1,720,962 research outputs found
Analytical Solutions for Gravity Changes Caused by Triaxial Volumetric Sources
Get PDFVolcanic crises are often associated with magmatic intrusions or the pressurization of magma chambers of various shapes. These volumetric sources deform the country rocks, changing their density, and cause surface uplift. Both the net mass of intruding magmatic fluids and these deformation effects contribute to surface gravity changes. Thus, to estimate the intrusion mass from gravity changes, the deformation effects must be accounted for. We develop analytical solutions and computer codes for the gravity changes caused by triaxial sources of expansion. This establishes coupled solutions for joint inversions of deformation and gravity changes. Such inversions can constrain both the intrusion mass and the deformation source parameters more accurately
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analytische und numerische Dislokationsmodelle von Verformungsprozessen an Vulkanen
No full textThe advances in modern geodetic techniques such as the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provide surface deformation measurements with an unprecedented accuracy and temporal and spatial resolutions even at most remote volcanoes on Earth. Modelling of the high-quality geodetic data is crucial for understanding the underlying physics of volcano deformation processes. Among various approaches, mathematical models are the most effective for establishing a quantitative link between the surface displacements and the shape and strength of deformation sources. Advancing the geodetic data analyses and hence, the knowledge on the Earth’s interior processes, demands sophisticated and efficient deformation modelling approaches. Yet the majority of these models rely on simplistic assumptions for deformation source geometries and ignore complexities such as the Earth’s surface topography and interactions between multiple sources.
This thesis addresses this problem in the context of analytical and numerical volcano deformation modelling. In the first part, new analytical solutions for triangular dislocations (TDs) in uniform infinite and semi-infinite elastic media have been developed. Through a comprehensive investigation, the locations and causes of artefact singularities and numerical instabilities associated with TDs have been determined and these long-standing drawbacks have been addressed thoroughly. This approach has then been extended to rectangular dislocations (RDs) with full rotational degrees of freedom. Using this solution in a configuration of three orthogonal RDs a compound dislocation model (CDM) has been developed. The CDM can represent generalized volumetric and planar deformation sources efficiently. Thus, the CDM is relevant for rapid inversions in early warning systems and can also be used for detailed deformation analyses. In order to account for complex source geometries and realistic topography in the deformation models, in this thesis the boundary element method (BEM) has been applied to the new solutions for TDs. In this scheme, complex surfaces are simulated as a continuous mesh of TDs that may possess any displacement or stress boundary conditions in the BEM calculations. In the second part of this thesis, the developed modelling techniques have been applied to five different real-world deformation scenarios. As the first and second case studies the deformation sources associated with the 2015 Calbuco eruption and 2013–2016 Copahue inflation period have been constrained by using the CDM. The highly anisotropic source geometries in these two cases highlight the importance of using generalized deformation models such as the CDM, for geodetic data inversions. The other three case studies in this thesis involve high-resolution dislocation models and BEM calculations. As the third case, the 2013 pre-explosive inflation of Volcán de Colima has been simulated by using two ellipsoidal cavities, which locate zones of pressurization in the volcano’s lava dome. The fourth case study, which serves as an example for volcanotectonics interactions, the 3-D kinematics of an active ring-fault at Tendürek volcano has been investigated through modelling displacement time series over the 2003–2010 time period. As the fifth example, the deformation sources associated with North Korea’s underground nuclear test in September 2017 have been constrained. These examples demonstrate the advancement and increasing level of complexity and the general applicability of the developed dislocation modelling techniques.
