1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
RELATING EFL LEARNERS’ GRAMMAR KNOWLEDGE TO THEIR USE OF PRAGMATIC EXPRESSIONS
No full textWhen people use language as a tool to communicate, the meaning that is conveyed or received will be more than what is heard from the explicit utterances. It is believed that the language we use as the code can be interpreted in any meaning, which interpretation becomes part of pragmatics. Grammar ability and pragmatic competence should work together to create good communication and avoid misunderstanding. This paper presents three aspects. The first aspect is the kinds of pragmatic knowledge that the EFL learners may have about their foreign language they are learning. The second aspect is how the EFL learners use their foreign linguistic expressions in a contextually appropriate manner within their daily communication. The last one is to what extent the EFL learners understand the implicit messages of expressions
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Perbandingan penafsiran Fakhruddin Al-Razi dalam kitab tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghoib dan Al-Zamakhsyari dalam kitab tafsir Al-Kasyaf terhadap ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW
Get PDFTafsir Al-Qur’an merupakan ilmu pengetahuan tentang cara memaknai dan memahami kandungan yang tersirat di dalam Al-Qur’an sebagai kalam Allah SWT. Kemampuan manusia dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an tentu berbeda-beda, sesuai dengan capability-nya masing-masing. Produk tafsir yang dihasilkan terlahir dari bagaimana riwayat historisitas background mufassir-nya, baik dari latar belakang sosialnya, jenjang pendidikannya, bahkan aliran keyakinannya. Tentu keahliannya pun beraneka ragam, ada yang memiliki kemampuan secara mendalam dibidang kebahasaan, ada juga yang memiliki orientasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kelompok madzhabnya, dan lain sebagainya. Sehingga nampak persaman dan perbedaan antara satu mufassir dengan mufassir lainnya.
Penelitian ini berorientasikan untuk menemukan dan menentukan bagaimana Fakhruddin Al-Razi dan Al-Zamakhsyari dalam kitab tafsirnya masing-masing dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW. Mengingat, begitu urgentnya penjelasan peristiwa tersebut bagi masyarakat awam muslimin dan muslimat, serta bagi akademisi dalam mengungkapkan peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi diluar nalar manusia, maka dibuatlah karya tulis ini.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji penafsiran ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghoib karya Fakhruddin Al-Razi dan tafsir Al-Kasyaf karya Al-Zamakhsyari. Selain itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan dalam penafsiran ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj antara kedua tafsir tersebut. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini juga bermaksud untuk mengidentifikasi hikmah atau ‘ibrah yang dapat diambil dari peristiwa tersebut.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penafsiran yang digunakan kedua mufassir berdasarkan tema peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kemudian model penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan metode deskriptif-komparatif, dan jenis penelitiannya menggunakan library research atau studi kepustakaan dalam pengumpulan data-data.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dalam penafsiran ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW. Persamaannya terletak pada latar belakang background mufassir yang begitu cakap dalam bidang kebahasaan, dan kedua mufassir tersebut begitu kuat dalam memegang aliran akidahnya, sehingga keduanya menggunakan metodologi dengan pendekatan kebahasaan, dari sisi lain menggunakan metode tafsir bi al-ra’yi, dan dengan corak tafsir bi al-i’tiqodi. Adapun perbedaannya terletak pada aliran akidah yang diyakini oleh kedua mufassir tersebut, sehingga hasil dari penafsirannya pun berbeda. Fakhruddin Al-Razi dengan aliran Ahlu Al-Sunnah wa Al-Jama’ah-nya, fiqih yang digunakannya madzhab Al-Syafi’i, meyakini bahwa peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW dengan jasad dan ruh. Adapun Al-Zamakhsyari dengan aliran Mu’tazilahnya, dan fiqihnya bermadzhab Al-Hanafi, meyakini bahwa peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW hanya ruhnya saja.
