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Implementasi Permenkes Nomor 812 Tahun 2010 tentang Tata Laksana Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Hemodialisis di Indonesia
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Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) RI No. 812 tahun 2010 tentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan dialisis pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (yankes) di Indonesia menimbulkan masalah bagi penderita gagal ginjal kronis. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui tinjauan pustaka pada sejumlah artikel, laporan penelitian, dan jurnal serta diskusi/konsultasi melalui daring. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teori Miles & Hubermans. Kajian dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2020 s.d. Maret 2021. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Permenkes No. 812/2010 tentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan dialisis pada fasilitas yankes (fasyankes) belum optimal. Ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, sumber daya manusia (SDM), alat, mesin, cairan dialisat, dan obat belum terbagi merata di seluruh Indonesia. Banyak pasien belum mendapatkan pelayanan hemodialisis (HD) 2 kali seminggu. Jumlah pasien dialisis terus meningkat, sekitar 20 ribu pasien belum mendapatkan akses pengobatan, pemilihan jenis terapi HD dan continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) yang dilaksanakan sesuai rekomendasi dokter. Pasien belum mendapat dosis obat dan waktu HD yang cukup karena berbagai kendala. RS/Klinik belum melakukan kunjungan rumah dalam rangka edukasi dan pemantauan, pasien dialisis berpotensi mengalami komplikasi/infeksi/kematian (drop out). Monev belum berjalan optimal, pembiayaan HD lebih mahal dari CAPD membebani keuangan negara, pelatihan dialisis masih minim di RS/Klinik. Kebijakan pelayanan dialisis saat ini belum terpadu. Belum ada pencerahan rohani dan kewajiban pencabutan/pemotongan alat dialisis bagi pasien muslim ketika sudah meninggal di rumah. Kajian ini merekomendasikan perlu melakukan perubahan Permenkes No. 812 tahun 2010 pasal 15 ayat 1 dan 2, seiring dengan upaya yang bisa dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan dan Rumah Sakit dalam memperkuat sistem kesehatan dan mutu pelayanan bagi pasien dialisis.
Kata kunci: Kebijakan Kesehatan, Pelayanan Dialisis, Penyakit Gagal Ginjal
Abstract
Implementation of Permenkes No. 812 of 2010 concerning the implementation of dialysis services in health facilities in Indonesia causing problems for people with cordic kidney failure. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods, data collection techniques through literature reviews in a number of articles, research reports, and journals and discussions / consultations through online. The data was obtained in the analysis with miles hubermans theory. Conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. The results concluded that the implementation of Permenkes No. 812/2010 on The Implementation of Dialysis Services in Health Care Facilities has not been optimal. The availability of facilities and infrastructure, human resources, tools, machinery, dialysis fluids, and drugs has not been evenly divided throughout Indonesia. Many patients do not get hemodialysis therapy (HD) services twice a week. Dialysis patients continue to increase, about 20 thousand patients have not received access to treatment, the selection of types of hemodialysis therapy HD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) implemented according to the recommendations of doctors. Patients have not received enough HD doses drugs and time due to various obstacles. Hospitals /Clinics have not made home visits in the framework of education and monitoring, dialysis patients have the potential to experience complications / infections / deaths (droup out). Monev has not run optimally, HD financing is more expensive than CAPD burdening the country’s finances, dialysis training is still minimal in hospitals / clinics. The current dialysis service policy is not yet integrated. There has been no spiritual revocation and obligation to revocation/cut dialysis equipment for Muslim patients when they have died at home. This study of authors recommends policy solutions that need changes to Permenkes No. 812 of 2010 article 15 paragraphs 1 and 2. And concrete efforts that can be done by the Ministry of Health, Hospitals, and Health Services.
Keywords: Health Policy, Dialysis Services, Kidney Failure
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Hamil Memilih Penolong Persalinan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Malakopa Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
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Kematian ibu dan anak masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Risiko mengalami kematian ibu atau bayi bagi ibu melahirkan sangat dipengaruhi di mana seorang ibu hamil memilih penolong persalinan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ibu hamil dalam memilih penolong persalinan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Malakopa Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan pada Puskesmas Malakopa Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai Provinsi Sumatrera Barat bulan Maret 2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara random sampling, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian Ibu hamil di wilayah Puskesmas Malakopa yang memilih bersalin dengan tenaga kesehatan sebesar 62,9%, persalinan ditolong oleh tenaga non kesehatan sebesar 37,1%. Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara faktor internal dan eksternal pada kelompok ibu hamil terhadap pemilihan penolong persalinan. Untuk itu disarankan dalam meningkatkan cakupan persalinan nakes di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Malakopa Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai diperlukan perhatian kusus bagi tenaga kesehatan terhadap faktor yang mempengaruhi ibu hamil dalam memilih penolong persalinan.
