1,223 research outputs found
Simple method of DNA stretching on glass substrate for fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy
No full textWe demonstrate a simple method of stretching DNA to its full length, suitable for optical imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two competing forces on the DNA molecules, which are the electrostatic attraction between positively charged dye molecules (YOYO-1) intercalated into DNA and the negatively charged surface of glass substrate, and the centrifugal force of the rotating substrate, are mainly responsible for the effective stretching and the dispersion of single strands of DNA. The density of stretched DNA molecules could be controlled by the concentration of the dye-stained DNA solution. Stretching of single DNA molecules was confirmed by AFM imaging and the photoluminescence spectra of single DNA molecule stained with YOYO-1 were obtained, suggesting that our method is useful for spectroscopic analysis of DNA at the single molecule level. © 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.1771sciescopu
The image of Krishna in the poems of Mīrā̃ Bāī
No full textThe paper by Tcvetkova S. O. “The image of Krishna in the poems of Mīrā̃ Bāī» deals with the problem
of the religious ideas reflected in the poetical heritage of Mīrā̃ Bāī (1499–1547), the famous poetess and
one of the most prominent exponents of the Krishna bhakti cult in Northern India. It is traditionally
accepted that Mīrā̃ never was a member of any of the religious communities of her age nor was she a
follower of any «earthy» religious preceptor, — it was the Lord Krishna by his own who became her
“true teacher” (satgūru). The scholars nevertheless find in her verses-songs (bhajans) many traces of
the probable influences from the part of some religious sects — namely the influence of the sermons
of the Krishna-bhakti doctrines of Vallābhācārya (1478–1530) and Caitanya (1486–1533) as well as
the teaching of the shaivite yogīs (nāthas). The image of beloved divine Krishna as depicted in the
bhajans of Mīrā̃ can throw light to this question. Krishna is represented in her poetry in two main
appearances: as Gopāl (the Herdsman), the iconic form traditionally accepted in Krishna-bhakti cult,
and as an ascetic yogī (nātha). Analyzing the possible reasons of such an unexpected representation
of Krishna as the latter in the bhajans of a Krishnaite devotee the author of this paper considers it to
be due to the influence of the conception of «bhakti-rasa» elaborated by the school of the followers of
Caitanya. Refs 11
Conviviality?: Eating Together with Hare Krishna Believers
No full textThe practice of eating together is of increasing interest in social scientific fields. Often referred to as "conviviality" or "commensality," eating together is on global decline. It is claimed that the absence or presence of the practice impacts mental development, physical health, sports achievement, and substance abuse. The decrease may be explained by changing lifestyle practices and labour patterns influenced by urbanisation, materialism, and consumerism. Led by an interest in Hare Krishna dietary practices, the researcher visited three Hare Krishna eco-communities in Europe to observe their food-sharing programmes and daily living. Food-sharing programmes are arranged to represent Krishna philosophy coupled with a lifestyle alternative based on simplicity, non-violence, and caring. As well as teaching about food, Hare Krishna communities provide a detailed educational programme on environmental sustainability through guided eco-tours and lifestyle practices. Apart from observations and participatory action, twenty-nine interviews were conducted to tease out details of Hare Krishna food practices from growing food to sharing it with others. The researcher utilised some tenets and methods of social practice theory to understand and analyse the community's dietary practices. Findings show a high level of conviviality in the community when outreach programmes and food-sharing schemes are executed. However, eating together in the official settings of temple communities falls short of the expected sociability and conviviality by encouraging individual introspection and seclusion. While the Hare Krishna movement proves exemplary in cordially sharing with outsiders more sustainable food and dietary competences, some of its spiritual practices may counterbalance the efficacy of the community's ecological education. Apart from its social scientific applications, this research offers a point of departure for interfaith discussions about eating together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Formation of nanosized monolayer MoS2 by oxygen-assisted thinning of multilayer MoS2
No full textWe report the controllable nanosized local thinning of multi-layer (2 L and 3 L)-thickness MoS2 films down to the monolayer (1 L) thickness using the simple method of annealing in a dry oxygen atmosphere. The annealing temperature was optimized in the range of 240 °C to 270 °C for 1.5 h, and 1 L thick nanosized pits were developed on the uniform film of the 2 L and 3 L MoS2 grown using the chemical vapor deposition method. We characterized the formation of the 1 L nanosized pits using nanoscale confocal photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. We observed that the PL intensity increased and the Raman frequency shifted, representative of the characteristics of 1 L MoS2 films. A subsequent hydrogen treatment process was useful for removing the oxygen-induced doping effect resulting from the annealing. © 2016 Author(s)6711sciescopu
Study on the long-term stability issues of the headrace tunnel of Ulset Hydropower Project
No full textDen norske vannkraftindutrien er et resultat av over hundre år med erfaring fra utvikling
av design og bygging av vannkraftprosjekter. Erfaringene har resultert i en norsk spesialitet,
ufôrete trykktunneler og -sjakter. Ufôrete trykktunneler og -sjakter kommer av en
sikringsfilosofi som godtar noe nedfall gjennom driftstiden til kraftverket. Sikring er bare
installert i områder med ekstremt dårlig bergmassekvalitet.
