112 research outputs found
Polemics and Analysis of Critiism of IFRS by I. R. Sukharev and O. A. Sukhareva
No full textThe present article is to controvert the criticism in relation to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The purpose of the article is to contribute to the public discussion about the place of IFRS in the Russian financial accounting system. The article is divided into three parts: in the first part the author raises an issue of IFRS implementation in Russia. The second part is devoted to the importance of public debate of IFRS application and understanding in Russia. The author offers a very brief introduction to IFRS: key definitions and how to apply them. And the third part focuses directly on the IFRS weaknesses controversy. The emphasis here is made on the discussion of series of three articles by I. R. Sukharev and O. A. Sukhareva combined under the title “IFRS drawbacks”. The author does not agree with such a wording; he supports the uniformity of fundamentals and principles which result in comparability of financial statements worldwide. The article draws the attention to the previous negative experience and lack of modern strategic view that prevented the Russian professional accountancy community from creating up-to-date standards on their ow
Investment function of economic growth in Russia
No full textThe intensification of investment dynamics is a determining factor in the new growth model of the Russian economy. The Covid crisis has greatly limited the opportunities to use this factor and made restoring growth dynamics an urgent task. The aim of the study is to determine the investment function of the Russian economy before the Covid crisis in order to identify the main instruments of the investment policy of growth in the post-crisis period. The research methods are macroeconomic and regression analysis based on software Gretl 2020b, which helped to choose the investment function according to the instrument-factors. Solving the problem of collinearity of multiple regression factors makes it possible to select the best models for GDP and investment in fixed assets of the Russian economy. The research result is selected multivariate models of gross product and investment that allow considering the impact of the following instruments on the goal’s function: monetization level, key interest rate, exchange rate, risk, profitability, oil prices, financial investments, inflation. The author concludes that an increase in the monetization of the economy, a decrease in the key interest rate, and a controlled devaluation generally had a positive effect on the amount of investment in fixed assets. The investment growth increased the risk of economic activity; the decrease in profitability relatively decreased investment and increased Russia’s GDP with an increased risk over the considered time interval. When implementing investment policy, one should consider these features along with the specified macro-aggregates, the structure of investment distribution between sectors and types of investments, for example, in financial and non-financial assets. The paper shows the significance of this condition, which affects the effectiveness of the investment policy, when the shift in investment towards financial assets accompanies the slowdown in economic growth. The prospect of further research is an assessment of the equalization of sectoral risks affecting the distribution of investments and investment dynamics. © Sukharev O.S., 202
The Gating Mechanism of the Large Mechanosensitive Channel in Escherichia coli and Effects of Gain-of-Function Mutations
No full textThe mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) in Escherichia coli is perhaps the best-characterized mechanosensitive protein. The structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ortholog has been solved recently by X-ray crystallography, but the structural rearrangements associated with gating remain obscure. Based on the crystal structure, a homology model of E. coli MscL had been built and the gating process was proposed (Sukharev et al., 2001). I experimentally verified these working models. The result demonstrates that the iris-like expansion of M1 helixes does occur during the gating transition. In addition to the hydrophobic M1 gate, the S1 segments unresolved in the original crystal structure were easily cross-linked with pairs of cysteines and prevented opening, consistent with the proposed function of a second gate. Although the early models predicted a wide-open conformation with cytoplasmic S3 domains separated, the current data strongly suggest that S3 domains are in fact stably associated in both closed and open conformations. The open-state model predicts an in-plane expansion of the channel protein of about 23 nm2. The analysis of multiple MscL dose-response curves, accounting for non-homogeneity of channels in a population, (i.e. variable energy or area changes for individual channels), estimated the total channel expansion ~20 nm2 and the transition energy ~52 kT, consistent with molecular models of the open state. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutants with hydrophilic or charged substitutions in the main hydrophobic gate stably occupy low-conducting substates. The character of perturbations introduced in the main gate by GOF substitutions strongly supports the two-gate mechanism in which the first sub-transition (C->S) can be viewed as the opening of the M1 gate formed by the first transmembrane domains, resulting in an expanded leaky conformation (S). The second sub-transition (S->O) can be attributed to the separation of the N-terminal (S1) gate resulting in the fully conductive channe
