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Introduction
Full text linkThe relationship between civil servants and politics is a delicate one (weber 1922), and it is well known that the formal dichotomy between the political and administrative branch is to a certain extent artificial. While some early thinkers about bureaucracy – such as wilson in the late 1880s – departed from the assumption that ‘politics’ could be clearly distinguished from ‘administration’ (wilson 1887), later scholars argued that reality was more complex. They emphasised that in day-to-day policymaking civil servants are under continuous political pressure and that politics also plays an important role at the administrative level (long 1949; simon et al 1950). In the early 1970s scholars of bureaucratic politics developed an explicit ‘bureaucratic’ politics interpretation of policymaking (allison 1971).1keywordscivil servanteuropean parliamentsocial politicisationparliamentary democracyministerial cabinetthese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves
Managerialism and politicization in the Dutch civil service
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Conclusion
Full text linkThe relationship between civil servants and politicians is a fascinating one. Due to their mutual interdependence, both groups are required to cooperate but at the same time there is also a continuous risk of tension and conflict. Politicians might fear being overshadowed by their technical experts while civil servants are wary of being deprived of their professional autonomy. The tension reflects a broader concern in policymaking of the often contradictory demands for both efficiency and legitimacy. For reasons of efficiency it is important that the civil service has a certain degree of independence and detachment of politics. The requirement of democratically legitimate and accountable decision making, however, asks for steering and control from the political level.keywordscivil servantadministrative leveleuropean parliamentparty membershipministerial cabinetthese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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