38,795 research outputs found

    Reconstructing the anthropogenic aridization of landscapes in antiquity and in the Middle Ages from isotopic data

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    The methods from geochemistry of stable isotopes, and spore-pollen and paleopedological data on climate humidification variation have been used to reveal three time intervals: the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, and the 3rd-4th and 8th-14th centuries AD when the indices of local climate changes showed oppositely directed tendencies, which suggests a contribution of the anthropogenic factor (pasture digression) to the modification of vegetation of the landscapes under investigation. © 2009

    S. I. Gessen in Memoirs and Assessments of V. V. Zenkovsky: Page from Intellectual History of Russian Emigration

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    The relationship between S. I. Gessen and V. V. Zenkovsky, representatives of Russian philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and social thought, is considered as an episode of the intellectual history of the Russian diaspora. It is argued that the image of S. I. Gessen, formed in the scientific works and memoirs of a famous teacher, complements the idea of his personality, of the position S. I. Gessen held in the scientific, pedagogical and social life of the emigration. An analysis of the relationship between two thinkers over a quarter of a century is presented. The conclusion is drawn about the “internal dialogue” between them, which developed on the pages of emigre periodicals, was recorded in correspondence with like-minded people and became the subject of reflection and self-reflection in scientific works. The author pays special attention to assessments of the theoretical contribution of S. I. Gessen to Russian and European philosophical and pedagogical thought, which are given in reviews and surveys, the essay “Russian Pedagogy in the XX century” and “History of Russian Philosophy”. It is shown that in this context, the responses to the death of S. I. Gessen and memories of him, which make it possible to determine the attitude of V. V. Zenkovsky not only to S. I. Gessen the thinker, but also to man, acquire great importance

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    TeX v jednoduchém unixovém prostředí

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    summary:Při ladění TeXového dokumentu potřebujeme mnohokrát opakovaně pouštět TeX, podívat se, jak dopadl výsledek v prohlížeči DVI nebo PDF souboru, mrknout na výpis TeXu na terminálu, podívat se případně do logu a celou činnost opakovat. V tomto článku je ukázáno, jak tuto práci dělá autor článku. Proces "editor-TeX-kuk" je zde podporován jednoduchými unixovými nástroji: bashovým skriptem texloop, který si autor pro tyto účely vytvořil, dále terminálem Xterm a jednoduchým editorem, který umí navázat na klávesovou zkratku spuštění příkazu v systému. Čtenář se zde může inspirovat a přizpůsobit tyto nástroje svým vlastním potřebám. V článku je popsána funkce skriptu texloop, dále je neformálně rozveden dlouholetý vývoj autorova vztahu k textovým editorům a konečně je zde uvedena konfigurace terminálu Xterm, aby vyhovoval českému prostředí jak v kódování ISO-8859-2, tak v kódování UTF-8. Pro kódování UTF-8 si v závěru článku vygenerujeme TeXový formát csplain.summary:By debugging a TeX document it is necessary many times repeatedly to run TeX, to look for the result in DVI or PDF file, to gander the TeX output on the terminal, or eventually to have a look in the log-file, and all that action to repeat. In the paper it is show, how this work is made by author. The process '‘'editor-TeX-look' is supported by simple Unix tools: bash script texloop, created by author for these purposes, Xterm terminal and a simple editor, which is able to link to the shortcut key the activation of a system command. The reader could be inspired with the solution and to adapt these tools to his/her own needs. In the paper the function of the texloop script is described, and further the longstanding evolution of the author's relation to text editors is informal elaborated and finally a configuration of Xterm terminal, suitable for the czech environment with both ISO-8859-2 and UTF-8 encoding is introduced. For UTF-8 encoding the TeX format csplain is generated at the end of the paper
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