1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Estimation of the Energy Recovery and Emission Potential of Typically Incinerated Norwegian Waste Classes
Get PDFEn stor utfordring for søppelforbrenningsanlegg er variasjon og usikkerhet angående brenselet. Dette kan føre til at forbrenningsanleggene ikke kjører optimalt, noe som kan redusere energi produksjonen og kontroll på utslippene. Brenselet kan beskrives ved å bruke surrogater. Dette er en metode hvor de hundre eller tusenvis av ulike stoffene i et brensel blir forklart ved hjelp av noen få surrogatstoffer, som gjør det enklere å modellere brenselet. Surrogatene gir et anslag av øvre brennverdi samt fraksjonene av biomasse, oljebasert avfall og uorganiske stoffer.
Denne masteroppgaven fant surrogater for avfallsklasser sendt til forbrenning ved å bruke en minste kvadraters løsning mellom surrogatstoffene og eksperimentelle verdier. De fleste surrogatstoffene var fra to eksisterende modeller i literaturen, men tre nye stoffer ble lagd for å forbedre formuleringen av avfallsklasser som inneholdt avfall fra fossile kilder, gummi og PET. De nye stoffene ble lagd ved å lage reaksjoner basert på eksperimentelle data fra literaturen, for så å teste disse reaksjonene under pyrolyseforhold i en stokastisk reaktor modell.
Surrogatene til avfallsklassene ble funnet ved å først dele avfallet i komponenter, for så å finne surrogatene til hver komponent. Det ble funnet surrogater til 41 komponenter, som deretter ble brukt til å lage surrogater for 30 avfallsklasser. Resultatene viste at surrogatene representerte komposisjonen til avfallsklassene nøyaktig sammenlignet med eksperimentelle verdier. En statistisk oversikt av de eksperimentelle og modellerte verdiene for avfallsklassene ble også lagd. Oversikten er relevant for interessenter i avfallsbransjen og for annen forskning, f.eks. livsløpsanalyse.A great challenge for waste-to-energy power plants is their uncertain and variable feedstock, which can lead to the power plants not being run as efficiently as possible, leading to reduced energy output and control of emissions. A way to describe the feedstock is to use surrogates. This is a method where the hundreds or thousands of different species of a feedstock are modelled using a few surrogate species, enabling the feedstock’s modelling. The surrogates also provide an estimation of the HHV and the fraction of biomass, oil-based waste and inorganics.
This thesis formulated surrogates for waste classes typically incinerated, using a linear least-square solution between available surrogate species and experimental values. Most of the species used were from two existing models in the literature, but three new species were created to improve the representation of some waste classes containing fossil-originated wastes, rubber and PET. These were made by creating reactions based on experimental data from the literature and then testing these reactions under pyrolysis conditions in a stochastic reactor model.
The surrogates for the waste classes were formulated by first dividing the waste into components and then finding the surrogate formulation for each component. There were found surrogates for 41 components, which were used to create the surrogate formulation for 30 waste classes. It was found that most of the surrogates modelled the elemental composition accurately compared to experimental values. A statistical overview of the experimental and model data for the waste classes was also created. This overview is relevant for stakeholders in waste management and for other research, such as life-cycle analysi
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Simulation und Bewertung motorischer Klopfereignisse
No full textSophisticated engine knock modeling supports the optimization of the thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines. For this purpose the presented work introduces the resonance theory (Bradley and co-workers, 2002) for three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and for the zero-dimensional Spark Ignition Stochastic Reactor Model (SI-SRM) simulations. Hereby, the auto-ignition in the unburnt gases is investigated directly instead of the resulting pressure fluctuations. Based on the detonation diagram auto-ignition events can be classified to be in acceptable deflagration regime or possibly turn to a harmful developing detonation.
Combustion is modeled using detailed chemistry and formulations for turbulent flame propagation. The use of detailed chemistry caters for the prediction of physical and chemical properties, such as the octane rating, C:H:O-ratio or dilution. For both models, the laminar flame speed is retrieved from surrogate specific look-up tables compiled using the reaction mechanism for Ethanol containing Toluene Reference Fuels by Seidel (2017). In the fresh gas zone, the scheme is used for auto-ignition prediction. For this purpose, the G-equation coupled with a Well-Stirred-Reactor model is applied in RANS. In analogy, in the SI-SRM the combustion is modeled using a two zone model with stochastic mixing between the particles.
