146 research outputs found
Development of Value Added Products from Dried Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra)
No full textdoi:10.4172/2332-2632.1000108 Copyright: © 2013 Azam K, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
ROTATIONAL ANALYSTS OF THE b-X SYSTEM OF SELENIUM MONOXIDE
No full textAzam and S. P. Reddy, Can. J. Phys. 51, 2166 (1973). R. F. Barrow and E. W. Deutsch, Proc. Phys. Soc. 82, 548 (1963). K. K. Verma, M. Azam, and S. P. Reddy, J. Mol. Spectrosc. (in press).Author Institution: Department of Physics, Memorial University of NewfoundlandThe 00 bands at 10 296 and 10 491 {\AA} of the near-infrared band system X. of the SeO were photographed at high resolution and their rotational structure has been analyzed. The analysis shows that the bands represent the transition (X being the case-c ground state of the SeO molecule). The observed isotopic shifts of the rotational lines of from those of are in agreement with the calculated values. The derived constants in for are as follows:[FIGURE] For the ground state, the separation , Klein-Dunham potential curves were constructed for the and states as well as for the previously known and of the Seo molecule
A Global Mapping System for Bambara Groundnut Production
No full textThis is the first study that estimates the potential production for any underutilised
crop on a global basis. Our long-term aim is to demonstrate how this approach,
initially for bambara groundnut, can be used to assess the potential productivity
of many underutilised food crops at locations beyond their current distribution.
The most significant contributions from this study are the integration of a
weather simulator and a crop simulation model into a Geographical Information
System (GIS) to predict potential production of bambara groundnut over
the globe. The integration came through a coincidence of interests. FAO needed
to improve the knowledge and better use of underutilised crops that can contribute
to the food security of the world s poorest people. For the University of
Nottingham it was an opportunity to provide a geographic basis for their existing
crop model that had been refined by the third author so that predictions of
bambara groundnut potential could be extended to new sites.
Integration of the weather generator and model into a GIS was based on the
experiences gained by the second author in using fish growth models to estimate
potential for fish farming in Africa (FAO, 1998, available at www.fao.org/docrep/
W8522e/W8522E00.htm)
Political Predation and Economic Development
No full textWe analyze a game between citizens and governments, whose type (benevolent or predatory) is unknown to the public. Opportunistic governments mix between predation and restraint. As long as restraint is observed, political expectations improve, people enter the modern sector, and the economy grows. Once there is predation, the reputation of the government is ruined and the economy collapses. If citizens are unable to overthrow this government, the collapse is durable. Otherwise, a new government is drawn and the economy can rebound. Consistent with stylized facts, equilibrium political and economic histories are random, unstable, and exhibit long-term divergence.
Some economic consequences of the transition from civil war to peace
No full textDrawing on evidence from Africa - especially Ethiopia and Uganda - the authors of this volume draw conclusions about economic policy in the aftermath of civil war. A sample of conclusions follows. Civil wars differ from international wars. They are informal, often have no clear beginning and end, weaken rather than strengthen the authority of the state, and leave two unreconciled armies to be demobilized within one territory. Civil wars erode the institutions of civil society, leading to a decline in the stock of social capital, which takes some time to restore. Private investment and government revenue are slow to recover, and military expenditures are not easily reduced. As a result, there is little or no peace dividend in the short run. The period of transition to peace is a particularly suitable time for radical policy reform, despite the high degree of polarization typical in countries engaged in civil war. And speedy reform, far from increasing uncertainty, is likely to reduce it. After a civil war, private agents are fearful both of each other and of the government. This, perhaps even more than physical damage to infrastructure, hinders private-sector-led recovery, as irreversible investment is delayed despite being financeable. The transition to peace is primarily the transition from fear and the defensive responses that became ingrained in wartime. The peace dividend comes as a gradual recovery of confidence induces repatriation of financial and human capital. Such confidence can be boosted by the early sequencing of investment-sensitive policy reforms and by preserving low inflation through direct consumer price index targeting. Lack of confidence can be compensated for by temporary undervaluation of the exchange rate, or however, may prove more difficult to make credibly time-bound. Finally, aid can permit accelerated rehabilitation of the infrastructure (especially transport networks) needed to return to a market economy. Contrary to the studies hypothesis, the authors found that demobilization - at least in Uganda - did not lead to a significant upsurge in insecurity. In the short term, demobilization significantly reduced crime, unless the demobilized lacked access to land. If the demobilized returned to their home areas and were given some assistance, with identifiable exceptions they were able to find income-earning opportunities.Debt Markets,Emerging Markets,Economic Theory&Research,,Investment and Investment Climate
Methodological problems in cross-country analyses of economic growth