This thesis establishes a unified framework for rapid and high-resolution dislocation modelling, which in addition to volcano deformations can also be applied to tectonic and humanmade deformations.Fortschritte in modernen geodätischen Techniken wie dem globalen Navigationssatellitensystem (GNSS) und dem Synthetic Apertur Radar (SAR), liefern Messungen der Oberflächenverformung mit einer beispiellosen Genauigkeit sowie zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösungen, selbst an abgelegensten Vulkanen. Die Modellierung von hochqualitativen geodätischen Daten ist entscheidend für das Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Physik der Verformungsprozesse an diesen Vulkanen. Um eine quantitative Verbindung zwischen den Oberflächenverschiebungen und der Form und Stärke von Verformungsquellen herzustellen, sind mathematische Modelle am effektivsten. Die Fortschnitte in geodätischen Datenanalysen und damit das Wissen über die Prozesse im Inneren der Erde erfordern ausgefeilte und effiziente Ansätze der Verformungsmodellierung. Die meisten dieser Modelle beruhen jedoch auf vereinfachten Annahmen der Geometrien der Verformungsquellen und ignorieren Komplexitäten wie die Erdoberflächentopographie und Wechselwirkungen zwischen mehreren Quellen.
Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit diesem Problem im Kontext der analytischen und numerischen Vulkanverformungsmodellierung. Im ersten Schritt wurden neue analytische Lösungen für dreieckige Dislokationen (triangular dislocation-TD) im gleichförmigen elastischen Voll- und Halbraum entwickelt. Durch eine umfassende Untersuchung wurden die Orte und Ursachen von TDs verbundenen Artefaktsingularitäten und numerischen Instabilitäten identifiziert und diese Problematik gelöst. Dieser Ansatz wurde dann auf rechteckige Dislokationen (rectangular dislocation-RD) mit vollen Rotationsfreiheitsgraden erweitert. Unter Verwendung dieser Lösung in einer Konfiguration von drei orthogonalen RDs wurde ein “Zusammengesetztes Dislokationsmodel” (compound dislocation model-CDM) entwickelt. Das CDM kann verallgemeinerte volumetrische und planare Verformungsquellen effizient darstellen. Somit ist das CDM für schnelle Inversionen in Frühwarnungssystemen relevant und kann auch für detaillierte Verformungsanalysen verwendet werden. Um komplexe Quellengeometrien und eine realistische Topographie in den Verformungsmodellen dieser Untersuchung zu berücksichtigen, wurde die Randelementmethode (REM) auf die neuen Lösungen für TDs angewendet. In diesem Schema werden komplexe Oberflächen als ein kontinuierliches Netz von DVs simuliert, die in den REM-Berechnungen beliebige Verschiebungs- oder Spannungsgrenzbedingungen aufweisen können.
Als Beispiele wurden die entwickelten Modellierungstechniken auf fünf verschiedene reale Verformungsszenarien angewendet. Das erste und zweite Beispiel, die Calbuco-Eruption 2015 und die 2013–2016 Copahue-Aufwölbungsperiode, wurden durch die Verwendung des CDM näher beschrieben. Die hoch anisotropen Quellengeometrien in diesen beiden Fällen unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Verwendung verallgemeinerter Verformungsmodelle wie dem CDM für geodätische Dateninversionen. Weitere Fallstudien dieser Doktorarbeit umfassen hochauflösende Versetzungsmodelle und REM-Berechnungen. Die Aufwölbung 2013 am Volcán de Colima wurde simuliert, indem zwei ellipsoidale Quellen verwendet wurden, die Druckzonen im Lavadom des Vulkans lokalisieren. Danach, als Beispiel für Vulkantektonik-Interaktionen, wurde die 3-D-Kinematik einer aktiven Ringstörung am Tendürek-Vulkan durch Modellierung von InSAR-Zeitreihen über die Zeitperiode 2003–2010 simuliert. Als letztes Beispiel wurden die Verformungsquellen, die im Zusammenhang mit Nordkoreas unterirdischem Atomtest im September 2017 stehen, simuliert und der Einsatz der verwendeten Methoden auch in nicht vulkanischen Terrain gezeigt. Diese Beispiele zeigen den Fortschritt und das zunehmende Niveau der Komplexität und die allgemeine Anwendbarkeit der entwickelten Dislokationsmodellierungstechniken.
Diese Doktorarbeit unterstreicht die Anwendung von neuer schneller und hochauflösender Dislokationsmodellierung, die neben Vulkanverformungen auch auf tektonische und vom Menschen verursachte Verformungen angewendet werden kann
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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