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ANALISIS NEODIMIUM MENGGUNAKAN METODA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Full text linkANALISIS NEODIMIUM MENGGUNAKAN METODA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS. Neodimium adalah jenis isotop yang dapat digunakan sebagai monitor penentuan derajat bakar (burn up), selain itu neodimium adalah unsur-unsur yang sering terdapat dalam logam tanah jarang sehingga mempelajari metoda analisis untuk penentuan unsur ini adalah cukup penting. Salah satu metoda yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan unsur tersebut adalah metoda spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian tentang bagaimana melakukan analisis unsur neodimium menggunakankan metoda Spekterofotometri UV-Vis dan parameter yang mempengaruhi hasil analisis. Hasil pengujian akan diterapkan pada analisis unsur Nd yang terdapat dalam logam tanah jarang dan pada analisis fision product untuk penentuaan burn up. Telah diperoleh parameter analisis untuk menganalisis neodimium dengan konsentrasi sampel berkisar dari 1 ppm hingga 7 ppm dengan tingkat keasaman larutan pada pH 3,5 dan konsentrasi pengomplek 0, 1 % serta waktu analisis kurang dari 30 menit. Analisis dapat diterima dengan persen akurasi berkisar antara 96,73% sampai 99,86% dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Kata kunci : Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, Neodimium, Arsenazo II
Pengukuran Aktivitas Isotop 152eu Dalam Sampel Uji Profisiensi Menggunakan Spektrometer Gamma
Full text linkPENGUKURAN AKTIVITAS ISOTOP 152Eu DALAM SAMPEL UJI PROFISIENSI MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROMETER GAMMA. Telah dilakukan pengukuran isotop 152Eu dalam sampel uji menggunakan spektrometer gamma dalam rangka mengikuti kegiatan uji profisiensi dilaboratorium IRM yang diadakan oleh Pusat Teknologi Keselamatan dan Metrologi Radiasi (PTKMR). Kegiatan Uji profisiensi ini diikuti dengan melakukan pengukuran isotop 152Eu terhadap 2 sampel uji yang dikirim oleh PTKMR. Dari pengukuran tersebut diperoleh besar aktivitas sampel uji 1 rerata sebesar 2,59E+04 Bq dengan standar deviasi 2,78E+02, dan untuk sampel uji 2 diperoleh aktivitas rerata sebesar 4,10E+04 dengan standar deviasi 6,12E+02. Hasil pengukuran dapat diterima karena penyimpangan hasil pengukuran yang digambarkan dengan nilai standar deviasi cukup kecil yaitu 1,07% untuk sampel uji 1 dan 1,49% untuk sampel uji 2, Penyimpangan yang diperoleh dibawah 5 %, sehingga pengukuran dapat diterima dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Sesuai dengan laporan hasil uji profisiensi oleh PTKMR hasil perhitungan aktivitas sampel tersebut dinyatakan inlier
THE KINETIC AND DIFUSSION ION EXCHANGE OF Cs ON ZEOLITE BAYAH, LAMPUNG, AND TASIKMALAYA
Full text linkThe ion exchange of Cs on NH4-Zeolite which has been activated become a zeolite monocation has been conducted on natural zeolite from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya. On these three types of zeolite, the process of ion exchange of Cs with ammonium ion was conducted at various time (from 1 hour up to 24 hours) and temperature (303 K and 323 K). Cation exchange kinetics and diffusion process on each type of zeolite was observed and calculated the parameters included diffusion coefficient and activation energy using Arrhenius formula. The study showed that diffusion coefficient from Cs-ions into zeolite of Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya almost same, which is about 2,3 10-13 , 2,3 10-13 and 2,1 10-13 m2.det.-1 at temperature 303 K, and 9,3 10-14, 9,6 10-14, and 9,6 10-14 m2.det.-1 at temperature 323 K. The parameter calculation result of ion exchange reaction is activation energy Ea (kJ/mol) on that types of zeolite are almost same value, which is 36.61, 36.61, and 31.09 for each zeolite of Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya. The study showed that Ea value was greater than the previous study by using artificial zeolite (zeolit-A with Ea = 9,96 kJ/mol), so it can be concluded that Cs-ions exchange into natural zeolite has a greater barrier because the composition of natural zeolite more complex which was might contain more than one types of zeolite structure
PENGARUH PENGOTOR PADA PENENTUAN BORON DALAM U3O8 MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFLUOROMETRI LUMINESEN
Full text linkABSTRAK PENGARUH PENGOTOR PADA PENENTUAN BORON DALAM U3O8 MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFLUOROMETRI LUMINESEN. Kandungan Boron yang terdapat dalam bahan bakar nuklir U3O8 sangat rendah, sehingga untuk menganalisisnya diperlukan alat analisis yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menentukan unsur berkadar rendah. Dalam hal ini analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat spektrofluorometri luminesen. Adanya unsur-unsur pengotor lain seperti Fe, Ni, Cr, Zr, Mo, Si, dan Cd dalam bahan bakar nuklir U3O8 diduga akan berpengaruh pada pengukuran intensitas fluoresen boron. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh unsur-unsur pengotor Fe, Ni, Cr, Zr, Mo, Si, dan Cd terhadap pengukuran intensitas fluoresen boron. