44 research outputs found
Electrical Conductivity of the Thermal Dusty Plasma under the Conditions of a Hybrid Plasma Environment Simulation Facility
No full textWe discuss the inductively heated plasma generator (IPG) facility in application to the generation of the thermal dusty plasma formed by the positively charged dust particles and the electrons emitted by them. We develop a theoretical model for the calculation of plasma electrical conductivity under typical conditions of the IPG. We show that the electrical conductivity of dusty plasma is defined by collisions with the neutral gas molecules and by the electron number density. The latter is calculated in the approximations of an ideal and strongly coupled particle system and in the regime of weak and strong screening of the particle charge. The maximum attainable electron number density and corresponding maximum plasma electrical conductivity prove to be independent of the particle emissivity. Analysis of available experiments is performed, in particular, of our recent experiment with plasma formed by the combustion products of a propane–air mixture and the CeO2 particles injected into it. A good correlation between the theory and experimental data points to the adequacy of our approach. Our main conclusion is that a level of the electrical conductivity due to the thermal ionization of the dust particles is sufficiently high to compete with that of the potassium-doped plasmas
Maternal emulsifier consumption leads to mild metabolic impairments at weaning.
No full text(A) Experimental design of maternal emulsifier consumption and offspring collection at weaning. (B) Body length at weaning of male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) and female (n = 13 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (C) Body weight at weaning of male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (D) Epididymal and gWAT weight normalized by total body weight and represented as % of control animals in male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (E) GTT and (F) AUC in male (n = 20 CTRL and n = 19 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (G) ITT and (H) AUC in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 4 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (I) Six–hour fasting blood glucose levels in male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 10 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (J) Plasma insulin levels in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 10 Emul) and female (n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning after 6 h of fasting. (K) Plasma leptin levels in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 8 Emul) and female (n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning after 6 h of fasting. (L) Plasma leptin levels across postnatal development (P7–P10–P13–P21) (P7 n = 6 CTRL and n = 5 Emul; P10 n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul; P13 n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul; P21 n = 8 CTRL and n = 8 Emul) in male offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (M) Peak plasma leptin levels at P10 (n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) in male offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (N) GTT and (O) AUC in female (n = 19 CTRL and n = 21 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (P) ITT and (Q) AUC in female (n = 5 CTRL and n = 5 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (R) Plasma leptin levels across postnatal development (P7–P10–P13–P21) (P7 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P10 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P13 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P21 n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) in female offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. Data in B, G, H, L, M, P, Q, and R are derived from 1 single experiment. Data in C, D, E, F, I, J, K, N, and O are pools from 2 different experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t test in B, C, D, F, H, I, J, K, M, O, and Q and two–way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s post hoc analysis in E, G, N, and P. Panels L and R were analyzed using a two–way ANOVA mixed effects. *p p 10.6084/m9.figshare.22742759. AUC, area under the curve; GTT, glucose tolerance test; gWAT, gonadal white adipose tissue; ITT, insulin tolerance test.</p
TGF-β2 silencing to target biliary-derived liver diseases
No full text\ua9 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Objective: TGF-β2 (TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta), the less-investigated sibling of TGF-β1, is deregulated in rodent and human liver diseases. Former data from bile duct ligated and MDR2 knockout (KO) mouse models for human cholestatic liver disease suggested an involvement of TGF-β2 in biliary-derived liver diseases. Design: As we also found upregulated TGFB2 in liver tissue of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), we now fathomed the positive prospects of targeting TGF-β2 in early stage biliary liver disease using the MDR2-KO mice. Specifically, the influence of TgfB2 silencing on the fibrotic and inflammatory niche was analysed on molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Results: TgfB2-induced expression of fibrotic genes in cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cellswas detected. TgfB2 expression in MDR2-KO mice was blunted using TgfB2-directed antisense oligonucleotides (AON). Upon AON treatment, reduced collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content and αSMA expression as well as induced PparG expression reflected a significant reduction of fibrogenesis without adverse effects on healthy livers. Expression analyses of fibrotic and inflammatory genes revealed AON-specific regulatory effects on Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Mki67 and Notch3 expression. Further, AON treatment of MDR2-KO mice increased tissue infiltration by F4/80-positive cells including eosinophils, whereas the number of CD45-positive inflammatory cells decreased. In line, TGFB2 and CD45 expression correlated positively in PSC/PBC patients and localised in similar areas of the diseased liver tissue. