1,105 research outputs found
Gleich und gleich gesellt sich gern: Männerchor. - Partitur, Autograph. - 8 S.
No full textZwölfzeiliges Notenpapier, mit weißem Zwirn zusammengeheftet, schwarze Tinte. - Datiert mit dem "17. Juni 1846
Gleich und gleich gesellt sich gern: Männerchor. - Partitur, Autograph. - 8 S.
No full textZwölfzeiliges Notenpapier, mit weißem Zwirn zusammengeheftet, schwarze Tinte. - Datiert mit dem "17. Juni 1846
Temporal modulation transfer functions in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris): II. Responses of auditory-nerve fibres
No full textThe temporal resolution of cochlear-nerve fibres in the European starling was determined with sinusoidally amplitude-modulated noise stimuli similar to those previously used in a psychoacoustic study in this species (Klump and Okanoya, 1991). Temporal modulation transfer curves (TMTFs) were constructed for cochlear afferents allowing a direct comparison with the starling's behavioural performance. On average, the neuron's detection of modulation was less sensitive than that obtained in the behavioural experiments, although the most sensitive cells approached the values determined psychophysically. The shapes of the neural TMTFs generally resembled low-pass or band-pass filter functions, and the shapes of the averaged neural functions were very similar to those obtained in the behavioural study for two different types of stimuli (gated and continuous carrier). Minimum integration times calculated from the upper cut-off frequency of the neural TMTFs had a median of 0.97 ms with a range of 0.25 to 15.9 ms. The relations between the minimum integration times and the tuning characteristics of the cells (tuning curve bandwidth, Q10 dB-value, high- and low-frequency slopes of the tuning curves) are discussed. Finally, we compare the TMTF data recorded in the starling auditory nerve with data from neurophysiological and behavioural observations on temporal resolution using other experimental paradigms in this and other vertebrate species
Domestication differentially affects cochlear nucleus subdivisions in the gerbil
No full textWe analyzed the effects of domestication on the subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) by comparing their volumes and rostrocaudal extents in laboratory gerbils and in age-matched F1 offspring of gerbils caught in the wild. In addition, soma size was systematically analyzed in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of both groups. Total cochlear nucleus volume and rostrocaudal extent were not significantly different between groups either for young (postnatal day 9) animals before the onset of hearing or for young 4-month-old animals. However, the dorsal cochlear nucleus was significantly larger and the anteroventral cochlear nucleus was significantly smaller in young adults of the wild strain. Thus the relative proportions of the cochlear nucleus subdivisions differed between the groups. In addition, soma size was significantly larger in the low-frequency portion of the anterovental cochlear nucleus in domesticated gerbils compared to wild gerbils. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of a well-defined brain structure (e.g., the antreovental cochlear nucleus) being larger in the domesticated than in the wild form
The organization of tip links and stereocilia on hair cells of bird and lizard basilar papillae
No full textAuditory papillae from three species of bird (pigeon, starling, and chick), and two species of European lizard (Podarcis murolis and Podarcis sic&) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Hair bundles from all papillae showed tip links oriented along the direction of gradation in heights of the stereocilia (i.e. parallel to the hair-cell axis of bilateral symmetry, and so parallel to the
excitato~-i~bito~ axis for m~hanotransduction). This orientation was seen irrespective of the overall orientation of the hair bundle within the papilla. The stereocilia formed columns, joined by the tip links, which ran parallel to the hair-cell axis of bilateral symmetry. The stereocilia within the same column tended to stay together, while those in different columns tended to separate during preparation, In many columns ail the stereocilia tended to be a little taller, or a little shorter, than the equivalent stereocilia in adjacent columns, suggesting that all the stereocilia within one column had been affected by a common height determinant during development. In addition, links running laterally between stereocilia were seen, in a band near the base of the stereocilia. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that tip links are a universal feature of mechano-transducing acousticolateral hair cells, and that
they are involved in sensory transduction. The results also support suggestions that the tip links may play a role in determining the heights of the stereocilia during development
O Desafio da produção de conteúdos noticiosos multimídia no cenário da convergência: a experiência dos repórteres do Diário Catarinense
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Jornalismo, Florianópolis, 2011Antes mesmo de ser um consenso entre os teóricos, a adaptação de redações em busca de uma equipe multimídia vive experiências concretas. Acompanhando o ritmo dos grandes jornais nacionais, o Diário Catarinense, veículo do Grupo RBS com sede em Florianópolis (SC), aparenta estar disposto a rever as rotinas de produção em busca de adequação ao novo cenário do jornalismo digital. Este trabalho pretende mostrar como os repórteres da versão impressa do DC estão lidando com este processo na prática e na teoria, apontando o que os profissionais reconhecem como exemplos de exercícios multimídia e os desafios enfrentados para sua execução no dia a dia. As entrevistas com 27 repórteres foram realizadas entre o segundo semestre de 2010 e o primeiro de 2011, seguidas por conversas com os editores-chefe do jornal e do site. Entre os problemas apontados nesta fase de adaptação, aparecem a limitação de conhecimentos técnicos, a falta de tempo e a dificuldade de fazer mais de uma coisa simultaneamente. Como resposta, a direção do DC anuncia uma rodada de treinamentos e a mudança para um novo prédio, planejado para integrar as redações on e off, até o final de 2011.The effort of assimilating multimedia in the newsroom is having its results even before the consensus of theorists about it. Comparing with national newspapers, Diário Catarinense, a regional newspaper of RBS group, is also inclined to adapt the newsmaking routine according to the rules of digital journalism. This project intends to show how DC´s reporters are dealing with this process. The objective is to verify what professionals recognize as multimedia aplications and to debate the challenges they have to overcome in their work routines. The interviews with 27 reporters have been done between the second half of 2010 and the first of 2011, followed by interviews with the editors of the newspaper and the site. Some examples of the problems identified at this stage of adaptation are limited technical knowledge, lack of time and trouble to do more than one thing simultaneously. In response, the direction of DC announces a round of training and moving to a new building, planned to integrate the newsroom on-line and offline, until the end of 2011
Eosinophil major basic protein: first identified natural heparanase-inhibiting protein
No full textBACKGROUND:
Heparanase and eosinophils are involved in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and angiogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:
We sought to determine whether eosinophils produce active heparanase.