En deregulering av energimarkedet i 1991 førte til en forandring av produksjonsmønsteret,
fra kontinuerlig produksjon til effektivkjøring, av noen vannkraftverk. Denne forandringen
gir opphav til en økning i antall start-og-stopp sekvenser av turbinene, som setter
igang trykksvingninger langs tunnelsystemet. Det nye produksjonsmønsteret har blitt implementert
hos Ulset Kraftverk, hvor en inspeksjon i 2017 avslørte mange ustabiliteter
langs tilløpstunnelen. En vurdering av langtidsstabiliteten til tunnelen har derfor blitt gjennomført
i denne opggaven. Fokuset har vært på vann og trykksvingningers påvirkning på
stabiliteten til tilløpstunnelen.
Ingeniørgeologiske forhold og ustabiliteter langs tilløpstunnelen har blitt studert gjennom
litteratur, tunnelbefaringsrapporter, felttur og laboratorieundersøkelser i prosjektarbeidet
gjennomført høsten 2018. Disse dataene, sammen med ny informasjon har blitt brukt i
denne avhandlingen for å identifisere ustabilitetene i tilløpstunnelen til Ulset Kraftverk
og systematisere disse i fire kategorier. Disse kategoriene er avskalling/sprak (spalling),
nedfall pga. høye spenninger (stress induced rock fall), nedfall pga. strukturer (structurally
controlled rock fall) og svakhetssoner. Hovedårsaken til mye av nedfallet i tunnelen er
høye horisontalspenninger som virker parallelt med foliasjonen til en meget anisotropisk
kvartsitisk skifer. Det struktur-genererte nedfallet er begrenset til den sprengte delen av
tilløpstunnelen.
Stabilitetsvurdering av ustabilitetene har blitt utført. Potensialet for spraking og dens
dybde har blitt evaluert gjennom emipiriske metoder. Bedømmelse av sprekkeavløste
blokker og kiler har blitt utført med likevektsberegninger og med programvaren Unwedge
fra Rocscience. Spennningsrelaterte nedfall har blitt undersøkt gjennom numerisk modellering
i RS2. Den største teoretiske trykkøkningen fra massesvingninger er beregnet og
inkorporert i analysen.
Det er laget en tidslinje over bruddene som har oppstått i tunnelen. Den avslørte at
det har vært en økning i antall og størrelse av nedfall etter dereguleringen av energimarkedet.
Denne trenden antyder at massesvingningene kan ha og fortsatt har innvirkning
på langtidsstabiliteten til tunnelen. Denne påvirkningen er derimot ikke godt nok undersøkt,
og videre forskning kreves for å forstå interaksjonen mellom trykksvingningene
og bergmassen.The Norwegian hydropower industry is a result of over 100 years of experience in the
development of design and construction of hydropower projects. The experience has resulted
in a Norwegian speciality, the unlined high pressure tunnels and shafts. Unlined
water tunnels have been possible due to a support philosophy which allows some rock fall
during the operation time of the hydropower plant. Support is only applied in areas with
very poor rock conditions.
A de-regulation of the power market in 1991 caused a change in the production scheme,
from supply to demand driven, of some hydropower plants. The change results in higher
frequencies of start-and-stop cycles of the turbines, which initiates pressure fluctuations
along the tunnel system. This production pattern has been implemented at Ulset Hydropower
Project, where an inspection in 2017 revealed various instability issues along
the headrace tunnel. An assessment of the long-term stability of the tunnel has been carried
out in this thesis. The focus has been on how water and pressure fluctuations, due to
mass oscillations, impact the stability of the headrace tunnel.
