145 research outputs found
Cultural and Skill-Based Influences on Driver Behaviours: A Comparison of Two Countries
No full textBackground: Driver behaviours, as the major contributing factor to crashes, are influenced by various factors including human, vehicle and environment-related factors (Haddon, 1972; WHO, 2023). From the perspective of human factors and psychology, examining the interaction between psychological factors, social context and driver behaviours may provide significant contributions to enhance road safety. Individualism and collectivism, as two fundamental cultural dimensions, are known to shape decision-making and attitudes toward risk-taking in various domains, including driving (Nordfjærn & Şimşekoğlu, 2014). While these factors have been studied separately concerning driving behaviour, little is known about how driving skills influence these relationships and how these relationships differ across different cultural settings. Türkiye scored higher on collectivism and Belgium scored higher on individualism represent different cultural backgrounds (Hofstede, 2023). Understanding how cultural factors, individualism and collectivism, and driving skills interact to shape driver behaviours in both countries may help to develop tailored interventions for road safety.
Methods: The study sample comprised 527 drivers from Türkiye (M = 33.36; SD = 9.61) and 326 drivers from Belgium (M = 29.35; 12.29). Data were obtained through self-report measures in Turkish and Dutch, including the Demographic Information Form, Individualism and Collectivism Scale (Singelis, et al., 1995), Driving Skills Inventory (Lajunen & Summala, 1995), and Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (Reason et al., 1990; Martinussen et al., 2013), with items from the Positive Driver Behaviour Scale (Özkan & Lajunen, 2005). Participants were recruited via online platforms and university emails using snowball and convenience sampling methods. After conducting descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation analyses, moderated moderation analyses were carried out to examine the interactive effects of cultural factors (independent variables), driving skills (moderators), and country (moderator) on driver behaviours (dependent variable) using the PROCESS macro for SPSS v29 (Hayes, 2022).
Results: Correlation analyses showed that males reported more violations and higher perceptual-motor skills, and individualism was associated positively with violations while collectivism was associated positively with safety skills for both Turkish and Flemish drivers. In Türkiye, individualism was also associated with higher perceptual-motor skills, while it was associated positively with violations and negatively with safety skills in Belgium.
A total of 12 moderated moderation analyses were conducted to examine how individualism and collectivism affect driver behaviour, with driving skills as moderators, across both countries. The results were significant only for violations, not for errors nor for positive behaviours. Collectivism and violations were negatively correlated for Flemish drivers with higher levels of perceptual-motor skills. In contrast, this relationship was not significant for Turkish drivers. Another significant result is that the positive association between individualism and driving violations was decreased for Turkish drivers with higher perceptual-motor skills. Higher perceptual-motor skills may act as a buffer for the risk associated with individualistic tendencies. In contrast, the effect of individualism on violations increased with higher perceptual-motor skills in Flemish drivers, which suggests that higher perceived skills of individualistic drivers may result in more assertive and potentially riskier behaviours.
Discussion: The findings revealed cultural and skill-based factors on driver behaviours, specifically violations, in Türkiye and Belgium. In both countries, males reported more violations and higher perceptual-motor skills. This supports previous research indicating male drivers more frequently exhibit risky driving behaviours (Jimenes-Mejias, 2014). In line with previous research (Nordfjærn & Şimşekoğlu, 2014), individualism is positively associated with violations, while collectivism is positively associated with safety skills. It can be suggested that a collectivistic orientation, characterized by a social focus such as considering the welfare of others and being interrelated with others, may enhance the sense of responsibility and contribute to safe driving choices (Fatehi et al., 2020; Hofstede, 1991). In contrast, an individualistic orientation, characterized by a personal focus, may lead some drivers to place more importance on independence and personal freedom rather than considering the welfare of others or obeying the rules, potentially leading to risky behaviours while driving (Nordfjærn & Şimşekoğlu, 2014; Singelis et al., 1995).
