252 research outputs found
Could you have said no? A mixed-methods investigation of consent to HIV tests in four African countries
No full textIntroduction: Although most studies report high frequencies of consent to HIV tests, critics argue that clients are subject to pressure, that acceptors later indicate they could not have refused, and that provider-initiated HIV testing raises serious ethical issues. We examine the meaning of consent and why clients think they could not have refused. Methods: Clients in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda were asked about consenting to HIV tests, whether they thought they could have refused and why. Textual responses were analyzed using qualitative and statistical methods. Results: Among 926 respondents, 77percent reported they could not have said no, but in fact, 60percent actively consented to test, 24percent had no objection and only 7percent tested without consent. There were few significant associations between categories of consent and their covariates. Conclusions: Retrospectively asking clients if they could have refused to test for HIV overestimates coercion. Triangulating qualitative and quantitative data suggests a considerable degree of agency. © 2014 Obermeyer CM et al; licensee International AIDS Society.Angotti N, 2011, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V26, P307, DOI 10.1093-heapol-czq066; Angotti N, 2009, SOC SCI MED, V68, P2263, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2009.02.041; Appelbaum PS, 2009, HASTINGS CENT REP, V39, P30; Baggaley R, 2012, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V90, P652, DOI 10.2471-BLT.11.100818; Bayer R, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V355, P647, DOI 10.1056-NEJMp068153; Groves AK, 2010, AIDS CARE, V22, P538, DOI 10.1080-09540120903311508; Gruskin S, 2008, DEV WORLD BIOETH, V8, P23, DOI 10.1111-j.1471-8847.2007.00222.x; Guenter Dale, 2008, J Obstet Gynaecol Can, V30, P17; Hensen B, 2012, TROP MED INT HEALTH, V17, P59, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-3156.2011.02893.x; Jurgens R, 2007, INCREASING ACCESS HI; Karim QA, 1998, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V88, P637; Kass Nancy E, 2005, IRB, V27, P1, DOI 10.2307-3563534; Larsson EC, 2012, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V27, P69, DOI 10.1093-heapol-czr009; Mandava A, 2012, J MED ETHICS, V38, P356, DOI 10.1136-medethics-2011-100178; Marshall PA, 2006, J EMPIR RES HUM RES, V1, P25, DOI 10.1525-jer.2006.1.1.25; Njeru MK, 2011, BMC HEALTH SERV RES, V11, DOI 10.1186-1472-6963-11-87; Obermeyer CM, 2007, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V97, P1762, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.2006.096263; Obermeyer CM, 2012, PLOS MED, V9, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.1001329; Obermeyer CM, 2013, BMC INT HEALTH HUM R, V13, DOI 10.1186-1472-698X-13-6; QSR, 2011, N VIV 9 2; Rujumba J, 2013, BMC HEALTH SERV RES, V13, DOI 10.1186-1472-6963-13-189; StataCorp, 2009, STAT STAT SOFTW REL; Ujiji OA, 2011, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V11, DOI 10.1186-1471-2458-11-151; Weiser SD, 2006, PLOS MED, V3, P1013, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.003026110
Symptoms, menopause status, and country differences: A comparative analysis from DAMES
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate reported frequencies of menopausal symptoms among women in four countries, namely Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, and the United States, and to assess the relative role of menopause status, country of residence, and other factors in explaining differences in symptomatology. DESIGN: Surveys of representative samples of approximately 300 women aged 45 to 55 years in each site were conducted, using an instrument that includes demographic, health, and menopausal variables, in addition to perceptions and attitudes toward menopause. Statistical and textual analyses are used to examine differentials and the factors that influence them. RESULTS: The burden of symptoms and the frequencies of symptoms differ across sites, but hot flashes are reported everywhere by just under one half of the respondents. The most frequent symptoms are joint pain, fatigue, impatience-nervousness, sleep disturbances, memory loss, and one or more emotional symptoms. Menopause status is significantly associated with hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms and to a lesser extent with emotional and sexual symptoms. Smoking, schooling, employment, and age are also associated with the frequency of selected