Regional Economic Policy: Structured Approach and Tools (The Oretical Formulation
No full textThe subject matter of the article is the development of a doctrine of coordinated regional development and the study of the structural quality of development of regional systems based on the theoretical analysis of institutional factors (parameters) that determine the technological efficiency of the regional economy. The purpose is to show possibilities of technological changes and the shift of economic growth in a particular regional system, with strict limits for accelerated development, with emphasis on industrial regions. For this purpose, we generated a number of structural models, analyzed the impact of technological factors on parameters of growth of the regional economy and determined conditions for development of industrial regions. We applied correlative and regression analysis to establish a statistically significant correlation between relevant parameters, used econometric models to show the possibility to estimate parameters of growth through control parameters, including technological factor. The structural aspect of regional economic growth is measured by dividing investments into two classes: old and new technologies. It is possible to increase the technological efficiency of the regional economy by improving results with regard to used (old) technologies and applying new technologies. This approach fundamentally refines the priority queue algorithm for regional development, provides a choice of a strategy of regional technological development. When resources are directed only to the latest technologies, the disproportion in development of the regional economic system can dramatically increase, and parameters related to diversion of resources and creation of a new resource will determine the growth rate of the region. The behavior of investment in old technologies has a major impact on the rate of regional economic growth in Russia, while investments in new technologies are minor and did not have an equivalent impact on the economic growth rate compared with old technologies. Institutional corrections that define parameters of resource diversion from old technologies and creation of a new resource for development, will determine the quality of new economic growth
CONCEPTUAL BASES OF SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND INNOVATIVE POLICY IN RUSSIA
No full textIn this article discussed conceptual problems realization of scientifically and technical policy in Russia. Author research of changing to Academy of Science and high school, also researching the problems of risk to investment of contract by industrial scientifically production. Formulate basic strategically direction of innovation policy, including regional policy to investment-innovation aspects in Russia
Synthesis and Characterisation of Cycloaurated Gold(III) Complexes with Bidentate (O,O), (N,S) and (S,S) Chelating Ligands
No full textThe reaction of C,N-coordinated gold(III) dihalides; BpAuCl₂ (Bp = 2 benzylpyridyl), AnpAuCl₂ (Anp = 2 anilinopyridyl) and TypAuCl₂ (Typ = 2 tolylpyridyl) with catecholate ligands in hot methanol and trimethylamine produced metallacycles with structural isomers of the general formula (C,N)Au{O,O}. Similarly, BpAuCl₂ and AnpAuCl₂ were reacted with thiourea ligands to form complexes giving high yield and good purity with the general formula (C,N)Au{PhNCSNR₂}+, by means of the addition of BPh₄- for precipitation. X-ray crystal structures of the compounds [AnpAu{PhNCSNMe₂}]BPh₄ and [AnpAu{PhNCSNCy₂}]BPh₄ confirmed the coordination of the thiourea to the gold centre through the N and S atoms. In both cases the geometry around the gold atom is square-planar with complex [AnpAu{PhNCSNCy₂}]BPh₄ showing a slightly more puckered conformation than [AnpAu{PhNCSNMe₂}]BPh₄ due to the sterically bulky cyclohexyl groups attached. Some thiourea derivatives were tested against P388 murine leukaemia cells with complex [AnpAu{PhNCSNHPh}]BPh₄ showing promising anti-tumour activity.
When thiourea ligands were replaced by dithiophosphinate and dithiophosphate ligands the reaction proceeded at room temperature without the need for the presence of a base. Relatively low yields of impure metallacycles with the general formula (C,N)Au{S₂PR₂}+ were obtained on the addition of BPh₄- or BF₄-. Attempts to improve purity by varying batches of starting materials, anion and solvents used were unsuccessful. X-ray crystal data from a single crystal of [(C,N)Au{S₂PPh₂}]BPh₄ shows the reduction of gold(III) to gold(I) forming a known polymeric gold(I) dithiophosphinate complex. In order to extend this study the synthesis of complexes with the general formula R₂PS₂AuCl₂ was attempted, but no new compounds were characterised.
