11 research outputs found
Standpipe systems for fire protection
No full textThis important new manual goes beyond the published NFPA standards on installation of standpipe systems to include the rules in the International Building Code, municipal fire codes, the National Fire Code of Canada, and information on inspection, testing, and maintenance of standpipe systems. Also covered are the interactions between standpipe and sprinkler systems, since these important fire protection systems are so frequently installed together. Illustrated with design examples and practical applications to reinforce the learning experience, this is the go-to reference for engineers, architects, design technicians, building inspectors, fire inspectors, and anyone that inspects, tests or maintains fire protection systems. Fire marshals and plan review authorities that have the responsibility for reviewing and accepting plans and hydraulic calculations for standpipe systems are also an important audience, as are firefighters who actually use standpipe systems. As a member of the committees responsible for some of these documents, Isman also covers the rules of these standards and codes as they are written, but also provides valuable insight as to the intent behind the rules. A noted author and lecturer, Professor Isman was an engineer with the National Fire Sprinkler Association (NFSA), is an elected Fellow of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), and currently Clinical Professor in the Department of Fire Protection Engineering at University of Maryland
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAHAN DASAR ACCID TERHADAP CIRI FISIK DAN PENERIMAAN SENSORIS PADA MINUMAN KALE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. SABELLICA)
No full textKale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) dikenal sebagai superfood dengan kandungan gizi yang tinggi, namun tantangan dalam pengembangan minuman berbasis kale terkait karakteristik fisik dan penerimaan sensoris masih menjadi hambatan utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan bahan dasar accid (asam organik) terhadap ciri fisik (pH, total padatan terlarut, viskositas, dan warna) serta penerimaan sensoris (rasa, aroma, dan tekstur) pada minuman kale. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) dari 6 September 2024 hingga 11 September 2024, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam gelugur, asam sitrik, lemon, dan jeruk kasturi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pH, di mana jeruk kasturi memiliki pH tertinggi (4.3980). Analisis total padatan terlarut (TSS) menunjukkan lemon memiliki nilai tertinggi (28.8000), sementara viskositas tertinggi tercatat pada lemon (27.92 ± 0.70 cP). Hasil analisis sensoris menunjukkan preferensi yang lebih tinggi terhadap minuman dengan penambahan lemon. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan produk minuman sehat berbasis kale yang tidak hanya bernutrisi tinggi, tetapi juga disukai oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: Asam Gelugur, Asid, Kale, Lemon, Limau Kasturi
Axiological Aspects of Legal Science from the Muhammadiyah Perspective
No full textThis study aims to determine the purpose of legal science for Muhammadiyah, specifically the Majelis Tarjih (Islamic Council of Muhammadiyah). This is highly urgent, because the Majelis Tarjih is an entity within Muhammadiyah that is responsible for providing solutions to the problems of the people\u27s lives, especially Muhammadiyah members and Muslims in general. In general, the purpose of legal science is to ensure justice, legal certainty, and benefit. Legal scholars have provided an overview of justice, legal certainty, and benefit. Some argue that law is just if it has legal certainty. Meanwhile, the law is certain if it is written or codified. On the side of benefit, there are also many differences. Is the benefit for the victim only, or for the perpetrator as well? The above matters are constantly experiencing dynamics. Therefore, Muhammadiyah, in this case the Majelis Tarjih, wants to provide an alternative purpose of legal science. Based on this, this research has a fairly high urgency, considering that the Majelis Tarjih in its legal istbath should not deviate from the purpose of the law itself. This research method is normative research with a library approach. The research begins by analyzing Islamic sharia by classifying what is fixed (muthasibat) and what is changeable (muthaghoiroh). These two aspects are then discussed in dialogue with the objectives of sharia (maqasidu shari\u27ah). In the next stage, the author will study the istinbat method of the tarjih assembly\u27s law to synchronize the objectives of law with the istinbath method of the Muhammadiyah tarjih assembly. The findings of this study are that the objectives of law from the Muhammadiyah perspective are flexible. This flexibility lies in achieving benefits and avoiding harm
Особливості реорганізації структур рогівки кролів з її хімічним опіком на тлі мерказоліл-індукованого гіпотирозу = Peculiarities of reorganization of the rabbits’ corneal structure with its chemical burn at the background of merkazolil-induced hypothyroidism
No full textSavchuk Z. L., Klishch I. M., Herasymiuk I. Ye. Особливості реорганізації структур рогівки кролів з її хімічним опіком на тлі мерказоліл-індукованого гіпотирозу = Peculiarities of reorganization of the rabbits’ corneal structure with its chemical burn at the background of merkazolil-induced hypothyroidism. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):190-200. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.
http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A190-200
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/513118
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13360
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13360
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1107. (17.12.2013).