symptoms. Country of residence influences reported symptoms over and above other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Similarities among core symptoms and differences in the expression of symptoms were found across sites. Both biological (menopause status) and cultural (country of residence) variables influence symptomatology. ©2007The North American Menopause Society.Anderson Debra, 2004, Nurs Health Sci, V6, P173, DOI 10.1111-j.1442-2018.2004.00190.x; Avis Nancy E, 2005, Am J Med, V118 Suppl 12B, P37, DOI 10.1016-j.amjmed.2005.09.057; Avis NE, 2003, MED CARE, V41, P1262, DOI 10.1097-01.MLR.0000093479.39115.AF; AVIS NE, 1993, BAILLIERE CLIN ENDOC, V7, P17, DOI 10.1016-S0950-351X(05)80268-X; BELL SE, 1987, SOC SCI MED, V24, P535, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(87)90343-1; Blumel JE, 2006, MENOPAUSE, V13, P706, DOI 10.1097-01.gme.0000227338.73738.2d; BOULET MJ, 1994, MATURITAS, V19, P157, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(94)90068-X; Cohen LS, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P385, DOI 10.1001-archpsyc.63.4.385; Crawford SL, 2000, MENOPAUSE, V7, P96, DOI 10.1097-00042192-200007020-00005; Dennerstein L, 2004, MENOPAUSE, V11, P778, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000138544.50670.CC; FLINT M, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V592, P134; Ford K, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P308, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000163869.89878.D9; FREEMAN EW, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P378; Guthrie JR, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P460, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000155200.80687.BE; Hardy R, 2005, BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY, V112, P346, DOI 10.1111-j.147-0528.2004.00348.x; Jasienska G, 2005, WOMEN HEALTH ISS, V15, P145, DOI 10.1016-j.whi.2005.02.002; KAUFERT P, 1986, SOC SCI MED, V22, P1285, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(86)90196-6; KAUFERT P, 1981, SOC SCI MED-MED PSYC, V15, P173, DOI 10.1016-0271-5384(81)90011-9; Lee C, 2004, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V28, P144, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-842X.2004.tb00928.x; Lindenbaum S., 1993, KNOWLEDGE POWER PRAC; Lock M, 1998, PSYCHOSOM MED, V60, P410; Loh FH, 2005, MATURITAS, V52, P169, DOI 10.1016-j.maturitas.2004.11.004; LUOTO R, 1994, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V139, P64; Matthews KA, 2001, INT J OBESITY, V25, P863, DOI 10.1038-sj.ijo.0801618; MCKINLAY SM, 1992, MATURITAS, V14, P103, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(92)90003-M; Melby MK, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P250, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000146108.27840.D9?; Melby MK, 2005, HUM REPROD UPDATE, V11, P495, DOI 10.1093-humupd-dmi018; Obermeyer CM, 2004, MENOPAUSE, V11, P456, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000109318.11228.DA; Obermeyer CM, 1999, MATURITAS, V33, P249; Obermeyer CM, 2005, MATURITAS, V52, P190, DOI 10.1016-j.maturitas.2005.01.011; Obermeyer CM, 2002, MATURITAS, V41, P87, DOI 10.1016-S0378-5122(01)00289-4; PARAZZINI F, 1992, MATURITAS, V15, P141, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(92)90248-3; *QSR INT PTY LTD, 2002, N6 NONN UNSTR DAT IN; Randolph JF, 2005, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V90, P6106, DOI 10.1210-jc.2005-1374; Reynolds RF, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P331, DOI 10.1002-ajhb.20121; Reynolds RF, 2001, ANN HUM BIOL, V28, P21; Shinberg DS, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V46, P1381, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)10085-5; Sievert Lynnette Leidy, 2005, J Cross Cult Gerontol, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007-s10823-005-9087-3; Sievert LL, 2007, MENOPAUSE, V14, P798, DOI 10.1097-gme.0b013e31804f8175; Sievert LL, 2006, MENOPAUSE BIOCULTURA; SPSS for Windows, 2005, SPSS WIND39414
Review of \u3ci\u3eDelaware Tribe in a Cherokee Nation\u3c/i\u3e by Brice Obermeyer
No full textThe federal acknowledgment process is a highly contested procedure under the best of circumstances. For the Delaware Tribe of Oklahoma the negotiations to establish their national identity while living within the physical boundaries of the Cherokee Nation continue to divide its members and challenge modern interpretations of enrollment. Brice Obermeyer, a cultural anthropologist at Emporia State University and NAGPRA representative for the Delaware Tribe, provides a comprehensive discussion of this historic relationship.
