33 research outputs found
Research of Physical Processes for a Three Channel Transformer-Rectifier Unit with Series Connection of Primary Windings TRU-18(P)
No full textResearch of Physical Processes for Two Channel Transformer-Rectifier Unit in Series Connection of Primary Windings TRU-12(P)
No full textThe use of social media for promoting nutrition in a conflict-affected country: Facebook Insights
No full textIn Myanmar, exclusive breastfeeding amongst infants under six months is only 51%, although overall breastfeeding rate is almost universal at 98%. Only 16% of children aged 6 – 23 months meet the minimum acceptable dietary standards. In addition, 58% of children aged 6 – 59 months and 47% of women aged 15 – 45 years are anaemic (1) . A Facebook page named “Dohmeetharsulay” was launched by a team of Burmese nutritionists and nurses (who also served as page administrators), in June 2019, aiming to contribute to closing the maternal and child nutrition promotion gap. A military coup happened on 1 st February 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic (2) causing unrest, armed conflicts, and increasing the strain on the country’s health system. The military junta then imposed internet and media restrictions, including banning the use of Facebook (3) . The aim of this study is to explore the important role of using social media in nutrition education in a challenging context by measuring engagement with the programme. Meta, previously known as Facebook, provides automatically calculated social media insight data on indicators such as page’s reach, audience demography and posts performance. Data for a three-year period, from 1 March 2021 (which is one month after the coup) to 29 February 2024, was reviewed and analysed numerically by the administrator team led by the main author (who is a nutritionist), to understand the page’s reach and overall performance in achieving its objective of promoting nutrition.The Dohmeetharsulay page had 2.6 million reaches, during the study period; with only 121,171 from paid promotion. The page had 45,300 lifetime followers (82.6% women and 17.4% men). Myanmar was the top country represented by 86.5% of total followers followed by Thailand (5.8%), Malaysia (1.7%), Singapore (1.1%), United States (0.7%), India (0.5%), Japan (0.4%), China (0.3%), Indonesia (0.3%) and Nigeria (0.3%). The contents received 172,500 engagements including reactions, comments, shares and clicks on the posts. Several authors have suggested that the use of social media has potential to improve positive health and nutrition behaviours, especially in hard-to-reach groups (4) . Dohmeetharsuly is the only social media page dedicated to promoting evidence-based nutrition knowledge in the Burmese language, without any commercial influence. Despite the challenges and restrictions under the dictatorship, the data indicated that the page continued to communicate nutrition messages to the intended audience. Although further investigations are needed, it can be assumed that educational messages from the page have been benefiting families who have migrated or are displaced from Myanmar, in addition to the families inside Myanmar. Thus, the use of social media has an important role in providing nutrition education for families especially in places like Myanmar where reach of traditional health communication is limited due to conflict
Food Avoidance Taboos During Breastfeeding Are Widespread and Associated With Large Declines in Maternal Dietary Diversity in Myanmar
Full text linkBackground: Maternal food avoidance practices during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been documented in several Asian countries, but their prevalence and impacts on dietary diversity are not well quantified.Objectives: This study: 1) assessed the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding in Myanmar; 2) explored the correlates of women’s food avoidance beliefs as well as mother’s stated rationales for avoiding specific foods; and 3) assessed how minimum dietary diversity of women (MDD-W) pertaining to mothers changed from pregnancy to postpartum/breastfeeding.Methods: We added a novel nutrition module to a nationally representative survey (N ¼ 12,353) in Myanmar to estimate the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding and resurveyed a subsample of mothers (N ¼ 155) to understand avoidance of specific foods. We then used a high-frequency panel of mothers in Yangon (N ¼ 3541) to assess how MDD-W changed from pregnancy topostpartum/breastfeeding, employing mother fixed-effects regressions.Results: Forty percent of adult women in Myanmar believe that breastfeeding mothers should avoid at least one food group that nutritionists would typically define as a healthy (e.g., vegetables and fruits). Regression analysis indicated these beliefs were less prevalent among women with more education and nutritional knowledge and with exposure to nutrition counseling from community health workers.Mothers rationalized food avoidance by referring to a variety of perceived maternal and child health risks. MDD-W pertaining to mothers in the Yangon panel fell by 43 percentage points from pregnancy to the first month after birth, including significant declines in 8 of the 10 MDD-W food groups. MDD-W remained significantly lower 6 mo after birth than during pregnancy.Conclusions: Food avoidance taboos during breastfeeding pose a potentially serious risk of micronutrient deficiencies for mothers andinfants and warrant more extensive monitoring in nutrition surveys and more research on how to redress these nutritionally harmful beliefsand practices
Food avoidance taboos during breastfeeding are widespread and associated with large declines in maternal dietary diversity in Myanmar
No full textBackground
Maternal food avoidance practices during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been documented in several Asian countries, but their prevalence and impacts on dietary diversity are not well quantified.
Objectives
This study: (1) assessed the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding in Myanmar; (2) explored the correlates of women’s food avoidance beliefs as well as mother’s stated rationales for avoiding specific foods; and (3) assessed how minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) of mothers changed from pregnancy to postpartum/breastfeeding.