© The Author (s) 2014;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Conflict of interest: None declared. Received: 15.11.2014. Revised 05.12.2014. Accepted: 10.12.2014.
Особливості реорганізації структур рогівки кролів з її хімічним опіком на тлі мерказоліл-індукованого гіпотирозу
Peculiarities of reorganization of the rabbits’ corneal structure with its chemical burn at the background of merkazolil-induced hypothyroidism
Савчук З. Л., Кліщ І. М., Герасимюк І. Є.
Savchuk Z. L., Klishch I. M., Herasymiuk I. Ye.
ДВНЗ «Тернопільський державний медичний університет імені І.Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України»
SHEE "Ternopil State Medical University named after I. Ya. Horbachevskii of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine"
Резюме. У статті наведено результати патоморфологічних змін і морфометричних відхилень структур рогівки кролів з її хімічним опіком на тлі попередньо змодельованого гіпотирозу. Встановлено, що при опіку рогівки лугом у ранньому періоді (до 7-ми діб) виникають деструктивні зміни переднього епітелію і дистрофічні процеси у власній речовині рогівки, що проявляються її набряком, потовщенням і дезорганізацією колагенових волокон. На 14-21-у доби у зоні опіку спостерігаються регенераторні процеси з відновленням структурної організації власної речовини рогівки та з частковим відновленням поверхневого епітелію. У тварин з опіком рогівки лугом на тлі попередньо змодельованого гіпотирозу спостерігаються аналогічні за характером зміни, однак вони мають менш реактивний перебіг, розтягнуті у часі, з нижчим ступенем регенераторного відновлення.
Ключові слова: хімічний опік рогівки, гіпотироз, патоморфологічні зміни.
Summary. The article presents the results of pathomorphological changes and morphometrical abnormalities of the corneal structures of rabbits with its chemical burns on the background of previously simulated hypothyroidism. It was established that when the cornea is burnt with alkali in the early period (up to 7 days) there are destructive changes of the anterior epithelium and degenerative processes in the substance of the cornea, manifested by its swelling, thickening and disorganization of collagen fibers. On the 14-21 days in the area of burn regenerative processes with the recovery of the structural organization of corneal material and with the partial restoration of the surface epithelium was observed. In animals with the burn of cornea with alkali at the background of previously simulated hypothyroidism similar in nature changes are observed, but they have less reactive course, lengthy, with the lower degree of regenerative recovery.
Keywords: chemical burn of the cornea, hypothyroidism, pathomorphological changes.Savchuk Z. L., Klishch I. M., Herasymiuk I. Ye. Особливості реорганізації структур рогівки кролів з її хімічним опіком на тлі мерказоліл-індукованого гіпотирозу = Peculiarities of reorganization of the rabbits’ corneal structure with its chemical burn at the background of merkazolil-induced hypothyroidism. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):190-200. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.
http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A190-200
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/513118
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13360
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336
تنفيذ ملئ المقاييس على موازن من منظور بين مقاصد الشريعة و العادة المحكمة الشركة جانئي بمدينة تمنجنج بمنطقة جوى الوسطى (دراسة تحليلية ميدانية) Implementasi Penggenapan Timbangan, Pada Jasa Pengiriman Barang Perspektif Antara Maqasid Syariah dan Adat Muhakkamah (Studi Kasus PT. TIKI JNE Kabupaten Temanggung)
No full textThe goal of research is to find out the practice of rounding off the scales at PT. JNE in Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province. The second objective is to know aspects of sharia law related to the fulfillment of scales through theories and considerations of maqashid sharia and ‘adaht muhakkamah. The methode based on qualitative paradigm. The scoop of research is based on social and religious methode. The place of research took from colaboration between library and field research. The type of research is decriptive figured which is the author descripe the field data from object then confrontated as a criticism and assesment based from islamic law (fiqh). The author wrote with the philology and philosophy approach, which is the source law literature from both classic and contemporery book will be extracted as according to shariah purpose philosophy.
