1,720,957 research outputs found
Adgangen til å behandle opplysninger ved bruk av informasjonskapsler
Get PDFEtter dagens rettskildebilde er det etablert en streng linje for hvordan en tilbyder lovlig kan behandle opplysninger om juridiske og fysiske personer ved bruk av informasjonskapsler. Dette har bakgrunn i kravene knyttet til den tekniske, innholdsmessige og visuelle utformingen av en informasjonskapsel. I norsk rett er den unntaksvise adgang til å behandle opplysninger ved bruk av informasjonskapsler regulert i lov om elektronisk kommunikasjon (ekomloven) § 2-7b. Bestemmelsen bygger på cookie-bestemmelsen nedfelt i ePrivacy-direktivet Artikkel 5 (3). Etter gjeldende rett er eneste legitime behandlingsgrunnlag for å behandle opplysninger ved bruk av informasjonskapsler å hente inn et frivillig og informert samtykke. Imidlertid, på bakgrunn av stadig nye teknologiske utviklinger, tilveksten av nye tilbydere og nye markedsføringsmodeller er ikke lenger dagens regelverk tilstrekkelig for å ivareta personvernet til den enkelte bruker. På bakgrunn av dette er det både etter nasjonal og internasjonal rett satt igang en moderniseringsprosess. Adgangen til å behandle opplysninger ved bruk av informasjonskapsler er fremmet i ny ekomlov § 3-7 som bygger på direktiv 2002/58/EC Artikkel 5 (2). Samtidig er det i EU fremmet forslag til ny kommunikasjonsvernforordning som i tillegg til samtykke vil åpne for andre, alternative, behandlingsgrunnlag.According to the current legal source picture, a strict line has been established for how a provider can legally process information about legal and natural persons using cookies. This has a background in the requirements relating to the technical, content and visual design of a cookie. In Norwegian law, the exceptional right to process information through the use of cookies is regulated in the Electronic Communications Act (ekomloven) § 2-7b. The provision is based on the cookie provision laid down in the ePrivacy Directive Article 5 (3). According to current law, the only legitimate processing basis for processing information using cookies is to obtain a voluntary and informed consent. However, against the background of constantly new technological developments, the growth of new providers and new marketing models, the current regulations are no longer sufficient to safeguard the privacy of the individual user. Based on this, a modernization process has been initiated both according to national and international law. The right to process information through the use of cookies is advanced in the new ekomlov § 3-7 which is based on directive 2002/58/EC Article 5 (2). At the same time, proposals have been put forward in the EU for a new Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communication which, in addition to consent, will open up other, alternative, grounds for processing
Arbitrability of Data Protection Disputes: Personal Data, Personalized Justice?
Get PDFThis article explores the interplay between international arbitration and data subject compensation claims under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The analysis focuses on the validity and enforcement of arbitration agreements and the resulting awards. The article argues that despite potential skepticism, arbitration can offer significant benefits to data subjects, and that compensation claims under the GDPR should be considered arbitrable under the New York Convention and CJEU case law. The article further argues that EU courts have a duty to refer disputes to arbitration, and that the mandatory provisions of EU law have limited means of interfering with this duty. Furthermore, it establishes that the misapplication of GDPR provisions does not automatically justify the denial of arbitral award recognition. The article argues that this is a natural extension of trust traditionally shown to arbitrators, and that such trust should not be easily cast aside.Arbitrability of Data Protection Disputes: Personal Data, Personalized Justice?acceptedVersio
Licensing of User-Generated Content: How Online Platforms Exploit Users’ Copyrighted Works
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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