Kata kunci: Ibu Hamil, Penolong Persalinan
Abstract
Maternal and child mortality is still becoming health problem. The risk of having a mother or baby’s death for the mother of childbirth is strongly influenced where a pregnant woman chooses a birth attendant. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence pregnant women in choosing birth attendants in the working area of Malakopa Health Center, Mentawai Islands District. This research is quantitative method with cross- sectional design. Data was collected at Malakopa Health Center, Mentawai Islands District, West Sumatera Province, in March 2017. The sampling technique was random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Collecting data through observation, interviews, and document review. The results of the study of pregnant women in the Malakopa Health Center area who chose to give birth with health workers were 62.9%, deliveries were assisted by non-health workers by 37.1%. The statistic test showed no significant relationship between internal and external factors in the group of pregnant women on the selection of birth attendants. It is recommended that in increasing coverage of health workers in the working area of the Malakopa Health Center, Mentawai District need special attention for health workers on factors that affect pregnant women in choosing birth attendants.
Keywords: Pregnant Women, Birth attendant
Penganggaran dan Penerimaan Dana Kapitasi Program JKN di Daerah Terpencil Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
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Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dilaksanakan atas hak setiap warga negara memperoleh layanan kesehatan, baik yang bertempat tinggal di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan termasuk di daerah terpencil perbatasan kepulauan. Pelaksana program JKN dilaksanakan oleh unit pelayanan kesehatan mulai dari pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas sampai dengan pelayanan kesehatan rujukan di rumah sakit dengan pembayaran yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pelaksana Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS) kepada unit pelaksana pelayanan kesehatan dengan mekanisme transfer berdasarkan sistem dana kapitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelaksanaan penganggaran dan penerimaan dana kapitasi tenaga kesehatan program jaminan kesehatan nasional di daerah terpencil Puskesmas Mapaddegat Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan informasi melalui observasi wawancara mendalam terhadap informan dan informan kunci dan Dokumentasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan januari s/d juni 2017. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa pelaksanaan penganggaran dan penerima dana kapitasi tenaga kesehatan pada tahun 2014-2015 belum berjalan sesuai ketentuan pembayaran, tahun 2016 masih ditemukan permasalahan pembayaran norma kapitasi oleh BPJS Kesehatan sudah normatif namun belum sesuai dengan jumlah peserta yang terdaftar. Tahun 2017 penerimaan dana kapitasi sudah berjalan lebih baik dibuktikan dengan telah teradministrasi dan terdokumentasi semua bentuk pemanfaatan dan realisasi belanja pencairan dana kapitasi untuk seluruh petugas di puskesmas dan jaringannya.
Kata kunci: Tenaga kesehatan, penganggaran, penerimaan dana kapitasi dan program JKN.
Abstract
The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) is implemented on the right of every citizen to receive health services in both urban and rural areas, including in remote border areas of the island. Implementing the JKN program is implemented by health care unit starting from health service at puskesmas to referral health service in hospital with payment made by BPJS to health service implementation unit with transfer mechanism based on capitation fund system. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of budgeting and receiving capitation funds health workers national health insurance program in remote areas Mapaddegat Puskesmas Mentawai Islands by using qualitative methods. Information gathering through in-depth interview observation of key informants and informants and Documentation. The study was conducted from January to June 2017. The results of this study illustrate that the implementation of budgeting and recipients of capitation funds of health personnel in 2014-2015 has not run according to payment terms, in 2016 still found the problem of payment of capitation norms by BPJS Health has been normative but not in accordance with number of registered participants according to the provisions. In 2017, the capitation of the capitation funds has been better implemented as proven by the administration and documentation of all forms of utilization and realization of capitation fund disbursement expenditure for all officers at the puskesmas and its network.
Keywords: Health Manpower, policy, budgeting, admission of capitation funds and Health Insurance Program
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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