131,019 research outputs found
NOSS/ALDCS analysis and system requirements definition
No full textThe results of system analyses and implementation studies of an advanced location and data collection system (ALDCS) , proposed for inclusion on the National Oceanic Satellite System (NOSS) spacecraft are reported. The system applies Doppler processing and radiofrequency interferometer position location technqiues both alone and in combination. Aspects analyzed include: the constraints imposed by random access to the system by platforms, the RF link parameters, geometric concepts of position and velocity estimation by the two techniques considered, and the effects of electrical measurement errors, spacecraft attitude errors, and geometric parameters on estimation accuracy. Hardware techniques and trade-offs for interferometric phase measurement, ambiguity resolution and calibration are considered. A combined Doppler-interferometer ALDCS intended to fulfill the NOSS data validation and oceanic research support mission is also described
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Corrigendum: Roadside Abundance of Anurans within a Community Correlates with Reproductive Investment
No full textA corrigendum on Roadside Abundance of Anurans within a Community Correlates with Reproductive Investment by Grace, M. K., Smith, D. J., and Noss, R. F. (2017). Front. Ecol. Evol. 5:65. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00065 In the original article, we neglected to include the funder Florida Wildlife Federation, for support of publication fees to DS. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Anti-CD7 antibody and immunotoxin treatment of human CD7+T-cell leukaemia is significantly less effective in NOD/LtSz-scid mice than in CB.17 scid mice
No full textGroups of 8 to ten SCID (CB.17 scid/scid) or NOD/SCID (NOD/LtSz- scid/scid) mice were injected i.v. with two million human HSB-2 T-ALL cells on day 1 (SCID-HSB-2 and NOD/SCID-HSB-2 mice) and treated later with 3 i.v. 10 mug doses of the anti-CD7 antibody HB2 on days 7, 9 and 11 or with a single 10 mug dose of HB2-SAPORIN or a 7.4 mug dose of HB2-F(ab)2-SAPORIN immunotoxin (IT) on day 7. Treatment of SCID-HSB-2 mice with HB2-SAPORIN led to a significant prolongation in the time to development of signs and symptoms of disease compared with PBS sham-treated controls with 80% of animals surviving disease-free. In contrast treatment with HB2-F(ab)2-SAPORIN was significantly less effective in SCID-HSB-2 mice with 80% of animals in this treatment group developing leukaemia over the course of the study. HB2 antibody treatment of SCID-HSB-2 mice also led to a significant prolongation in time to leukaemia development compared with sham-treated controls with 37% of animals in this treatment group disease-free at termination of the study. In contrast HB2 antibody treatment of NOD/SCID-HSB-2 mice had no therapeutic effect in these animals and the therapeutic effectiveness of both HB2-SAPORIN and HB2-F(ab)2-SAPORIN ITs was similar and significantly reduced compared to the effect observed in SCID-HSB-2 mice. It was initially thought that the lack of therapeutic effect of antibody and IT in NOD-SCID-HSB-2 mice might relate to their putative lack of NK cells but flow cytometric and functional studies with NOD-SCID mouse splenocytes revealed that these animals do have some functional NK cells though fewer in number and possibly lower in functionality than those of SCID mice. We reason that the complete lack of therapeutic effect of HB2 antibody and the reduced effect of HB2-SAPORIN in NOD/SCID mice is due to the reduced cytolytic activity of NOD/SCID NK cells which is probably below a certain critical threshold value in these animals. We conclude from this that immunotherapeutics like HB2-SAPORIN would be more accurately assessed for intrinsic potency in NOD/SCID mice where the effects of NK cell and possibly other non-adaptive immune mechanisms would not have a significant influence
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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