The moderation analyses showed that there are significant findings for violations but not for other driving behaviours. Cultural and individual factors may have a stronger influence on risky and rule-breaking behaviours while errors and positive behaviours may be affected more by other factors such as attention level, fatigue or environmental factors. Collectivism was associated negatively with violations at higher levels of perceptual-motor skills in Belgium. Better driving abilities might enable these drivers to follow the rules and conform to the social norms, strictly. However, this relationship was not significant in Türkiye. In countries, where collectivistic values are deeply embedded in social life, such as Türkiye, perceptual motor skills might not have the same effect because adherence to social norms may already be strong across all skill levels. Turkish drivers with higher individualistic orientation and higher perceptual-motor skills reported fewer violations. That is, individualistic orientation may lead to better control over their driving behaviours for Turkish drivers with better driving skills. In contrast, the effect of individualism on driving violations increased with higher perceptual-motor skills in Flemish drivers. Drivers with individualistic tendencies in Belgium may tend to show assertiveness through better driving skills due to increased confidence, which may lead them to show risky driving behaviours.
Interventions designed to decrease driving violations should consider both cultural differences and perceived skill levels. For instance, in Belgium, promoting perceptual-motor skills training may enhance the protective effects of collectivistic orientation. On the other hand, enhancing perceptual-motor skills may prevent the negative consequences of the risks associated with individualistic orientation for Turkish drivers. Further studies may explore additional factors, such as urban-rural differences or attitudes towards risk-taking, in cross-cultural studies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of driver behaviour across diverse settings.
Conclusion: This is the first study examining the relationship between individualism-collectivism and driver behaviours cross-culturally by considering the effect of driving skills, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The results indicate the influence of individualism and collectivism on driving violations varies based on the level of perceptual-motor skills and the direction and the strength of this relationship varies based on the cultural context
Behind the Wheel and Beyond Time: The Relationship between Time Perspectives and Speeding in Türkiye and Belgium
No full textBackground: Road traffic crashes remain a significant problem worldwide, causing millions of injuries and deaths each year (WHO, 2023). Speeding is a significant contributing factor to traffic crashes worldwide, influenced by diverse psychological and cultural factors (Qaid et al., 2022). The previous research suggests that time perspective plays a significant role in shaping driver behaviours (Măirean, & Diaconu-Gherasim, 2021; Tekeş, Özdemir & Özkan, 2020). However, there is limited understanding regarding the role of time perspective in specific behaviours, such as speeding, particularly in cross-cultural contexts. Thus, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationships between time perspectives (past-positive, past-negative, present-fatalist, present-hedonistic, and future) and self-reported speeding among Turkish and Flemish drivers. Furthermore, moderation analyses will be conducted to examine how these relationships differ in Türkiye and Belgium to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological and cultural factors behind speeding, which may help to develop more effective interventions to reduce traffic crashes.
Methods: A total of 483 participants from Türkiye (M = 33.30; SD = 9.60) and 299 participants from Belgium (M = 29.78; SD = 12.43) filled out an online questionnaire comprising the Demographic Information Form, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) and three-item Driving Style Questionnaire (DSQ) Speed Scale (French et al., 1993) which measures how often participants exceed motorway speed limits, drive fast in general, and exceed speed limits in built-up areas. Participants were recruited via social media channels and university emails using snowball and convenience sampling methods. After cleaning the data, descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation analyses were performed for both countries. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between time perspectives and speeding. Lastly, moderation analyses were conducted to assess cross-country differences in variables of interest using the PROCESS macro for SPSS v29 (Hayes, 2022).
Results: Correlation analyses showed that speeding was positively related to the present-hedonistic time perspective and negatively related to age and future time perspective for Turkish drivers. Speeding was positively associated with the present-hedonistic time perspective for Flemish drivers. Males reported higher speeding in both countries. The regression analyses showed that the present-hedonistic perspective was the strongest predictor of speeding for both countries while the future time perspective was the negative predictor of speeding, but its effect was more pronounced in Türkiye. Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of the country on the relationship between time perspectives and self-reported speeding behaviour, after controlling for age and gender. Among the results, the interaction between time perspective and country on speeding was significant only for future time perspective. According to the moderation analyses, results showed a significant negative relationship between future time perspective and speeding for Türkiye, whereas this interaction was not significant for Belgium.