Engineering geological conditions and instability issues along the headrace tunnel were
studied through literature, tunnel inspection reports, field mapping and laboratory work
during the Project work of fall 2018. This data together with new information were in
this thesis used to identify the instabilities and failures experienced at Ulset, which were
systematised into four categories. The categories are spalling, stress induced rock fall,
structurally controlled rock fall and weakness zones. The major contributors to the rock
falls are high horizontal stresses which are parallel to the foliation of a highly anisotropic
quartzitic schist. The structurally controlled rock falls are restricted to the D&B part of the
tunnel system.
Back analysis of the failures have been carried out. Spalling potential and depth have been
evaluated through empirical methods. Assessment of block and wedge falls have been
conducted with limit equilibrium analysis and the Rocsceince software Unwedge. The
stress induced rock falls are examined through numerical modelling in RS2. The worst
case pressure increase due to mass oscillations have been calculated and incorporated in
the analyses.
A timeline of the failures has been made, which reveals an increase in the number and
size of rock falls in the headrace tunnel after the de-regulation of the power market. This
trend suggests that the pressure fluctuations, due to mass oscillations, may have had and
still have an impact on the long-term stability of the tunnel. However, the effect of pressure
fluctuations is not well studied, and further research is necessary to understand the
interaction between pressure fluctuations and the rock mass
The Hare Krishna Movement -- An Analysis
No full textFor this thesis on the Hare Krishna movement, the author combined a study of pertinent literature with personal interviewing of devotees and observation of the daily activities of temple-dwelling members. Surprisingly, there has been little written on the movement aside from some rather flippant magazine articles, and a few paragraphs in books that purport to analyze the "Hew Religions in America." The movement illustrates specifically a larger trend \ud
in American society characterized by a turning to spiritual concerns, a rejection of affluence and "conspicuous consumption", and general rejection of middle class values. Although these are traits shared with a welter of different subgroups in our society such as the Jesus people, Transcendental meditationists, Dharma bums, and a good many "alienated college students," the Krishna movement nevertheless stands out for its cohesiveness as a group and the sincere all-consuming concern of the devotees for their spiritual lives. This thesis addresses the similarities of Krishna worshippers to other spiritual movements of the present day in that there is a stratum of people (mostly between the ages of 16 and 26) from which all these movements draw their adherents, and between which there is back and forth switching of allegiances
Stability assesment of the headrace tunnel system at Brattset Hydropower Project
No full textUnlined high pressure tunnels and shafts are regarded as a Norwegian specialty in the hydropower industry. During the last 60 years, more than 4000 km of hydropower tunnels have been excavated, where most of the tunnels have only 2-4 \% of concrete or shotcrete lining. The development of the hydropower industry in Norway has been possible due to cost saving solutions such as the unlined high pressure tunnels and shafts, and air cushion chambers.
In the coming years, the Norwegian hydropower system will be an important resource for balancing the demand and production in the European electricity market. This will require a change in the production pattern, from supply driven to demand driven, which involve higher frequencies of start-and-stop sequences of the turbines in the hydropower plant. This production pattern is in use at Brattset Hydropower Project, where there has been an increase in rock falls and other stability problems in the recent years.
Stability assessments of the different instability issues experienced at Brattset have been carried out. Both empirical and analytical methods are applied, as well as numerical modelling. Input parameters to the analyzes are based on laboratory work, field observations and evaluation of rock mass parameters found in literature. The pressure amplitudes of hydraulic transients at Brattset are also estimated.
It is suggested that due to its long period, the mass oscillations that arise from fluctuating production will have the potential to affect the stability. The effects are mainly concentrated to discontinuities and would influence on the long-term stability of unlined tunnels. The degree of jointing is an important factor in relation to the proposed effects. The water pressure fluctuations due to mass oscillations would therefore be most critical for hydropower schemes situated in jointed rock mass. In order to fully understand the consequences of the new production regime, further research is required. This could involve continuous monitoring of the pressure response within discontinuities during fluctuating operation of the hydropower plants
Study on the long-term stability issues of the headrace tunnel of Ulset Hydropower Project
No full textDen norske vannkraftindutrien er et resultat av over hundre år med erfaring fra utvikling
av design og bygging av vannkraftprosjekter. Erfaringene har resultert i en norsk spesialitet,
ufôrete trykktunneler og -sjakter. Ufôrete trykktunneler og -sjakter kommer av en
sikringsfilosofi som godtar noe nedfall gjennom driftstiden til kraftverket. Sikring er bare
installert i områder med ekstremt dårlig bergmassekvalitet.