Penelitian ini masih terbatas pada perbandingan antara dua tafsir, Mafatih Al-Ghoib dan Al-Kasyaf. Dalam penelitian lain diharapkan untuk adanya pembahasan yang lebih komprehensif dalam objek penelitian yang berbeda dengan penelitian ini. Selain itu penelitian tentang ayat-ayat peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj perlu terus dikembangkan dari sisi sains modern dan bisa dikorelasikan dengan ilmu-ilmu alam atau eksak, sehingga teori-teori sains tersebut bisa memperkaya tafsir ‘ilmi.
ABSTRAC
Nida Husna Abdul Malik (2210070029). Comparison Of Fakhruddin Al-Razi’s Interpretation In The Book Of Tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghoib And Al-Zamakhsyari’s Interpretation In The Book Of Tafsir Al-Kasyaf Regarding The Verses Of The Isra’ Mi’raj Of The Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Tafsir of the Al-Qur'an is the science of how to interpret and understand the content implicit in the Al-Qur'an as the words of Allah SWT. Human abilities in interpreting the verses of the Al-Qur'an certainly vary, according to their respective capabilities. The resulting interpretation product is born from the historicity of the interpreter's background, both from his social background, his level of education, and even his religious beliefs. Of course, their expertise is varied, some have in-depth abilities in the field of language, there are also those who have an orientation to meet the needs of their madzhab group, and so on. So that there are similarities and differences between one mufassir and another mufassir.
This research is oriented towards finding and determining how Fakhruddin Al-Razi and Al-Zamakhsyari in their respective tafsir books interpret the verses of the Isra' Mi'raj of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Considering how urgent it is to explain these events for lay Muslims and Muslim women, as well as for academics in revealing events that occur beyond human reason, this paper was written.
The aim of this research is to examine the interpretation of the verses of the Isra' Mi'raj event of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in the Tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghoib by Fakhruddin Al-Razi and the Tafsir Al-Kasyaf by Al-Zamakhsyari. Apart from that, this research aims to find similarities and differences in the interpretation of the verses of the Isra' Mi'raj event between the two interpretations. Furthermore, this research also aims to identify the wisdom or 'ibrah that can be taken from this incident.
The formulation of the problem in this research is to analyze the interpretation used by the two commentators based on the theme of the Isra' Mi'raj event of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Then the research model used is qualitative, with a descriptive-comparative method, and the type of research uses library research or library research in collecting data.
The results of the research show that there are similarities and differences in the interpretation of the verses of the Isra' Mi'raj event of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The similarity lies in the background of the mufassir who is very skilled in the field of linguistics, and both mufassir are so strong in adhering to the flow of their beliefs, so that both use a methodology with a linguistic approach, on the other hand they use the bi al-ra'yi tafsir method, and with a style of interpretation bi al-i'tiqodi. The difference lies in the flow of faith believed by the two mufassir, so the results of their interpretations are different. Fakhruddin Al-Razi with his Ahlu Al-Sunnah wa Al-Jama'ah school, the fiqh which he uses from the Al-Shafi'i school, believes that the Isra' Mi'raj of the Prophet Muhammad SAW occurred with the body and spirit. Meanwhile, Al-Zamakhsyari, with his Mu'tazilah sect and his Al-Hanafi school of jurisprudence, believes that the event of the Isra' Mi'raj of the Prophet Muhammad SAW was only his spirit.
This research is still limited to a comparison between two tafsir, Mafatih Al-Ghoib and Al-Kasyaf. In other research, it is hoped that there will be a more comprehensive discussion of research objects that are different from this research. Apart from that, research on the verses of the Isra' Mi'raj event needs to continue to be developed from the perspective of modern science and can be correlated with natural or exact sciences, so that scientific theories can enrich scientific interpretations.
ملخص
نداء حسنى عبد الملك (2210070029). مقارنة بين تفسير فخر الدين الرازي في كتاب تفسير مفاتح الغيب والزمخشاري في كتاب تفسير الكشاف للآيات المتعلقة بواقعة الإسراء والمعراج للنبي محمّد صلى الله عليه وسلّم.