Discussion: The present study aimed to examine the role of time perspectives on risky driving behaviours, specifically speeding. Present-hedonistic time perspective was defined with an emphasis on risk-taking and immediate gratification without considering future consequences (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). In line with previous literature (Zimbardo, Keough & Boyd, 1997), speeding as a risky driving behaviour was positively associated with the present-hedonistic time perspective in both Turkish and Flemish drivers, suggesting that the present-hedonistic time perspective may have a universal influence on speeding with a focus on impulsivity and immediate gratification, regardless of cultural context. Furthermore, a negative relationship was observed between future time perspective and speeding for Turkish drivers. Individuals with a higher future time perspective are less likely to be involved in speeding behaviour (Zimbardo et al., 1997). Consistent with the previous research, individuals with a future orientation tend to show safer behaviours by considering long-term consequences (Măirean, & Diaconu-Gherasim, 2021).
Country-based moderation analysis showed an interesting cultural difference: the future time perspective was negatively related to speeding only in Türkiye, not in Belgium. In Türkiye, individuals with a future time perspective may be more influenced by societal norms that emphasize risk avoidance and cautious behaviour, thus making them focus more on considering the long-term influences of driving behaviours. Traffic enforcement and societal attitudes toward risk-taking may differ, with future time perspective being less related to driving-related decisions and more related to long-term goals in other areas of life. There may be a cultural tendency to keep long-term goals distinct from everyday decisions for Flemish drivers with a higher future time perspective.
The non-significant interactions for three time perspectives suggest their limited influence on speeding behaviours. Present-hedonistic time perspective, defined as thrill-seeking and immediate pleasure, and the future time perspective, defined as considering long-term outcomes, appear to be more strongly associated with behaviour regulation and risk assessment (Baird et al., 2021). Past-oriented perspectives may be less relevant in immediate decision-making in driving contexts.
Future research should be conducted by considering different cultural factors in multiple countries with varying levels of societal attitudes toward risk-taking, rule compliance and road safety, to enhance the understanding of how different time perspectives influence risky driving behaviours, including aggressive driving. Moreover, intervention programs aimed at promoting safer driving habits could benefit from incorporating strategies that emphasize future-oriented thinking. These programs may also emphasize encouraging drivers to delay or resist their tendency to show impulse behaviours and decision-making linked with the present-hedonistic time perspective for long-term safety. Policymakers and road safety campaigns should address the psychological factors underlying speeding and other risky driving behaviours by tailoring interventions to cultural contexts.
Conclusion: The present study provides valuable insights into how time perspectives influence speeding behaviour across different cultural contexts, for the first time in the literature, to the authors’ best knowledge. A positive relationship between the present hedonistic time perspective and speeding across both cultures underscores the need for interventions focusing on impulsive behaviours and the prioritization of immediate gratification over long-term outcomes while driving. The findings also emphasize the importance of future time perspective to decrease risky driving behaviours
Elevated Tear Human Neutrophil Peptides 1-3, Human Beta Defensin-2 Levels and Conjunctival Cathelicidin LL-37 Gene Expression in Ocular Rosacea
No full textGokcinar, Nesrin Buyuktortop/0000-0001-7795-5188; YILDIRAN, Fatma Azize BUDAK/0000-0001-7031-6834Purpose: To investigate the role of innate immunity in ocular rosacea. Methods: Thirty-two patients with ocular rosacea patients (group-1) and 28 healthy volunteers (group-2) who served as controls were enrolled in the study. Tear function parameters were assessed, conjunctival impression cytology was performed and tear samples were collected. Human-neutrophil-peptides (HNP) 1?3 and human-beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels were measured in tears by using ELISA tests. Cathelicidin leucin-leucin-37 (LL-37), hBD-2, human-beta-defensin-9 (hBD-9) gene expression levels were measured in the conjunctival impression cytology samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Tear HNP1-3 (p?=?0.024), hBD-2 (p?<?0.001), conjunctival LL-37 gene expression rate (p?=?0.014) and ocular surface disease index scores (p?=?0.001) were higher and the tear break-up time was lower (p?=?0.003) in group-1. No other differences were found between the groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the role of abnormal innate immunity in the pathophysiology of ocular rosacea by revealing elevated antimicrobial peptide levels.Kirikkale University of Scientific and Technological Research Center (KUBTUAM)Laboratory analyses were performed in Kirikkale University of Scientific and Technological Research Center (KUBTUAM) with the above mentioned financial support. The authors want to thank to biology experts Esra G?nayd?n and Asl? Agar for ELISA and RT-PCR performed in KUBTUAM