The result of this result shows that the first is Obtained from the research results that PT. JNE, fulfills the scales through two approaches, progressive and volumetric standards. In general, the people of Temanggung Regency are very accepting and support the service of fulfilling the scales at PT. JNE Temanggung Regency, however, after researching it more deeply to make ‘adath muhakkamah or urf as the main principle in muamalah, it is very inconsistent with the concept of maqashid sharia. In fact, the original law in muamalah is permissible as long as there is no argument that prohibits it and disagrees with it. On the muamalah relating to the fulfillment of scales, there is no absolute haram and absolute halal. the basis in muammalah must be presented according to what was stated in the Al-Qur’an, the Sunnah and the Consensus of Ijma, and that this is in agreement with the general rules and purposes of the Sharia
Tahlil Akhlaqiyatil A'maal At-Tijariyah fil Islam wa Atsaruha fil Hukmi (Diraasah Aqdu Khidmati Taswir Goiru Mahdudah wa Daf'uhaa Kamaa Turiid fi Kayyisa Home Studio Bogor)
No full textOne of the effects of the competitive price reduction for photography services is the emergence of a new concept, this concept is “pay-what-you-wish”. This thesis aims to explore the implementation of photography activities at Kayyisa Home Studio and analyze it from the perspective of Business Ethics in Islam. In this research, the author employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. Among the findings of this study is that the application of the "pay-what-you-wish" photo concept at Kayyisa Home Studio entails providing customers the opportunity to take unlimited photos within a 30-minute time frame, utilizing a selfie studio approach that involves customers using a remote control to operate the camera, enabling them to capture photos on their own whenever they are ready. Moreover, the "pay-what-you-wish" concept at Kayyisa Home Studio involves setting a minimum price that customers are required to pay, rather than an absolute "pay-what-you-wish" arrangement. The studio's use of this concept in their marketing communication is not intended to deceive customers, but rather to capture the attention of those interested in photography services offered by Kayyisa Home Studio. The execution of photography activities at Kayyisa Home Studio, as viewed through the lens of Business Ethics in Islam with the adoption of the "pay-what-you-wish" photo concept, aligns with Islamic principles and is permissible in its application.
Keywords: Akhlaq, Business Ethics, Photo, Photography
THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES AND METHODS IN TRANSLATING AL-SÂ’IR FÎ AL-DARB BY BADÎ’ AL-QASYÂ’LAH: PENERAPAN TEKNIK DAN METODE DALAM PENERJEMAHAN AL-SÂIR FÎ AL-DARB KARYA BADÎ’ AL-QASYÂ’ALAH
No full textThis study aims to determine the application of techniques, methods, and practices in the context of humanitarian conflicts in translating Al-Sȃir fȋ al-Darb by Badȋ’ Al-Qasyȃ’alah. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The sources of this research are primary sources, namely Al-Sȃir fȋ al-Darb, and secondary sources, which include books related to translation and several dictionaries such as the al-Munawir Arabic-Indonesian dictionary, the al-Mufid dictionary, and Ma`ani. The results of the research consist of 20 data points on translation methods and ideologies with representations of humanitarian conflicts. The conclusion of this study is that the ideologies of domestication and foreignization in the representation of the context of humanitarian conflict in Al-Sȃir fȋ al-Darb can be used in the case of translating texts so that the target readers can feel the nuances or emotional impact of the author, because humanitarian conflict is a universal issue between Indonesia, Lebanon, and Palestine, where humanitarian conflicts frequently occur
Analisis Kajian Feminisme dalam Cerpen Pemetik Air Mata Karya Agus Noor
No full textFeminist literary criticism is one of the literary criticisms that seeks to describe and examine women's experiences in various literary works. This study aims to describe women's struggles in facing gender injustice and seeking freedom in a patriarchal society. The main character, who is a woman, shows courage and determination in the face of social norms that limit her role and rights as a female individual. There is this study the author uses a structural approach. The structural approach aims to explain as carefully as possible the functions and relationships between literary works and show the relationship between these elements. The research used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study is in the form of feminist literary criticism in a short story entitled Tear Picker by Agus Noor, which is contained in a collection of short stories by Agus Noor. Conclusion: 1) in a short story Pemetik Air Mata by Agus Noor which tells how women are treated, where lies the self-esteem of a woman who should get a decent life not only limited to satisfying the needs of men. 2) there are three schools of feminism contained in Agus Noor's short story Pemetik Air Mata, namely Social Feminism, Marxist Feminism, and Social Liberal
Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Qualities of Fruit Roll Ups Made from Watermelon
No full textWatermelon biomass can be categorised into flesh, seed, and rind. Although discarded, the rind is edible and nutritious.
