104,464 research outputs found
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for NICE technology assessment: not an optional extra.
No full textRecently the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) updated its methods guidance for technology assessment. One aspect of the new guidance is to require the use of probabilistic sensitivity analysis with all cost-effectiveness models submitted to the Institute. The purpose of this paper is to place the NICE guidance on dealing with uncertainty into a broader context of the requirements for decision making; to explain the general approach that was taken in its development; and to address each of the issues which have been raised in the debate about the role of probabilistic sensitivity analysis in general. The most appropriate starting point for developing guidance is to establish what is required for decision making. On the basis of these requirements, the methods and framework of analysis which can best meet these needs can then be identified. It will be argued that the guidance on dealing with uncertainty and, in particular, the requirement for probabilistic sensitivity analysis, is justified by the requirements of the type of decisions that NICE is asked to make. Given this foundation, the main issues and criticisms raised during and after the consultation process are reviewed. Finally, some of the methodological challenges posed by the need fully to characterise decision uncertainty and to inform the research agenda will be identified and discussed
Trust, regulatory processes and NICE decision-making: Appraising cost-effectiveness models through appraising people and systems.
No full textThis article presents an ethnographic study of regulatory decision-making regarding the cost-effectiveness of expensive medicines at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. We explored trust as one important mechanism by which problems of complexity and uncertainty were resolved. Existing studies note the salience of trust for regulatory decisions, by which the appraisal of people becomes a proxy for appraising technologies themselves. Although such (dis)trust in manufacturers was one important influence, we describe a more intricate web of (dis)trust relations also involving various expert advisors, fellow committee members and committee Chairs. Within these complex chains of relations, we found examples of both more blind-acquiescent and more critical-investigative forms of trust as well as, at times, pronounced distrust. Difficulties in overcoming uncertainty through other means obliged trust in some contexts, although not in others. (Dis)trust was constructed through inferences involving abstract systems alongside actors’ oral and written presentations-of-self. Systemic features and ‘forced options’ to trust indicate potential insidious processes of regulatory capture
Nice pseudo-Riemannian nilsolitons
No full textWe study nice nilpotent Lie algebras admitting a diagonal nilsoliton metric.
We classify nice Riemannian nilsolitons up to dimension . For general
signature, we show that determining whether a nilpotent nice Lie algebra admits
a nilsoliton metric reduces to a linear problem together with a system of as
many polynomial equations as the corank of the root matrix. We classify nice
nilsolitons of any signature: in dimension ; in dimension for
corank ; in dimension for corank zero.Comment: Article: 28 pages, 8 tables. Ancillary file: 98 pages, 4 table
Quartermaster Sergeant George C. Dorland, 29th Indiana Infantry, Company C
No full textDorland wears a Union military uniform. Written in ink at the bottom of the photograph is "Yours Truly/ George C. Dorland/ Q. M Sergt. 29th Ind Inft." Affixed on the reverse side at the top is an orange-colored postage-style stamp with "1865/ nice" written in ink across it. Below this, printed in black, is "Photographed/ By/ John F. Nice,/ Lewisburg,/ Pa."1860s (1860-1869)Lewisburg (Pa.)600ppiCivil War Military FrontDC046This Civil War Military Front collection was funded by LSTA. Dorland enlisted as a private in September 1861. He was promoted to corporal before he was killed at Stones River, Tennessee, in December 1862
Indefinite Einstein metrics on nice Lie groups
No full textWe introduce a systematic method to produce left-invariant, non-Ricci-flat Einstein metrics of indefinite signature on nice nilpotent Lie groups. On a nice nilpotent Lie group, we give a simple algebraic characterization of non-Ricci-flat left-invariant Einstein metrics in both the class of metrics for which the nice basis is orthogonal and a more general class associated to order two permutations of the nice basis. We obtain classifications in dimension 8 and, under the assumption that the root matrix is surjective, dimension 9; moreover, we prove that Einstein nilpotent Lie groups of nonzero scalar curvature exist in every dimension ≥8geq 8
Trade in Bilateral Oligopoly with Endogenous Market Formation
No full textWe study a strategic market game in which traders are endowed with both a good and money and can choose whether to buy or sell the good. We derive conditions under which a non-autarkic equilibrium exists and when the only equilibrium is autarky. Autarky is ‘nice’ (robust to small perturbations in the game) when it is the only equilibrium, and ‘very nice’ (robust to large perturbations) when no gains from trade exist. We characterize economies where autarky is nice but not very nice; that is, when gains from trade exist and yet no trade takes place
Normal forms for the endpoint map near nice singular curves for rank-two distributions
No full textGiven a rank-two sub-Riemannian structure (M, Δ) and a point x0 ∈ M, a singular curve is a critical point of the endpoint map F : γ ↦ γ (1) defined on the space of horizontal curves starting at x0. The typical least degenerate singular curves of these structures are called regular singular curves; they are nice if their endpoint is not conjugate along γ. The main goal of this paper is to show that locally around a nice singular curve γ, once we choose a suitable topology on the control space we can find a normal form for the endpoint map, in which F writes essentially as a sum of a linear map and a quadratic form. This is a preparation for a forthcoming generalization of the Morse theory to rank-two sub-Riemannian structures
Bridging the gap between methods research and the needs of policy makers: A review of the research priorities of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
No full textObjectives: The aim of this study was to establish a list of priority topics for methods research to support decision making at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).
Methods: Potential priorities for methods research topics were identified through a focused literature review, interviews, an email survey, a workshop and a Web-based feedback exercise. Participants were members of the NICE secretariat and its advisory bodies, representatives from academia, industry, and other organizations working closely with NICE. The Web exercise was open to anyone to complete but publicized among the above groups.
Results: A list of potential topics was collated. Priorities for further research differed according to the type of respondent and the extent to which they work directly with NICE. Priorities emerging from the group closest to NICE included: methodology for indirect and mixed treatment comparisons; synthesis of qualitative evidence; research relating to the use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in decision making; methods and empirical research for establishing the cost-effectiveness threshold; and determining how data on the uncertainty of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data should be taken into account in the decision-making process. Priorities emerging from the broadest group of respondents (through the Web exercise) included: methods for extrapolating beyond evidence observed in trials, methods for capturing benefits not included in the QALY and methods to assess when technologies should be recommended in the context of further evidence gathering.
Conclusions: Consideration needs to be given to the needs of those who use the outputs of research for decision making when determining priorities for future methods research.NIHR Medical Research Council
Almanach de marionnettes et guignols / édition de l'oeuvre "Nos marionnettes" ; directeur F. Hauët
No full textAppartient à l’ensemble documentaire : PACA1Avec mode text
Nice Antlaşmasının Getirdikleri
No full textThıs artıcle dıscusses the achıevements and shortcomıngs o f the Nice Treaty. {t has been pomted aut ın ıhe artıcle ıhaı the enlargetnent process brought jbrward the need fa r change m several elements a f ıhe ınsttiutıonal structure o f the EU and the Nice Treaty •■vas maınty aımed a achıevmg thıs objectıve Here İt ıs argııed that the Nice Treaty ansv.ered ması o f the guestıons left öpen ın the Ams ferdam Treaty and provıded certaın sıgntftcant changes The European Parlıaıııent.Nice antlaşması 26 Şubat 2001'de AB üye devletlerinin dışişleri bakanlan tarafindan imzalandı. Bu şekilde Amsterdam zirvesinin memnun edici olmayan sonuçlarından sonra AB'nin genişlemesi İçin gerekli koşullan yaratması beklenen bir hükümetlerarası zirve tamamlanmış oldu
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