Where possible, all new compounds reported in this thesis were characterised by ES-MS, IR, NMR, melting point and micro-elemental analysis
Инвестиционная функция экономического роста России
No full textThe intensification of investment dynamics is a determining factor in the new growth model of the Russian economy. The Covid crisis has greatly limited the opportunities to use this factor and made restoring growth dynamics an urgent task. The aim of the study is to determine the investment function of the Russian economy before the Covid crisis in order to identify the main instruments of the investment policy of growth in the post-crisis period. The research methods are macroeconomic and regression analysis based on software Gretl 2020b, which helped to choose the investment function according to the instrument-factors. Solving the problem of collinearity of multiple regression factors makes it possible to select the best models for GDP and investment in fixed assets of the Russian economy. The research result is selected multivariate models of gross product and investment that allow considering the impact of the following instruments on the goal’s function: monetization level, key interest rate, exchange rate, risk, profitability, oil prices, financial investments, inflation. The author concludes that an increase in the monetization of the economy, a decrease in the key interest rate, and a controlled devaluation generally had a positive effect on the amount of investment in fixed assets. The investment growth increased the risk of economic activity; the decrease in profitability relatively decreased investment and increased Russia’s GDP with an increased risk over the considered time interval. When implementing investment policy, one should consider these features along with the specified macro-aggregates, the structure of investment distribution between sectors and types of investments, for example, in financial and non-financial assets. The paper shows the significance of this condition, which affects the effectiveness of the investment policy, when the shift in investment towards financial assets accompanies the slowdown in economic growth. The prospect of further research is an assessment of the equalization of sectoral risks affecting the distribution of investments and investment dynamics.Активизация инвестиционной динамики является определяющим фактором новой модели роста российской экономики. «Ковидный кризис» серьезно сузил возможности использования этого фактора, актуализировав задачу восстановления ростовой динамики. Цель исследования — определить инвестиционную функцию российской экономики до «ковидного кризиса», чтобы выявить основные инструменты инвестиционной политики роста в посткризисный период. Методологию исследования составляет макроэкономический и регрессионный анализ, проведенный на базе программного модуля Gretl 2020b, при помощи которого осуществлен подбор инвестиционной функции в зависимости от инструментов-факторов. Разрешение проблемы коллинеарности факторов множественной регрессии позволяет отобрать лучшие модели для ВВП и инвестиций в основной капитал российской экономики. Результатом исследования выступают отобранные многофакторные модели валового продукта и величины инвестиций, позволяющие рассмотреть картину влияния следующих инструментов на функции цели: уровня монетизации, ключевой процентной ставки, валютного курса, риска, рентабельности, цены на нефть, финансовых инвестиций, инфляции. Автор делает вывод, что увеличение монетизации экономики, снижение ключевой процентной ставки и управляемая девальвация в целом положительно влияли на величину инвестиций в основной капитал. Рост инвестиций сопровождался ростом риска ведения экономической деятельности, а снижение рентабельности сопровождалось относительным снижением инвестиций и ростом ВВП России с увеличением риска на рассматриваемом интервале времени. Эти выявленные особенности требуют учета при реализации инвестиционной политики наравне с указанными макроагрегатами, структуры распределения инвестиций между секторами и видами инвестиций, например в финансовые и нефинансовые активы. Показана значимость данного условия, влияющего на результативность проводимой инвестиционной политики, когда смещение инвестиций в сторону финансовых активов сопровождает торможение экономического роста. Перспективу дальнейшего исследования составляет оценка выравнивания секторальных рисков, сказывающихся на распределении инвестиций и инвестиционной динамике
Social results and factors of economic growth (theoretical and practical questions)
No full textThe social impact of economic growth is analyzed; it is emphasized that such growth may exacerbate social inequalities. Four major economic systems that define the quality of economic growth - industrial, technical, financial, institutional and social - are reviewed. The outcome of social development of the Russian economy since the early 1990s up to 2010 is analyzed, patterns of social sectors functioning of the national economy are identified. A method of analysis of social structure and social efficiency, in which the social system is divided into sectors - education, health, etc. - is proposed. The analysis of social investments effectiveness by the example of health care is made. In this analysis, performance criteria for health and safety features dynamic of health agent are studied. The economic system of social agents is divided into groups according to the ratio of health care. Finally, the level of spending on health interventions is calculated; this is how levels of social well-being of the social system are measured