Methods
We added a novel nutrition module to a nationally representative survey (N=12,353) in Myanmar to estimate the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding and re-surveyed a subsample of mothers (N=155) to understand avoidance of specific foods. We then used a high-frequency panel of mothers in Yangon (N=3,541) to assess how MDD-W changed from pregnancy to postpartum/breastfeeding using mother fixed effects regressions.
Results
40 percent of adult women in Myanmar believe breastfeeding mothers should avoid at least one food group that nutritionists would typically define as a healthy (e.g. vegetables, fruits). Regression analysis indicated these beliefs were less prevalent among women with more education and nutritional knowledge, and with exposure to nutrition counselling from community health workers. Mothers rationalized food avoidance by referring to a variety of perceived maternal and child health risks. MDD-W of mothers in the Yangon panel fell by 43 percentage points from pregnancy to the first month after birth, including significant declines in eight of the ten MDD-W food groups. MDD-W remained significantly lower up to six months after birth than during pregnancy.
Conclusions
Food avoidance taboos during breastfeeding pose a potentially serious risk of micronutrient deficiencies for mothers and infants and warrant more extensive monitoring in nutrition surveys and more research on how to redress these nutritionally harmful beliefs and practices
OC49 - The use of social media for promoting nutrition in a conflict-affected country: Facebook Insights
No full textShould human papillomavirus vaccination target women over age 26, heterosexual men and men who have sex with men? A targeted literature review of cost-effectiveness.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for young women up to age 26 is highly cost-effective and has been implemented in 65 countries globally. We investigate the cost-effectiveness for HPV vaccination program in older women (age > 26 years), heterosexual men and men who have sex with men (MSM). METHOD: A targeted literature review was conducted on PubMed for publications between January 2000 and January 2017 according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included English-language articles that reported the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of HPV vaccination programs for women over age 26, heterosexual men, and MSM and identified the underlying factors for its cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: We included 36 relevant articles (six, 26 and four in older women, heterosexual men and MSM, respectively) from 17 countries (12 high-income (HICs) and five low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries). Most (4/6) studies in women over age 26 did not show cost-effectiveness (19,600-52,800/QALY gained in HICs; 15,000-$43,000/QALY gained), particularly in MSM age < 40 years and those who were HIV-positive. Countries' vaccination coverage did not significantly correlate with its per-capita Gross National Income. CONCLUSION: Targeted HPV vaccination for MSM should be next priority in HPV prevention after having established a solid girls vaccination programme. Vaccination for heterosexual men should be considered when 2-dose 4vHPV/9vHPV vaccines become available with a reduced price, whereas targeted vaccination for women over age 26 is unlikely to be cost-effective
Investigation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Bogalay Township, Myanmar in 1999
Full text linkAn investigation was in Nyi-naung-wa village, Bogalay township for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection and the possibility of a JE outbreak. JE virus antibody was determined among the pigs and the people living near the pig farms in that village and at an adjacent village as a control. The known JE virus vector Culex mosquito species were also identified in both villages. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) methods were used for the detectioon of JE and dengue antibodies. Homotypic or monotypic JE antibodies were detected in 33% of the pigs tested. No homotypic nor monotypic JE antibodis was detected among the villagers. Although there was no JE virus infection among the people, because of the presence of JE virus infection among the pigs and the presence of Culex mosquito vector in that area, the possibility of a JE outbreak in humans in that area, if the number of pig breeding per household increase and the mosquito density become higher is discussed
Modelling the Epidemiological Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of PrEP for HIV Transmission in MSM in China
Full text linkRisk of HIV infection is high in Chinese MSM, with an annual HIV incidence ranging from 3.41 to 13.7/100 person-years. Tenofovir-based PrEP is effective in preventing HIV transmission in MSM. This study evaluates the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing PrEP in Chinese MSM over the next two decades. A compartmental model for HIV was used to forecast the impact of PrEP on number of infections, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted. We also provide an estimate of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and the cost per DALY averted of the intervention. Without PrEP, there will be 1.1–3.0 million new infections and 0.7–2.3 million HIV-related deaths in the next two decades. Moderate PrEP coverage (50%) would prevent 0.17–0.32 million new HIV infections. At Truvada’s current price in China, daily oral PrEP costs 25,057–27,838 per DALY averted, marginally cost-effective; daily generic tenofovir-based regimens further reduce ICER to $3675–8963, wholly cost-effective. The cost of daily oral Truvada PrEP regimen would need to be reduced by half to achieve cost-effectiveness and realize the public health good of preventing hundreds of thousands of HIV infections among MSM in China.</p
Investigation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Bogalay Township, Myanmar in 1999
Full text linkAn investigation was in Nyi-naung-wa village, Bogalay township for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection and the possibility of a JE outbreak. JE virus antibody was determined among the pigs and the people living near the pig farms in that village and at an adjacent village as a control. The known JE virus vector Culex mosquito species were also identified in both villages. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) methods were used for the detectioon of JE and dengue antibodies. Homotypic or monotypic JE antibodies were detected in 33% of the pigs tested. No homotypic nor monotypic JE antibodis was detected among the villagers. Although there was no JE virus infection among the people, because of the presence of JE virus infection among the pigs and the presence of Culex mosquito vector in that area, the possibility of a JE outbreak in humans in that area, if the number of pig breeding per household increase and the mosquito density become higher is discussed.熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 42(2). p47-52, 2000departmental bulletin pape