Okul öncesi dönem çocukları için dijital oyun bağımlılık eğilimi ölçeğinin ve dijital oyun ebeveyn rehberlik stratejileri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, problem davranışlarla ilişkisinin incelenmesi
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının dijital oyun bağımlılıkları ve ebeveynlerin bu süreçte uyguladıkları rehberlik stratejilerinin saptanabilmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler geliştirebilmektir. Ayrıca geliştirilen ölçekler aracılığı ile ebeveynlerin uyguladıkları stratejilerin ve çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılık eğilim düzeylerinin saptanabilmesi; elde edilen bu sonuçlar ile çocukların problem davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama desenindeki araştırma iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın birinci aşamasında geliştirilen ölçme araçlarının geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları için açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında geliştirilen bu ölçekler kullanılarak araştırma verileri elde edilmiş ve bu veriler ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini; 2018- 2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Denizli ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı resmi ilköğretim okulları bünyesinde yer alan anasınıfları ve bağımsız anaokullarına devam eden okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının ebeveynleri oluşturmaktadır. İlk aşama için 956 ebeveyne (Çalışma Grubu-I), ikinci aşama için 437 ebeveyne (Çalışma Grubu-II) ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri geliştirilen “Dijital Oyun Bağımlılık Eğilimi”, “Dijital Oyun Ebeveyn Rehberlik Stratejileri” ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ayrıca “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sosyal Yetkinlik ve Davranış Değerlendirme Ölçeği- 30” araçları veri toplama amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Verilen analizinde, SPSS 23 ve SPSS AMOS 26 paket programları kullanılmıştır. Bulguların analizinde ölçeğin faktör yapısını belirlemek için AFA, oluşturulan faktör yapısını doğrulamak için DFA kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen ölçekler aracılığı ile alt problemler doğrultusunda araştırma sonuçları elde edilmiş, bulguların elde edilmesinde; faktöriyel ANOVA (2x3), Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı, T-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları; katılımcı okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının her beşinden birinin bağımlılık eğilimi gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, tüm yaş gruplarında erkek çocuklarının kız çocuklarına göre daha fazla bağımlılık eğilimi gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ebeveynlerin uyguladıkları stratejiler incelendiğinde, ebeveynlerin aktif ebeveyn rehberlik stratejilerini uyguladıkları görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda annelerin babalara göre, eğitim düzeyi yüksek ebeveynlerin eğitim düzeyi düşük ebeveynlere göre aktif rehberlik stratejileri daha fazla uyguladıkları, ayrıca dijital oyunlara yönelik olumsuz bakış açısı sergileyen ebeveynlerin, çocuklarını dijital oyuna daha az yönlendirdikleri görülmektedir. Aktif stratejileri uygulayan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında bağımlılık eğilimi saptanmazken; serbest ve dijitale yönlendirme stratejileri uygulayan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının dijital oyun bağımlılık eğilimlerinin arttığı saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılık eğilim toplam puanları arttıkça olumlu davranışlar içeren sosyal yetkinlik azalmakta, olumsuz sosyal davranışlar içeren öfke-agresyon ve kaygı-geri çekilmenin arttığını göstermektedir.The aim of this study was to develop valid and reliable scales to determine preschool children’s digital game addiction tendencies and children and parental mediation strategies. . In addition, parental mediation strageies and digital play addiction tendency levels of the children were determined and the relationships among the children's problem behaviors were explored. This corelational survey study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, exploratory factor analysis (AFA) was performed to calculate validity and reliability of research tools developed for this stduy. In the second stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with these data. The sample of the research consisted of the parents who had children attending