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unsur pengotor Fe berpengaruh terhadap penurunan intensitas hingga mencapai 89,92 % bila konsentrasi pengotor Fe 100 ppm. Untuk unsur Zr, Cr, Mo, Cd dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 100 ppm, penurunan intensitas tidak terlalu besar yaitu 6,60%, 8,99%, 13,41%, dan 8,24%. Sebaliknya pengotor Si mempengaruhi pada kenaikan intensitas fluoresen boron,, kenaikan intensitas mencapai 17,33 % untuk konsentrasi Si 25ppm. Unsur Ni berpengaruh pada kenaikan dan penurunan intensitas fluoresen boron, kenaikan intensitas 4,30%-7,70% terjadi pada kandungan Ni 5ppm dan penurunan intensitas sebesar 3,70%-19,41% terjadi pada kandungan Ni diatas 30 ppm. Kata kunci: U3O8, boron, spektrofluorometri luminesen ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF IMPURITIES ON THE DETERMINATION OF BORON IN U3O8 USING SPECTROFLUOROMETRY LUMINESENCE METHOD. The content of Boron that exist in U3O8 nuclear fuel is low, so that to analysis it needed equipment which has ability to determine low content element. In the case, analysis were performed by using luminesence spectrofluorometry. However, on existence of the impurities such as Fe, Si, Ni, Zr, Cr, Mo and Cd in U3O8 nuclear fuel was predicted influence the measurement of Boron fluoresence intensity. Therefore it was nesessary to do a research to understand the influence of impurities such as Fe, Si, Ni, Zr, Cr, Mo and Cd on the measurement of Boron fluoresence intensity. The analysis results showed that impurity of Fe influenced the decrease of intensity. The decrease of Fe intensity reached 89,92 % if concentration of Fe impurity was 100 ppm. For Zr, Cr, Mo, Cd with each concentration 100 ppm, its decrease of their intensity were not so big namely 6,60 %, 8,99%, 13,41 %, and 8,24 %. On the other, Si impurity influence was an increasing of boron fluoresence intensity. The increasing of intensity reached 17,33 % for Si concentration 25 ppm. The Ni element influences on increacing and decreasing of boron fluoresence intensity. The increase of intensity 4,3 % – 7,70 % occurred at Ni content from 5 ppm to 30 ppm, which the decreasing of intensity 3,7–19,41 % occurred at Ni content above 30 ppm. Keywords: U3O8, boron, Spectrofluorometry Luminescenc
ANALYSIS OF ISOTOPE Cs ON PROCESSING SEPARATION OF Cs AND ZEOLITE USING SPECTROMETRY-γ
Full text linkThe analysis of Cs-isotope was conducted on separation process of Cs 137 isotope using a Lampung zeolite. Analysis of Cs based on modification of ASTM E320-79 method. Modification process including a Cs separation by extraction using a TBP/OK and by direct sedimentation as CsClO4, which was subsequently applied using a zeolite. Cs-isotope measurement was conducted using spectrometer γ. The result of Cs 137 analysis through the direct sedimentation with zeolite obtained about 86,40% ± 0,1%, while the analysis of Cs-137 by extraction modification separated process which followed by catching zeolite obtained a recovery about 28,05% ± 5,28%, and by modification precipation process with ASM obtained a recovery about 52,55% ± 1,11%
Cs ION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF ZEOLITE BAYAH, LAMPUNG, AND TASIKMALAYA
Full text linkCs ions
exchange process has been conducted on natural zeolite (from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya) which
was activated with ammonium chloride. NH4-zeolite which was formed, is used to exchanger or absorber
material of Cs ions. The duration of ions exchange process was optimized by varying the stirring time of 1
hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 24 hours. In all three zeolite types was obtained the
optimization process time are the contact time of 1 hours. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of natural zeolite
was determined by standard methods. Attempts to obtain a monocation zeolite as a NH4-zeolite effectively
acquired about 88% which used as a exchanger or absorber Cs ions. The effectiveness of Cs ions Cation
exchange capacity with the ammonium was determined by batch-exchange for 1 hour. The calculation result
o effectiveness CEC-Cs are 1.4269 Meq/gram ± 0.0397, RSD: 2.79% for Bayah zeolite, 1.4476 Meq/gram
± 0.0103, RSD: 0.71% for Lampung zeolite, 1.4044 Meq/gram ± 0.0050, RSD: 0.36% for Tasikmalaya
zeolite. Stability of Cs-zeolte bond against heat treatment was tested at temperature of 25°, 300°, 600 °,
900°, and 1200 °C. The result showed that the relea se of Cs-ions is not significant from zeolite structure.
The heating below 900°C, the release of Cs-ions jus t occurs on the surface (it was not change the initial of
zeolite structure), whereas above that temperature was occurs the changed of zeolite structure, although
there was not visible the release of Cs-ions on leaching process at the water. The conclusion is all three
types of natural zeolite was potentially to be used as Cs-ions isolate which is especially useful to absorbing
Cs-radioactive isotope as a result from fission of nuclear fuel element
Ketidakpastian Pengukuran Isotop Cs-137 dalam Bahan Bakar U3Si2 -Al Pasca Iradiasi
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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