RANS is used to develop the knock classification methodology and to analyze in detail location, size and shape of the auto-ignition kernels. RANS estimates the ensemble average of the process and therefore cannot reproduce a developing detonation. Hence, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to verify the methodology. Studies using wide ranges of surrogates with different octane rating and cycle-to-cycle variations are carried out using the computationally efficient SI-SRM. Cyclic variations are predicted based on stochastic mixing, stochastic heat transfer to the wall, varying exhaust gas recirculation composition and imposed probability density functions for the inflammation time and the scaling of the mixing time retrieved from RANS.
The methodology is verified for spark timing and octane rating. It is shown that the surrogate formulation has an important impact on knock prediction.
RANS is suitable to predict the mean strength of auto-ignition in the unburnt gas if the thermodynamic and chemical state of the ignition kernel is analyzed instead of the pressure gradients. The probability of the transition to knocking combustion can be determined. Good agreement between RANS and SI-SRM are obtained. The combination of both tools gives insights of local effects using RANS and the distribution of auto-ignition in the whole pressure range of an operating point using SI-SRM with reasonable computationally cost for development purposes.Detaillierte Klopfmodelle unterstützen den Entwicklungsprozess zur Optimierung des thermischen Wirkungsgrads von Ottomotoren. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert einen neuen Ansatz zur Bewertung von motorischen Klopfen mittels der Resonanztheorie (Bradley und Kollegen, 2002) für die Nutzung in dreidimensionalen Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulationen (RANS) und im nulldimensionalen Spark Ignition Stochastic Reactor Model (SI-SRM). Hierbei wird die Selbstentzündung in den unverbrannten Gasen direkt untersucht anstatt der resultierenden Druckwelle. Mit Hilfe des Detonationsdiagramms können Selbstzündungsereignisse klassifiziert und der mögliche Übergang zu einer schädlichen, sich aufbauenden Detonation bestimmt werden.
Die vorgemischte Verbrennung wird mittels detaillierter Chemie und einer Beschreibung der turbulenten Flammenausbreitung modelliert. Die Verwendung von detaillierter Chemie ermöglicht die Vorhersage physikalischer und chemischer Prozesse, zum Beispiel, abhängig von der Oktanzahl, dem C:H:O-Verhältniss oder der Verdünnung. Für beide Modelle wird die laminare Flammengeschwindigkeit aus Tabellen abgerufen, die unter Verwendung des Reaktionsmechanismus für Ethanol haltige Toluol-Referenzkraftstoffe (ETRF) von Seidel (2017) unter Berücksichtigung der Zusammensetzung des Ersatzkraftstoffes erstellt werden. In den unverbrannten Gasen wir der Reaktionsmechanismus für die Simulation der Selbstzündung genutzt. Zu diesem Zweck wird in RANS die G-Gleichung mit einem Well-Stirred-Reactor (WSR) Modell gekoppelt. In Analogie wird im SI-SRM ein Zwei-Zonen-Modell mit stochastischer Mischung der Partikel verwendet.
RANS wird zur Entwicklung der Methodik zur Klopfbewertung und zur detaillierten Analyse von Position, Größe und Form der Selbstentzündungskerne verwendet. RANS liefert ensemble-gemittelte Größen und kann daher eine entstehende Detonation nicht auflösen. Daher wird die Methodik mit Large Eddy Simulationen (LES) verifiziert. Für Studien, die viele verschiede Ersatzkraftstoffe mit unterschiedlichen Oktanzahlen und zyklische Schwankungen untersuchen, wird das SI-SRM aufgrund der kurzen Rechenzeiten genutzt. Zyklische Schwankungen werden basierend auf stochastischem Mischen der virtuellen Partikeln, stochastischem Wärmeübergang zur Wand, variierende Zusammensetzung der zurück geführten Abgase und vorgegeben Verteilungsfunktionen für Entflammung und Mischungszeit modelliert.
Die Methodik wurde hinsichtlich der Reaktion auf Zündzeitpunkt und Oktanzahl verifiziert. Die Zusammensetzung des Ersatzkraftstoffs hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Vorhersage des motorischen Klopfens. RANS ist geeignet, die mittlere Stärke der Selbstzündung im unverbrannten Gas vorherzusagen, wenn der thermodynamische und chemische Zustand des Zündkerns analysiert wird anstatt des Druckgradientens. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Übergangs zu einer sich aufbauenden Detonation (Klopfen) kann bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse von RANS und SI-SRM stimmen gut überein. Die Kombination beider Werkzeuge ermöglicht die Untersuchung lokaler Effekte (RANS) und die Verteilung der Selbstzündung über die gesamte Ausdehnung des maximalen Druckes eines Betriebspunktes (SI-SRM) mit vertretbarem rechnerischem Aufwand für den Einsatz in der Motorenentwicklung
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
