97 research outputs found
Genotyping in 46 patients with tentative diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome revealed unexpected phenotypic variation
No full textPublished online 1 September 2004To define the range of phenotypic expression in Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS; Franceschetti–Klein syndrome), we performed mutation analysis in the TCOF1 gene in 46 patients with tentative diagnosis of TCS and evaluated the clinical data, including a scoring system. A total of 27 coding exons of TCOF1 and adjacent splice junctions were analysed by direct sequencing. In 36 patients with a clinically unequivocal diagnosis of TCS, we detected 28 pathogenic mutations, including 25 novel alterations. No mutation was identified in the remaining eight patients with unequivocal diagnosis of TCS and 10 further patients, in whom the referring diagnosis of TCS was clinically doubtful. There is no overt genotype–phenotype correlation except that conductive deafness is significantly less frequent in patients with mutations in the 3' part of the open reading frame. Inter- and intrafamilial variation is wide. Some mutation carriers, parents of typically affected patients, are so mildly affected that the diagnosis might be overlooked clinically. This suggests that modifying factors are important for phenotypic expression. Based on these findings, minimal diagnostic criteria were defined: downward slanting palpebral fissures and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arch. The difficulties in genetic counselling, especially diagnosis of family members with a mild phenotype, are described.Özge Altug Teber, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Sven Fischer, Stefan Böhringer, Beate Albrecht, Angelika Albert, Mine Arslan-Kirchner, Eric Haan, Monika Hagedorn-Greiwe, Christof Hammans, Wolfram Henn, Georg Klaus Hinkel, Rainer König, Erdmute Kunstmann, Jürgen Kunze, Luitgard M Neumann, Eva-Christina Prott, Anita Rauch, Hans-Dieter Rott, Heide Seide, Stephanie Spranger, Martin Sprengel, Barbara Zoll, Dietmar R Lohmann and Dagmar Wieczore
A new face of Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome? De novo mutations in PHF6 in seven females with a distinct phenotype
No full textBACKGROUND: Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is an X-linked recessive intellectual disability (ID) disorder caused by mutations in the PHF6 gene and characterised by variable cognitive impairment, a distinct facial gestalt, obesity, and hypogonadism. Female carriers are usually not affected or only mildly affected, and so far only two females with de novo mutations or deletions in PHF6 have been reported.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed PHF6 mutational analysis and screening for intragenic deletions and duplications by quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in female patients with variable ID and a distinct appearance of sparse hair, remarkable facial features, hypoplastic nails, and teeth anomalies. We detected two truncating mutations and two duplications of exons 4 and 5. Furthermore, two female patients with PHF6 deletions and a similar phenotype were identified by routine molecular karyotyping. Recently, two patients with a clinical diagnosis of Coffin-Siris syndrome in early infancy had been found to harbour mutations in PHF6, and their phenotype in advanced ages is now described. Further studies revealed skewed X-inactivation in blood lymphocytes, while it was normal in fibroblasts, thus indicating functional mosaicism.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that de novo defects in PHF6 in females result in a recognisable phenotype which might have been under-recognised so far and which comprises variable ID, a characteristic facial gestalt, hypoplastic nails, brachydactyly, clinodactyly mainly of fingers IV and V, dental anomalies, and linear skin hyperpigmentation. It shows overlap with BFLS but also additional distinct features, thus adding a new facet to this disorder
Clinical report of 8 patients with 49,XXXXY syndrome: Delineation of the facial gestalt and depiction of the clinical spectrum.
No full text49,XXXXY syndrome is a rare sex chromosome aneuploidy syndrome. Cognitive impairment with expressive language deficits in combination with developmental and speech dyspraxia are cardinal symptoms. Testicular insufficiency becomes apparent during adolescence. Neurological, musculoskeletal, genital, orthodontic and immunological anomalies are common and a higher incidence of congenital malformations has been described. Here we show the evolving clinical and facial phenotype of eight boys and men with 49,XXXXY, demonstrating an increasingly perceptible distinct facial gestalt over time. In addition, almost all patients had muscular hypotonia, radioulnar synostosis, white matter anomalies, fifth-finger clinodactyly, recurrent respiratory infections in early childhood and teeth anomalies. IQ scores ranged between 40 and 70. Though many boys showed short stature at some point in early childhood, most outgrew it. As more long term data of boys and men with 49,XXXXY become available, parents of affected boys can be counseled more specifically as to the expected course and spectrum of this rare chromosomal disorder. Moreover, the multidisciplinary support can be optimized und unnecessary diagnostics avoided
A Novel RAB33B Mutation in Smith-McCort Dysplasia
No full textInternational audienceSmith-McCort dysplasia (SMC) is a rare autosomal recessive spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with skeletal features identical to those of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome (DMC) but with normal intelligence and no microcephaly. Although both syndromes were shown to result from mutations in the DYM gene, which encodes the Golgi protein DYMECLIN, a few SMC patients remained negative in DYM mutation screening. Recently, autozygosity mapping and exome sequencing in a large SMC family have allowed the identification of a missense mutation in RAB33B, another Golgi protein involved in retrograde transport of Golgi vesicles. Here, we report a novel RAB33B mutation in a second SMC case that leads to a marked reduction of the protein as shown by Western blot and immunofluorescence. These data confirm the genetic heterogeneity of SMC dysplasia and highlight the role of Golgi transport in the pathogenesis of SMC and DMC syndromes
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1: clinical spectrum and relevance of EXOSC3 mutations
No full textPontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscular atrophy, also known as PCH1, is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by generalized muscle weakness and global developmental delay commonly resulting in early death. Gene defects had been discovered only in single patients until the recent identification of EXOSC3 mutations in several families with relatively mild course of PCH1. We aim to genetically stratify subjects in a large and well-defined cohort to define the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation
Characterization of a supernumerary ring chromosome 1 mosaicism in two cell systems by molecular cytogenetic techniques and review of the literature
No full text
Haploinsufficiency of the NOTCH1 Receptor as a Cause of Adams-Oliver Syndrome With Variable Cardiac Anomalies
No full textThis work was supported by the British Heart Foundation [RG/08/006/25302 to R.C.T.], the German Research Foundation [DFG; ZE 524/2-3 to M.Z.] and a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award [102627/Z/13/Z to R.C.T.]. A.S.V.K. is the recipient of a PrimerDesign Gold level student sponsorship. E.J.T. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow. R.C.T. held a Senior Investigator Award from the NIHR
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