Obermeyer summarizes the histories that brought the Cherokees and Delawares to eastern Oklahoma and the legal efforts to establish an independent Delaware identity since the 1867 Cherokee-Delaware Agreement. He argues that the Delawares are not culturally or historically related to the Cherokees despite the legally imposed Cherokee identity. In perhaps his most nuanced argument, Obermeyer argues that the signing of the 1867 agreement was divisive and reflected a schism within the kin-based groups of Delaware who relocated after 1829 from the White River region in Indiana. The schism, broadly defined, fell along lines of those Delawares who became Christians and those who continued to honor the Big House ceremony. In what Obermeyer describes as a veiled Delaware cultural geography, he analyzes Delaware settlement patterns within the Cherokee lands. While both lineages resisted being subsumed ethnically as Cherokee, the author suggests that these divisions informed the expression of that resistance
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Link to publication Citation for published version (APA)
No full textDo support groups members disclose less to their partners? The dynamics of HIV disclosure in four African countries Hardon, A.P.; Gomez, G.B.; Vernooij, E.E.; Desclaux, A.; Wanyenze, R.K.; Ky-Zerbo, O.; Kageha, E.; Namakhoma, I.; Kinsman, J.; Spronk, C.E.; Meij, E.J.; Neuman, M.; Obermeyer, C.M
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its interpretation in terms of stresses in the lithosphere
No full textElectromagnetic radiation (EMR) as
measured at the surface of the lithosphere
or underground shows preferred orientations, which can be related to microcracks
and other brittle structures at
micro and nano scales (see Bahat et al.
2005 and references therein). During
the last years, numerous studies showed
the applicability of EMR measurements
for the determination of active fractures
and stress orientations. EMR is determined
with a ‘Cerescope’, which picks
up EMR signals at frequencies from 5–
50 kHz (Obermeyer, 2005) with a ferrite
aerial and processes them electronically
so that the results can be displayed on
a screen or copied to a computer.
With the help of oriented EMR measurements,
intensity variations are determined,
which can be related to preferred
crack fracture orientations. From
this information, orientations of the
principal stresses can be calculated. In
addition, the intensity of the EMR
is related to stress magnitudes...conferenc
Differences between old and young adults’ ability to recognize human faces underlie processing of horizontal information
No full textRecent psychophysical research supports the notion that horizontal information of a face is primarily important for facial identity processes. Even though this has been demonstrated to be valid for young adults, the concept of horizontal information as primary informative source has not yet been applied to older adults’ ability to correctly identify faces. In the current paper, the role different filtering methods might play in an identity processing task is examined for young and old adults, both taken from student populations. Contrary to most findings in the field of developmental face perception, only a near-significant age effect is apparent in upright and un-manipulated presentation of stimuli, whereas a bigger difference between age groups can be observed for a condition which removes all but horizontal information of a face. It is concluded that a critical feature of human face perception, the preferential processing of horizontal information, is less efficient past the age of 60 and is involved in recognition processes that undergo age-related decline usually found in the literature
Obermeyer, Anne (Death, 1866-02-08)
No full textAddress: 122 AbigailAge at death: 3 yrs828/Pg.20/1866/F W S/Cinti, O/Dr./F. H./Cem.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'NORDMANN-O'BRIEN'
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Development and Application of Oxidative Coupling Bioconjugation Reactions with ortho-Aminophenols
No full textThe synthetic modification of proteins plays an important role in the fields of chemical biology and biomaterials science. As applications of protein-based materials continue to become more complex, improved methods for the covalent modification of proteins are needed. Although many methods for the modification of native and artificial amino acids exist, they often require long reaction times or lengthy syntheses of reactive substrates. This work describes the development and application of a suite of bioconjugation reactions that utilize ortho-aminophenols. The oxidative coupling of aniline residues with o-aminophenol substrates was optimized. Potassium ferricyanide was identified as an alternative, mild oxidant for this coupling. These new conditions enabled the use of the oxidative coupling reaction in the presence of free cysteines and glycoslated substrates. Aminophenols were also discovered to react with native residues on protein substrates in addition to artificial aniline moieties. Cysteine and the N-terminus were identified as the reactive residues. The oxidative coupling of o-aminophenols with the N-terminus was optimized to achieve high levels of modification on peptide and protein substrates. The oxidative coupling of anilines and o-aminophenols was applied to the synthesis of a targeted, virus-like particle and to the detection of protein tyrosine-nitration. Overall, these updated and novel oxidative coupling methods expand the utility ortho-aminophenols for the modification of proteins
Obermeyer, William (Death, 1866-02-23)
No full textAddress: 122 AbigailAge at death: 1 yr60/Pg 24/1866/M W S/Cinti, O/Dr./F. H./Cem.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'NORDMANN-O'BRIEN'
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