No full textMany cross country studies have been conducted over the last twenty years to explain how various factors affect economic growth rates in the developing countries. The data in these studies - which underlie international economic comparisons and serve as the basis for economic policy recommendations - give researchers the systematic and scientific information required for their investigations. But the conclusions are often fragile and sometimes contradictory. This paper finds that research results are sensitive to the choices of components, the aim of the investigation, and the type of model used. In general, researchers need to have better statistical data, particularly on economic policy indicators, and must subject the selected sample to careful tests. Cross-country studies are particularly unreliable when it comes to estimating the economic impact of government budgetary and regulatory policies. These studies thus provide only a weak basis for developing country economic policies.Economic Theory&Research,Achieving Shared Growth,Inequality,Governance Indicators,Economic Conditions and Volatility
K-Wire Fixation vs Implant Device Fixation for Hammertoe Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textCategory: Lesser Toes; Other Introduction/Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between K- Wire fixation and implant device fixation for the management of hammertoe deformity. Methods: During November 2022, the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following either K-Wire fixation and implant device fixation for the treatment of hammertoe deformity at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Data regarding surgical characteristics, subjective clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, complications and failure rates were extracted and analysed. 19 studies were included for quantitative analysis, of which 4 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Results: In total, 1343 patients (3468 feet) underwent K-Wire fixation and 456 patients (664 feet) underwent implant device fixation for the management of hammertoe deformity.The osseous union rate in the K-wire cohort was 71.3% versus 74.8% in the implant device cohort. The complication rate in the K-wire cohort was 9.7% versus 29.3% in the implant device cohort. The failure rate in the K-wire cohort was 8.6% versus 6.5% in the implant cohort. The secondary surgical procedure rate in the K-wire cohort was 8.3% versus 3.6% in the device cohort. Qualitative analysis found no difference in osseous union rates (RR=0.5832; 0.0830-4.0985; p=0.3562), complication rates (RR=1.12; 0.11-11.34; p=0.8571), failure rates (RR=0.87; 0.04-21.86; p=0.8746) nor secondary surgical procedure rates (RR=1.05; 0.06-18.32; p=0.9487) between the K-wire cohort and device cohort. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated improvement in clinical and radiographic outcomes following both K-wire fixation and implant device fixation for hammertoe deformity. Qualitative analysis found no significant difference in osseous union rates, complication rates, failure rates nor secondary surgical procedure rates between the 2 cohorts. However, the marked heterogeneity between the included studies and few high level comparative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions. Further research is warranted to determine the optimal role of both K-wire fixation and implant device fixation in the management of hammertoe deformity
An Interdisciplinary Study of Narrative Structure in Dash Akol as a Short Story and Dash Akol as a Movie
No full textThis paper undertakes an interdisciplinary study of the short story “Dash Akol” and the movie adapted from it. “Dash Akol” is a short story written by a famous Iranian author Sadeq Hedayat in 1932. Hedayat’s “Dash Akol” was made into a movie in 1971 by Masoud Kimiai. There are some discrepancies between the short story “Dash Akol” and the movie, triggering a number of significant implications. This article discusses these discrepancies along with Hedayat’s and Kimiai’s narrative techniques. To this end, it applies Genett’s (1988) Narrative Discourse and his three main narrative methods: narrating, characterization, and focalization. Meanwhile, it brings in Rimmon-Kenen’s (2002) strategy to study characters, and Stam and Burgoyne and Flitterman-lewis (2005) to show the ways in which the movie has deviated from the story. In terms of characterization, it studies traits such as, action, speech, naming and setting
Aerodynamic assessment and development of Smokey SAM Prototype (TRL-6)
No full textThis paper presents an aerodynamic assessment on the "Smokey Sam Prototype (TRL-6) Start (X)". Initially, the rocket prototype was designed by using OpenRocket open source software, where all of the user's design requirements and objectives are considered. The TRL-6 Smokey Sam Star (X) is expected to fly within 400 m with the operating Mach number 0.2 as a comparable to US GTR-18A. This research evaluates the aerodynamics performance of the design Smokey Sam prototype rocket using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The aerodynamics analyses were started with an initial speed of 25 m/s, and the procedures were repeated for 40 m/s and 54.6m/s. For instance, the CFD study assessed the flight performance and stability once launched, such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment. The turbulence model is employing K-omega (k-ω) model to express turbulent properties of flow to a reckoning for history effects like convection and diffusion of turbulent energy. The actual pressure distribution was compared with the conventional rocket material's exact pressure distribution to inspect the best rocket material to sustain the best strength to weight ratio at high-speed trajectory operation. Several observations were made into the modelling process, such as surrounding velocity and pressure. It is found that the flight is in stable mode since the obtained pitching moments are almost zero at all assessed speed. For the flight trajectory validation, the model was printed using a 3D printer and tested experimentally by launching it into the air
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