Objective: The study aimed to optimise watermelon fruit rolls-up formulation combining the flesh and rind purees. F1 (80:0), F2 (70:10), F3 (60:20), F4 (50:30), F5 (40:40), F6 (30:50), and F7 (20:60) were formulated from watermelon flesh-to-rind purees.
Methodology: Samples were prepared by pasteurising the watermelon flesh and rind purees with a predetermined amount of ingredients at 90 °C for 5 min, then dried at 60°C for 11 hours, cut, rolled and packed in an aluminium polyethene bag until evaluation.
Results: There were significant differences in pH, total soluble solids (TSS), moisture content (MC), water activity (Aw) and thickness of the samples. It showed that the increase of watermelon flesh puree in the formulations reduced the pH value and thickness of the samples. By contrast, the increase in watermelon rind puree decreases the samples' TSS, MC and Aw values. For sensory acceptance, the F2 sample had the highest mean scores for colour, texture (chewiness), sweetness, sourness and overall acceptability, indicating it was the most preferred formulation among panellists.
Conclusion: Thus, watermelon rind may be employed in watermelon fruit roll-up formulations to improve their physicochemical and sensory properties
Preliminary evaluation of mosquito larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts
No full textMosquitoes are the most important single group ofinsects in terms of public health importance, whichtransmit a number of diseases, such as malaria, filariasis,dengue, Japanese encephalitis, etc. causing millionsof deaths every year. Repeated use of syntheticinsecticides for mosquito control has disrupted naturalbiological control systems and led to resurgencesin mosquito populations. It has also resulted in thedevelopment of resistance1, undesirable effects onnon-target organisms and fostered environmental andhuman health concern2, which initiated a search foralternative control measures. Plants are considered asa rich source of bioactive chemicals3 and they may bean alternative source of mosquito control agents.Natural products of plant origin with insecticidalproperties have been tried in the recent past for controlof variety of insect pests and vectors. Essentialoils of leaf and bark of Cryptomeria japonica demonstratedhigh larvicidal activity against Aedesaegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae4. Insecticidalactivity of plant essential oils has been well-describedby Isman5. Azadiractin, the active ingredient of neemhas long been recognised for its mosquito larvicidalcapability. The extracts of Murraya koenigii, Coriandrumsativam, Ferula asafetida and Trigonella foenumgraceum were found to be effective and showedencouraging results against Ae. aegypti6 and Culex(Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae7. It is also reportedthat many compounds with insecticidal potentialhave been isolated from the genus Piper—Pipercide,isolated from Piper negrum (black piper) hasbeen found to be just as active against adjuki beanweevils as the pyrethroides8. Phytochemicals derivedfrom plant sources can act as larvicide, insect growthregulators, repellent and ovipositor attractant andhave different activities observed by many researchers9–11. However, insecticides of plant origin havebeen extensively used on agricultural pests and to avery limited extent, against insect vectors of publichealth importance.Northeastern region of India is considered as a majorbiodiversity hot spot. The eastern Himalayas range,which extends all through the northern border ofAssam, is a rich treasure house of many promisingmedicinal and aromatic plants. In the present communication,an attempt has been made to evaluate themosquito larvicidal efficacy of methanol and ethanolextracts of different parts of five indigenous plantsagainst Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culexquinquefasciatus larvae in laboratory conditions.Plant materials were collected from the foothill forestsof Sonitpur district, Assam