En deregulering av energimarkedet i 1991 førte til en forandring av produksjonsmønsteret,
fra kontinuerlig produksjon til effektivkjøring, av noen vannkraftverk. Denne forandringen
gir opphav til en økning i antall start-og-stopp sekvenser av turbinene, som setter
igang trykksvingninger langs tunnelsystemet. Det nye produksjonsmønsteret har blitt implementert
hos Ulset Kraftverk, hvor en inspeksjon i 2017 avslørte mange ustabiliteter
langs tilløpstunnelen. En vurdering av langtidsstabiliteten til tunnelen har derfor blitt gjennomført
i denne opggaven. Fokuset har vært på vann og trykksvingningers påvirkning på
stabiliteten til tilløpstunnelen.
Ingeniørgeologiske forhold og ustabiliteter langs tilløpstunnelen har blitt studert gjennom
litteratur, tunnelbefaringsrapporter, felttur og laboratorieundersøkelser i prosjektarbeidet
gjennomført høsten 2018. Disse dataene, sammen med ny informasjon har blitt brukt i
denne avhandlingen for å identifisere ustabilitetene i tilløpstunnelen til Ulset Kraftverk
og systematisere disse i fire kategorier. Disse kategoriene er avskalling/sprak (spalling),
nedfall pga. høye spenninger (stress induced rock fall), nedfall pga. strukturer (structurally
controlled rock fall) og svakhetssoner. Hovedårsaken til mye av nedfallet i tunnelen er
høye horisontalspenninger som virker parallelt med foliasjonen til en meget anisotropisk
kvartsitisk skifer. Det struktur-genererte nedfallet er begrenset til den sprengte delen av
tilløpstunnelen.
Stabilitetsvurdering av ustabilitetene har blitt utført. Potensialet for spraking og dens
dybde har blitt evaluert gjennom emipiriske metoder. Bedømmelse av sprekkeavløste
blokker og kiler har blitt utført med likevektsberegninger og med programvaren Unwedge
fra Rocscience. Spennningsrelaterte nedfall har blitt undersøkt gjennom numerisk modellering
i RS2. Den største teoretiske trykkøkningen fra massesvingninger er beregnet og
inkorporert i analysen.
Det er laget en tidslinje over bruddene som har oppstått i tunnelen. Den avslørte at
det har vært en økning i antall og størrelse av nedfall etter dereguleringen av energimarkedet.
Denne trenden antyder at massesvingningene kan ha og fortsatt har innvirkning
på langtidsstabiliteten til tunnelen. Denne påvirkningen er derimot ikke godt nok undersøkt,
og videre forskning kreves for å forstå interaksjonen mellom trykksvingningene
og bergmassen
Stability assesment of the headrace tunnel system at Brattset Hydropower Project
No full textUnlined high pressure tunnels and shafts are regarded as a Norwegian specialty in the hydropower industry. During the last 60 years, more than 4000 km of hydropower tunnels have been excavated, where most of the tunnels have only 2-4 \% of concrete or shotcrete lining. The development of the hydropower industry in Norway has been possible due to cost saving solutions such as the unlined high pressure tunnels and shafts, and air cushion chambers.
In the coming years, the Norwegian hydropower system will be an important resource for balancing the demand and production in the European electricity market. This will require a change in the production pattern, from supply driven to demand driven, which involve higher frequencies of start-and-stop sequences of the turbines in the hydropower plant. This production pattern is in use at Brattset Hydropower Project, where there has been an increase in rock falls and other stability problems in the recent years.
Stability assessments of the different instability issues experienced at Brattset have been carried out. Both empirical and analytical methods are applied, as well as numerical modelling. Input parameters to the analyzes are based on laboratory work, field observations and evaluation of rock mass parameters found in literature. The pressure amplitudes of hydraulic transients at Brattset are also estimated.
It is suggested that due to its long period, the mass oscillations that arise from fluctuating production will have the potential to affect the stability. The effects are mainly concentrated to discontinuities and would influence on the long-term stability of unlined tunnels. The degree of jointing is an important factor in relation to the proposed effects. The water pressure fluctuations due to mass oscillations would therefore be most critical for hydropower schemes situated in jointed rock mass. In order to fully understand the consequences of the new production regime, further research is required. This could involve continuous monitoring of the pressure response within discontinuities during fluctuating operation of the hydropower plants
FIGURE 1. A in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 1. A. Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), the founder of taxonomy; B. Pierre A. Latreille, author of the family Termitidae; C. Charles De Geer, French naturalist; D. Johann C. Fabricius, Danish entomologist and one of the more successful "apostles" of Linnaeus.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 12, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
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