METHODS:
Human peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated by immunoselection and tested for heparanase protein (immunocytochemistry, Western blot), mRNA (RT-PCR) and activity (Na(2)[(35)S]O(4)-labeled extracellular matrix degradation) before and after activation. Heparanase intracellular localization (confocal laser microscopy) and ability to bind to eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) were also evaluated (immunoprecipitation). A model of allergic peritonitis resulting in eosinophilia was induced in TNF knockout and wild-type mice for in vivo studies.
RESULTS:
Eosinophils synthesized heparanase mRNA and contained heparanase in the active (50-kd) and latent (65-kd) forms. Heparanase partially co-localized with and was bound to MBP. No heparanase enzymatic activity was detected in eosinophils resting or activated with various agonists, including GM-CSF/C5a. Eosinophil lysates and MBP inhibited recombinant heparanase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (100%, 2 x 10(-7) mol/L). Eosinophil peroxidase and eosinophil cationic protein, but not myelin basic protein or compound 48/80, partially inhibited heparanase activity. Poly-l-arginine at very high concentrations caused an almost complete inhibition. In allergic peritonitis, heparanase activity in the peritoneal fluid inversely correlated with eosinophil number.
CONCLUSIONS:
MBP is the first identified natural heparanase-inhibiting protein. Its presence in the eosinophil granules might indicate a protective function of these cells in diseases associated with inflammation and cancer progression
The phase response of primary auditory afferents in a songbird (Sturnus vulgaris L.)
No full textThe effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on phase-locking characteristics of cochlear ganglion cells were studied in the starling. All cells showed phase-locking to tone stimuli within their response area. Phase-locking at CF is found on average 9 dB below discharge rate threshold. Phase-locking is best at 0.4 kHz and deteriorates with increasing frequency almost independently of CF. No phase-locking was evident for test frequencies above 3–4 kHz. Phase-locking in cells with CFs above 1.0 kHz is better below CF than at CF. For constant sound pressure, an increase in stimulus frequency always produced an increase in phase lag of the neural response. The phase vs. frequency data obtained at constant sound pressure can be reasonably approximated by straight line functions. The slopes of these functions indicate the latency of the neural response, and are correlated with the CFs of the respective cells; the latency tends to be longer in low-CF cells and shorter in high-CF cells. The latency decreases by 0.04 ms per l dB sound pressure increase. The response phase at CF is nearly stimulus level-independent. Increasing stimulus intensity causes increasing phase lag below CF and decreasing phase lag above CF. These results are compared to findings in other vertebrates and demonstrate the similarities of phase-locking characteristics despite the substantial anatomical differences among the vertebrate groups
Changes in smoking prevalence among first- and second-generation Turkish migrants in Germany: an analysis of the 2005 Microcensus
No full textReeske A, Spallek J, Razum O. Changes in smoking prevalence among first- and second-generation Turkish migrants in Germany: an analysis of the 2005 Microcensus. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2009;8(1):26.Background: Compared to the majority population of a host country, migrants tend to have different health risks and health behaviour. We have hypothesised that these differences diminish with time passed since migration. We tested this hypothesis by examining smoking behaviour among Turkish migrants and their children born in Germany (second-generation migrants), stratified by educational level and, for the first generation, length of residence. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking based on the representative 2005 Mikrozensus, an annual survey including 1% of Germany's households. The 2005 Microcensus was the first to provide information that makes it possible to differentiate between first- and second-generation Turkish migrants. In total, 12,288 Turkish migrants and 421,635 native-born Germans were included in our study. The unit non-response is generally low (about 6% in 2005) because participation in the Microcensus is obligatory. Results: We found the prevalence of smoking in second-generation male Turkish migrants to be lower than in the first-generation group: 47.0% of first-generation Turkish migrants with a high level of education were smokers, in contrast to only 37.6% in the second generation. Within the German reference population, 29.9% were smokers. The percentage of Turkish women in our sample who smoked was generally smaller, but was not significantly lower in the second generation. In fact, the prevalence of smoking was highest among Turkish women of the second generation with a low level of education (40.9%), similar to younger second-generation German women with the same level of education. Conclusion: We present the first representative data on changes in the prevalence of a risk factor for many chronic diseases among Turkish migrants in Germany. Male Turkish migrants (with a high level of education) showed a decrease over the generations while smoking prevalences of female Turkish migrants increased. In the second generation, prevalences partly converged with those of the German reference population or were even higher. Our hypothesis – that migration can be interpreted as a ''health transition'' – was thus partly confirmed
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