1,720,963 research outputs found
A closed loop biowaste to biofuel integrated process fed with waste frying oil, organic waste and algal biomass: Feasibility at pilot scale
No full textNowadays, the importance of recycle and energy savings is increasing due to the current economic and environmental situation. Many different technologies were developed to exploit biowaste to produce biofuels but they are not always easily available and economically advantageous, especially at small scale. A possible solution could be to couple them in a closed loop process. In this paper, we discuss the technological feasibility of a pilot plant producing biofuels from waste frying oil, solid organic wastes and algal biomass. The crucial point of this work is to the find the best layout and operative conditions in order to use organic wastes and by-products in a closed loop process. The study is carried out through a complete experimental campaign at both lab and pilot scale on the integrated process, consisting of three parts: I) biodiesel and glycerol production by transesterification of waste frying oil added with oil extracted from algal biomass; II) syngas production by gasification of biowaste, added with glycerol to increase the total LCV; III) algal biomass production in airlift photo-bioreactors, fed by the recycled process wastewater rich in glycerol, and capable of capturing carbon dioxide from flue gases and of producing valuable biomass to be reintroduced in the process cycle. Waste oil and organic waste were provided by the University Campus canteen and wood pellets were collected in the Campus park. Quality levels of biodiesel cetane number ranged from 47.7 to 58.4 and LHVs ranged from about 36080 kJ/kg to 36992 kJ/kg. A better syngas quality was found by adding glycerol, and flue gas composition was suitable to partially feed the airlift reactors. On the basis of this first step of experimentation, the technological feasibility of the proposed closed loop integrated process was verified
Sea urchin coelomocytes cultured on nanoporous aluminium oxide as a potential tool for marine environmental monitoring
No full textOceans and seas are of paramount importance to the health of planet Earth and human kind. Marine ecosystems should be defended against attack of polluting agents by continuous monitoring; the means of such monitoring should be as green as possible, i.e. based on sensors manufactured by biocompatible and easily disposable raw materials. In this study, we lay the basis for the future development of biosensors of marine environment based on sea urchin cells cultured on nanoporous aluminium oxide. These cells are promising as in previous works they demonstrated high response to stressors, and the proposed substrates have low costs since fabricated by inexpensive anodization process from consumer quality aluminium foils. Coelomocytes of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were cultured on the nanoporous alumina for up to 5days invitro. Then, a biochemical characterization was carried out, checking the cholinergic system pathway by means of serotonin autofluorescence induced by aldehyde exposure and by expression and functionality of neuroactive molecules, such as acetylcholinesterase and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Both living cell quality and system biochemistry were not affected after the culture, and both electrical modulation and non-self-reactivity were maintained. These findings sug- gest the possibility of using the sea urchin immune cells cultured on nanoporous alumina as tools for monitoring the marine water quality, based on their electrical response
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
I microrganismi causa di malattie di origine alimentare
No full textL’Organizzazione Mondiale delle Sanità
(OMS) definisce le malattie di origine alimentare
(food born diseases) come malattie infettive
o intossicazioni causate dal consumo di alimenti
e di acqua. Queste possono essere suddivise
in:
•• infezioni alimentari, dovute all’ingestione
di cellule vitali o di particelle virali tramite
l’acqua o gli alimenti;
•• intossicazioni, connesse all’ingestione di
tossine prodotte dai microrganismi
nell’alimento.
Qui di seguito si presentano sinteticamente i
principi alla base dell’analisi del rischio microbiologico
negli alimenti e i principali agenti
patogeni microbici responsabili di tossinfezioni
alimentari.
L’obiettivo è fornire le informazioni scientifiche
necessarie per la gestione del rischio
microbiologico nella filiera di produzione degli
alimenti.
Non saranno trattati, se non brevemente, gli
aspetti clinici delle tossinfezioni alimentari
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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