bordering ArunachalPradesh during April and May 2005. They were segregatedas leaf, stem, bark, root and fruit/pericarp andair-dried in a shady place. Dried materials wereground in a table model grinder. The ground plant materialswere dipped in solvents (methanol and ethanol)Short Research Communications146 J VECT BORNE DIS 44, JUNE 2007in tightly capped jars separately for 48 h. The solventsalong with extracts were drained out, filtered andsemisolid extracts were obtained in vacuum usingrotary evaporator. The semisolid extracts were lyophilisedto obtain solid extracts. Stock solutions of desiredconcentration were prepared in distilled waterusing 1 ppm teepol as emulsifying agent and subsequentdilutions were made as per requirement. Larvicidalbioassay was carried out as per standard WHOtechniques in 500 ml glass beakers containing 250 mlof water and 25 numbers of late III or early IV instarmosquito larvae for various concentrations. Threedifferent concentrations of each extract were tried outat a time with six replicates. One control was kept witheach set of experiment and mortality was recordedafter 24 h. Five sets of experiments were conductedfor each extract. Tests were carried out under controlledlaboratory conditions (temperature 27 ± 2oC)against laboratory reared Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Values obtainedwere subjected to log probit regression analysisto obtain LC50 and LC90 values with 95% confidencelimit12.The results showed that the larvicidal activity ofmethanol and ethanol extracts of five aromatic plantspecies against Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatuslarvae varied according to plant species (Tables 1& 2). Methanol extract of Aristolochia saccata rootswas found to be the most effective against Ae. albopictuslarvae followed by ethanol extracts of A. saccata,Annona squamosa leaf and methanol extract ofA. squamosa leaf respectively. LC90 values of methanolextract of fruit/pericarp of Gymnopetelumcochinchinensis, bark of Caesalpinea species andethanol extract of stem of Piper species were obtainedat 302 ppm againstCx. quinquefasciatus larvae (Table 2).Long before the advent of synthetic insecticides,plants and their derivatives were used to kill pest ofagriculture, veterinary and public health. Sosan et al13reported larvicidal activities of essential oils of Ocimumgratissium, Cymbopogon citrus and Ageratumconyzoides against Ae. aegypti and achieved 100%mortality at 120, 200 and 300 ppm concentrationsrespectively. Similarly, it was reported that the essentialoil of Ipomoea cairica Linn. possesses remark-Table 1. Larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts against Ae. albopictus larvaeName of plant Part used Solvent used LC50 LC90 Regression equationAristolochia saccata Root Methanol 14.52 42.68 Y = 2.5683 *X+2.0164-do- Root Ethanol 17.30 58.51 Y = 2.3633 *X+2.0721Annona squamosa Leaf Methanol 20.26 86.59 Y = 1.9392 *X+2.4637-do- Leaf Ethanol 20.70 76.73 Y = 2.1991 *X+2.1020Gymnopetelum cochinchinensis Fruit/Pericarp Methanol 50.67 155.12 Y = 2.5821 *X+0.5927-do- Seed Methanol 100.42 312.45 Y = 2.3014 *X+0.3481Caesalpinea species Bark Methanol 53.66 169.41 Y = 2.3429*X+0.8638Piper species Stem Methanol 144.22 357.32 Y = 3.1826 *X–1.9688-do- Stem Ethanol 76.35 180.42 Y = 3.2525 *X–1.1333DAS et al : HERBAL MOSQUITO LARVICIDES 147able larvicidal properties as it could produce 100%mortality in the larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ae.aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoesat concentrations ranging from 100 to 170ppm14. Dwivedi & Kawasara15 found acetone extractof Lantana camara to be most effective against Cx.quinquefasciatus larvae at the dose of 1 ml/100 ml.Latha et al16 reported Piper longum and Zingiberwightianum extracts at 80 mg/l causing completemortality in Cx. quinquefasciatus and 60 mg/l for Cx.sitiens. In the present investigation LC90 values ofmethanol and ethanol extracts of roots of A. saccata,leaf of A. squamosa