the study with a laboratory-established diagnosis of a new type of Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed) of moderate severity, with pneumonia. The group of comparison (22 patients) received standard etiotropic therapy, prescribed in accordance with the current version of the temporary guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, represented mainly by Hydroxychloroquine with the dosage regimen of 800 mg on the 1st day, then 400 mg on days 2-7, and Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 5 days. The main group (17 patients) received Favipiravir (Areplivir) as etiotropic therapy. Results. In the main group, the time period until fever disappeared was found to be 1.36 days shorter than in the group of comparison (p0.05); there was a higher rate of the reduction of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to the computer tomography data (38.4% vs 14.9%, p0.05). By the end of the treatment, there was also a lower lactate level in the blood (27.1%, p0.05) than in the patients of the group of comparison. The evaluation of the drug efficacy according to the Categorical Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement and measurements of oxygen saturation in the blood, manifested similar positive dynamics in the patients treated according to various etiotropic therapy regimens. By the end of the treatment, the RNA SARS-CoV-2 tests were also negative in all the patients. As for the overall frequency of adverse events (AEs), no relevant distinctions were found between the groups. A greater part of AEs was related to hepatotoxicity, with a predominantly clinically relevant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A clinically relevant prolongation of the corrected QT interval on the standard ECG was found to occur in the standard-Therapy group on day 5, while no serious AEs were registered in the main group. No serious adverse reactions were registered in patients of the main group. Conclusion. The efficacy of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) therapy for the novel coronavirus infection has proved to be superior to the efficacy of the standard etiotropic therapy in a number of aspects. Basing on the obtained findings, Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug can be recommended for treating patients with the novel coronavirus infection of moderate severity
China's New Soft Power Strategy
No full textThe article focuses on the Chinese concept and strategy of using soft power to create an attractive image of the country. In the age of fierce competition for global/regional leadership, the concept of soft power has become the mainstream in China's foreign policy and was considered by Chinese politicians and experts as a tool to strengthen the influence through the introduction into the cultural space of other countries, the dissemination of language and cultural codes in order to create a positive image of China. The Western-based concept of soft power in China has been thoroughly analyzed and specified. Supported by a context-based approach, the article shows how, having previously criticized the concept of Joseph Nye, Chinese scientists and experts developed a specifically Chinese theory of soft power of culture (中国文化软实力), which was used in the foreign and domestic policy of the state and served as the basis for the observed changes in the strategy of using soft power. Based on the analysis of Chinese sources, the authors of the article conclude that at the beginning of the XXI century, the buildup of soft power through the creation of a network of Confucius Institutes was presented by China as a policy for mutual gain in the international arena. With the ascendance of Xi Jinping, the soft power of culture as a resource and tool of China's external influence is leaving the frontier of the political agenda. The foreign policy vector of the soft power of culture is redirected inward, and culture, which until recently openly acted as a driver of soft power in foreign policy, moves to the internal track and fits into the concept of "four self-confidences" and "double circulation", focusing on the qualitative component, while maintaining its high foreign policy significance for the Chinese policymakers
Tracking of plasmodesmata localization with the use of fluorescently labelled VAP27 protein
No full textPlasmodesmata play a crucial role in plant development processes, biotic and abiotic stress responses. The thick space inside of a plasmodesma between the plasma membrane and desmotubule is tethered by spoke-like elements. VAP27 is a transmembrane protein localized in plasmodesmata that acts as their tether. The aim of the study was to investigate the integration of fluorescently labelled VAP27 protein into plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plasmodesmata which would enable the tracking of N. benthamiana plasmodesmata localization in vivo. The research was done by infiltration of N. benthamiana with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. A. tumefaciens were transformed with the GreenGate assembled plasmid containing the gene coding for Nterminally labelled VAP27 with EGFP. The EGFP fluorescence was detected by confocal imaging of N. benthamiana leaves. Prior to confocal imaging, the leaves were infiltrated with aniline blue, which acted as plasmodesmata marker. The findings revealed the colocalization of positions of VAP27-EGFP expression and plasmodesmata. The conclusion was made that the integration of VAP27-EGFP into the plasma membrane in plasmodesmata was successful. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023
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