DEVELOPMENT FINANCING: THE SOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURAL-DISTRIBUTIVE PROBLEM
No full textThe article examines the process of allocation of financial resources in various areas of economic development. We analysed the impact of financing on the growth of existing activities and the emergence of new sectors of the economy that have been absent so far, for example, knowledge-intensive industries.Evaluation of the results of the distribution of financial resources between the existing economic activities, old and new combinations, and the impact of this distribution on the development of the economic system.As a basis of the study we applied Neo-Schumpeterian theory of economic development, which sees development as the emergence of new combinations. The principle of “creative destruction” describes the diversion of financial resources from old to new combinations. Most of the models used to describe economic development follow the logic of this principle. However, the emergence of a new resource (or sector, kind of activity) and a combinatorial effect make a significant contribution to the distribution of finance by use. The structure of combinations affects the distribution of financial resources, but the distribution effect is also of independent importance, as it is formed by virtue of the government’s policy of financing priority areas of economic development. In the research we used the method of structural analysis and optimization problems solving.The article substantiates that there are two basic modes of development: when there is a “rational growth” aimed at obtaining the greatest income, and when there is a “limited rational growth” associated with minimizing the risks of economic activity in obtaining an acceptable, but not the greatest income. These two modes strongly influence the allocation of resources within the “old-new” combinations of structure. The study of these regimes using optimization models of imitational property reveals the peculiarities of the influence of the distribution of financial resources on the pattern of the development, which is considered as a change in the economic structure.When planning and elaborating an economic development strategy, it is necessary to take into account the problem of the distribution of financial resources between the directions, old and new combinations with the possible effect of their mutual influence. There are two principal conditions when diversification of activities does not reduce risk, but, on the contrary, can increase it due to the current structure of the sectors, and the new combination redistributes the resource so that it can either stimulate the development of old combinations, or causes collapse of these combinations. The introduction of a new combination and the institutions for financing its development will influence this or another option. The model and approach to solving the structural and distribution’s problem in the allocation of financial and other resources we proposed is a practical tool for managing the distribution of resources in the economic system, based on the state and dynamics of existing and changing markets
Investments in the Transaction Sector and Financial Assets: Impact on Economic Growth
No full textInvestments are distributed unevenly in the economy. This distribution between economic sectors and activities (financial and non-financial) determines not only the dynamics of sectors, but also their contribution to economic growth. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of investments in the transaction and non-transaction sectors and the sectors themselves based on their gross value added on economic growth, as well as the impact of investments in financial assets on gross domestic product. The financial sector is an integral part of the transaction sector. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of investments on economic growth, especially to compare it within countries. The research methodology employed the method of structural analysis, econometric modeling, and comparative analysis. The study resulted in structural models built to assess the GDP growth rate from investments in the transaction and nontransaction sectors, as well as changes in GDP from investments in financial and non-financial assets. The econometric models helped establish that the transaction sector and the investments in it make the largest contribution to the growth rate in the Russian economy, while financial investments largely weaken the economic dynamics, since the gap between financial and non-financial investments is rapidly increasing. In the other countries, the imbalance between financial and non-financial investments is less pronounced, which reduces the inhibitory effect of financial investments. The analysis of the countries provides the characteristics of their economic dynamics regarding the impact of investments in the transaction sector and financial assets. The general conclusion is that the economic growth policy in the Russian economy should consider the impact of investments in financial assets and attempt to narrow the gap with investments in non-financial assets. This will not only increase the sustainability of economic dynamics, but also the contribution of investments to economic growth
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