تفسير القرآن هو علم كيفية تفسير وفهم المحتوى الضمني في القرآن على أنه كلام الله سبحانه وتعالى. ومن المؤكد أن قدرات الإنسان في تفسير آيات القرآن تختلف باختلاف قدرات كل منها. ويولد منتج الترجمة الفورية الناتج من خلفية تاريخية للمترجم، سواء من خلفيته الاجتماعية، أو مستوى تعليمه، أو حتى معتقداته الدينية. وبطبيعة الحال، فإن خبراتهم متنوعة، فمنهم من لديه قدرات متعمقة في مجال اللغة، وهناك أيضًا من لديه توجه لتلبية احتياجات مجموعته المذهبية، وهكذا. بحيث يكون هناك تشابه واختلاف بين مفسر ومفسر آخر.
يهدف هذا البحث إلى إيجاد وتحديد كيفية تفسير فخر الدين الرازي والزمخسياري في كتب تفسيرهما لآيات الإسراء والمعراج بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. وبالنظر إلى مدى إلحاح شرح هذه الأحداث للمسلمين العلمانيين والنساء المسلمات، وكذلك للأكاديميين في الكشف عن الأحداث التي تحدث خارج نطاق العقل البشري، فقد كتبت هذه الورقة.
يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة تفسير آيات حادثة الإسراء والمعراج بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في تفسير مفاتيح الغيب لفخر الدين الرازي وتفسير الكسايف للزمخسياري. وعدا عن ذلك فإن هذا البحث يهدف إلى إيجاد أوجه التشابه والاختلاف في تفسير آيات حدث الإسراء والمعراج بين التفسيرين. كما يهدف هذا البحث أيضًا إلى التعرف على الحكمة أو العبرة التي يمكن أخذها من هذه الحادثة.
أما صياغة المشكلة في هذا البحث فهي تحليل التفسير الذي استخدمه المفسران على أساس موضوع الإسراء والمعراج بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. ومن ثم فإن نموذج البحث المستخدم هو نوعي، بأسلوب وصفي مقارن، ونوع البحث يستخدم البحث المكتبي أو البحث المكتبي في جمع البيانات.
وأظهرت نتائج البحث وجود تشابه واختلاف في تفسير آيات حادثة الإسراء والمعراج بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. والتشابه يكمن في خلفية المفسر الذي يتمتع بمهارة كبيرة في مجال اللسانيات، وكلاهما من المفسرين قويان جدًا في التمسك بتدفق معتقداتهما، بحيث يستخدم كلاهما منهجية ذات منهج لغوي، من ناحية أخرى استخدم طريقة التفسير بالرأي، وبأسلوب التفسير بالاعتقادي. والفرق يكمن في مجرى الإيمان الذي يعتقده المفسران، فتختلف نتائج تفسيراتهما. ويرى فخر الدين الرازي بمذهبه أهل السنة والجماعة، الفقه الذي يستعين به من المذهب الشافعي، أن الإسراء بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم حدث بالجسد والجسد. روح. أما الزمخسياري بمذهبه المعتزلة ومذهبه الحنفي فيرى أن الإسراء والمعراج بالنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم كان بروحه فقط.
ولا يزال هذا البحث يقتصر على المقارنة بين تفسيرين، مفاتيح الغيب والكسايف. وفي أبحاث أخرى، من المؤمل أن يكون هناك مناقشة أكثر شمولاً لموضوعات البحث التي تختلف عن هذا البحث. عدا عن ذلك، فإن البحث في آيات الإسراء والمعراج يحتاج إلى التطوير المستمر من منظور العلم الحديث، ويمكن ربطه بالعلوم الطبيعية أو الدقيقة، حتى تتمكن النظريات العلمية من إثراء التفسيرات العلمية
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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