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest a new mechanistic explanation for amelioration of fibrogenesis by TGF-β2 silencing and provide a direct rationale for TGF-β2-directed drug development
Search for the exotic Resonance in 340GeV/c -Nucleus Interactions
No full textWe report on a high statistics search for the resonance in -nucleus collisions at 340GeV/c. No evidence for this resonance is found in our data sample which contains 676000 candidates above background. For the decay channel and the kinematic range 0.150.9 we find a 3 upper limit for the production cross section of 3.1 and 3.5 b per nucleon for reactions with carbon and copper, respectively.We report on a high statistics search for the resonance in -nucleus collisions at 340GeV/c. No evidence for this resonance is found in our data sample which contains 676000 candidates above background. For the decay channel and the kinematic range 0.15<x_F<0.9 we find a 3 upper limit for the production cross section of 3.1 and 3.5 b per nucleon for reactions with carbon and copper, respectively
A measurement of Xi(-) polarization in inclusive production by Sigma(-) of 340 GeV/c in C and Cu targets
No full textWe have measured the polarization of Xi /sup -/ hyperons produced inclusively by a Sigma /sup -/ beam of 340 GeV/c momentum in nuclear targets. From a sample of 880000 identified Xi /sup -/ decays, polarizations were determined in the range 0or=0.3. At fixed values of x/sub F/, its magnitude increases with p/sub t/ to maximum values which reach about 20% at large x/sub F/
Observation of a resonance in the Kp decay channel at a mass of 1765 MeV/c
No full textWe report on the observation of a Kp resonance signal at a mass of 17655 MeV/c, with intrinsic width MeV/c, produced inclusively in -nucleus interactions at 340 GeV/c in the hyperon beam experiment WA89 at CERN. The signal was observed in the kinematic region , in this region its production cross section rises approximately linearly with , reaching per nucleon at . The hard \xf spectrum suggests the presence of a strong leading particle effect in the production and hence the identification as a state. No corresponding peaks were observed in the and mass spectra.We report on the observation of a Kp resonance signal at a mass of 17655 MeV/c, with intrinsic width MeV/c, produced inclusively in -nucleus interactions at 340 GeV/c in the hyperon beam experiment WA89 at CERN. The signal was observed in the kinematic region , in this region its production cross section rises approximately linearly with , reaching per nucleon at . The hard \xf spectrum suggests the presence of a strong leading particle effect in the production and hence the identification as a state. No corresponding peaks were observed in the and mass spectra
A Measurement of Lambda Polarization in Inclusive Production by Sigma- of 340- GeV/c in C and Cu Targets
No full textWe have measured the polarization of Sigma(-) beam of 340 GeV/c momentum in nuclear targets. From a sample of 9.5 millions of identified Lambda decays, polarizations were determined in the range x(F) gt 0.1 and p(t)less than or equal to1.6 GeV/c . The polarization w.r.t. the production normal is mainly positive for x(F)greater than or equal to0.3. At fixed values of x(F) , it increases with p(t) to a maximum between p(t)=0.5 and p(t)=1 GeV/c , and then decreases to zero or even negative values, in sharp contrast to the plateau above p(t)=1 GeV/c observed in inclusive Lambda production by protons
Production of V-0 pairs in the hyperon experiment WA89
No full textWe present a comprehensive study of the inclusive production of pairs () by and of 340 GeV/c momentum and neutrons of 260 GeV/c mean momentum in copper and carbon targets. In particular, the dependence of the spectra on the combination of beam-particle and produced pair is investigated and compared to predictions obtained from PYTHIA and QSGM calculations. The data and these predictions differ in many details, the agreement can at best be termed as qualitative. A signal from decays of the tensor meson (1525) was observed in the K_S K_S mass distribution and inclusive production cross sections were measured. No signal was found from the double-strange H-dibaryon decaying to
Search for the pentaquark candidate (1540) in the hyperon beam experiment WA89
No full textWe report on a high-statistics search for the \t1540 resonance in -nucleus collisions at 340 \gevc1 . No evidence for this resonance was found in our data sample which contains 13 millions decays above background. For the decay channel and the kinematic range 0.05 we find the production cross section to be 0.05 we find the production cross section to be 1.8 b per nucleon at 99% CL