and fruits/pericarp of G.cochinchinensis against Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatuslarvae ranged between 31.80 and 155ppm. Studies with essential oil of Ocimum americansand O. gratissium showed LC50 at 67 and 60 ppmrespectively against Ae. aegypti larvae17. In contrast,in the present study methanol and ethanol extracts ofroots of A. saccata, leaf of A. squamosa and fruits/pericarp of G. cochinchinensis against Ae. albopictusand Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae showed LC50 valuesbetween 6.96 and 57.4 ppm. Larvicidal activities ofthe plant extracts vary according to the plant species,the parts of the plant, the geographical location wherethe plants were grown and the application method.Plant could be an alternative source for mosquitolarvicides because they constitute a potential sourceof bioactive chemicals and generally free from harmfuleffects. Use of these botanical derivatives inmosquito control instead of synthetic insecticidescould reduce the cost and environmental pollution.Further studies on identification of active compounds,toxicity and field trials are needed to recommend theactive fraction of these plant extracts for developmentof eco-friendly chemicals for control of insect vectors.AcknowledgementThe authors are thankful to Dr. S.N. Dube, Director,Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, Indiafor extending necessary facilities, continuous supportand guidance in the study.References1. Brown AWA. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes:pragmatic review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1986; 2: 123–40.2. Hayes JB Jr, Laws ER Jr. Handbook of pesticidetoxicology, v. 1. San Diego, CA: Academic Press 1991.3. Wink M. Production and application of pytochemicalsfrom an agricultural perspective. In: Van Beek TA, BretelerH, editors. Phytochemistry and agriculture. Oxford, UK:Clerendon Press 1993; p. 171–213.Table 2. Larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvaeName of plant Part used Solvent used LC50 LC90 Regression equationAristolochia saccata Root Methanol 31.91 81.06 Y = 3.3086 *X-0.0062-do- Root Ethanol 19.83 60.44 Y = 2.5791 *X-1.6605Annona squamosa Leaf Methanol 17.70 64.29 Y = 2.1180 *X+2.3457-do- Leaf Ethanol 6.96 31.80 Y = 1.9441 *X+3.3592Gymnopetelum cochinchinensis Fruit/pericarp Methanol 57.4 108.3 Y = 4.1627 *X+2.3501-do- Seed Methanol 199.0 301.6 Y = 1.7586 *X+11.0557Caesalpinea species Bark Methanol 42.27 207.13 Y = 1.7586 *X+2.0573Piper species Stem Methanol 70.10 113.90 Y = 5.669 *X+5.4992-do- Stem Ethanol 57.4 108.3 Y = 4.1627 *X+2.3501148 J VECT BORNE DIS 44, JUNE 20074. Cheng SS, Chang HT, Chang ST, Tsai KH, Chen WJ.Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against theyellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti larvae. BioresTechnol 2003; 89(1): 99–102.5. Isman MB. Pesticides based on plant essential oils.Pesticide Outlook 1999; p. 68–72.6. Harve G, Kamath V. Larvicidal activity of plant extractsused alone and in combination with known syntheticlarvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti. Indian J ExptlBiol 2004; 42: 1216–9.7. Desai ST. Potency of larvicidal properties of plantextracts against mosquito larvae under laboratoryconditions (M.Sc. Dissertation submitted to MumbaiUniversity Mumbai, India 2002).8. Mwangi RW, Mukiama TK. Evaluation of Melia volkensiextract fractions as mosquito larvicides. J Am MosqControl Assoc 1988; 4: 442–7.9. Babu R, Murugan K. Interactive effect of neem seed kernaand neem gum extract on the control of Culex quinquefasciatusSay. Neem Newsletter 1998; 15(2): 9–11.10. Venketachalam MR, Jebasan A. Repellent activity ofFerronia elephantum Corr. (Rutaceae) leaf extract againstAedes aegypti. Biores Technol 2001; 76(3): 287–8.11. Venketachalam MR, Jebasan A. Larvicidal activity ofHydrocotyl javanica Thunb (Apiaceae) extract against Cx.quinquefasciatus. J Exptl Zool India 2001; 4(1): 99–101.12. 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