preschools and kindergartens affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the central districts of Denizli in the 2018- 2019 academic year. Total of 956 parents (Group-I) and 437 parents (Group-II) were participated in this study. In order to collect the data, “Digital Play Addiction Tendency Scale” and “Digital Play Parental Mediation Strategies Scale” were developed. In addition, "Personal Information Form" and "Social Competency and Behavior Evaluation Scale-30" tools were used for data collection. SPSS 23 and SPSS AMOS 26 package programs were used to analyze the data. AFA was used to determine the factor structure of the scales and DFA was used to verify the factor structures. Factorial ANOVA (2x3), Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, T-test, one-way ANOVA tests were performed to determine the realationships among the variables. The research findings revealed that one out of five of the participant children showed an addiction tendency. In addition, it was concluded that boys in all age groups tended to be more addicted than girls. When the parental digital play mediation strategies were examined, the parents more often used “active parent guidance strategies”. Accordingly, it is seen that mothers adopted active guidance strategies more than fathers, parents with higher education levels than parents with low education levels, and parents who display negative views towards digital games, direct their children to digital games. Children’s digital play addiction tendency levels were low for the parents used active mediation strategies; It has been determined that the parent used “monitorig and free strategies” have increased children’s tendency of digital game addiction. The results showed that as the total scores of children's digital game addiction tendency increased, social competence with positive behaviors decreased, anger-aggression and anxiety-retraction with negative social behaviors increased
The relationship between personality traits and pedestrian behaviors: Mediating role of individual values
No full textTÜRKİYE VE BELÇİKA’DA SÜRÜCÜ DAVRANIŞLARI: BİREYCİLİK-TOPLULUKÇULUK, ZAMAN YÖNELİMİ, TRAFİK İKLİMİ VE SÜRÜŞ BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
No full textRoad safety outcomes are determined by the interaction between individual characteristics, cultural orientations, and perceptions of the traffic system. This study aimed to examine how individualism-collectivism and time perspectives relate to driver behaviors, specifically speeding, through the moderating effect of driving skills and traffic climate, in Türkiye and Belgium. With this purpose, two complementary studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated self-reported driving behaviors among drivers from Türkiye and Belgium. Participants completed a questionnaire package that included Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Individualism and Collectivism Scale, Driver Behavior Questionnaire, Driving Skills Inventory, Traffic Climate Scale, and Driving Style Questionnaire-Speed Scale. The findings showed that cultural orientations and time perspectives significantly predicted traffic violations, with driving skills and traffic climate serving as moderators. These associations were not universal but were found to exhibit differences based on country, skill level, and perceived traffic climate. Study 2 employed driving simulators to investigate speeding behavior across various road segments with drivers from Türkiye and Belgium, in addition to the measurements used in Study 1. Findings indicated that the effects of individual factors on speeding were largely dependent on perceptions of traffic climate and context. Taken together, both studies provided evidence that driver behavior cannot be explained by individual characteristics alone, but rather emerges through interactions of cultural, systemic, and contextual factors. These findings contribute to socio-ecological perspectives toward traffic safety and underscore the necessity of addressing behavioral models within a context-sensitive framework. The findings of the study were discussed in the light of the related literature.Yol güvenliği, bireysel özellikler, kültürel yönelimler ve trafik sistemine ilişkin algıların etkileşimiyle şekillenmektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye ve Belçika’da sürücülük becerileri ile trafik ikliminin düzenleyici etkisi aracılığıyla bireycilik-toplulukçuluk ve zaman yönelimlerinin sürücü davranışları (özellikle hız yapma) ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda iki tamamlayıcı çalışma yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 1, Türkiye’den ve Belçika’dan sürücülerin öz-bildirimlerine dayalı sürücü davranışlarını incelemiştir. Katılımcılar, Zimbardo Zaman Yönelimi Envanteri, Bireycilik-Toplulukçuluk Ölçeği, Sürücü Davranışı Anketi, Sürüş Becerileri Envanteri, Trafik İklimi Ölçeği ve Sürüş Tarzı-Hız Alt Ölçeğini içeren bir anket setini doldurmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, kültürel yönelimlerin ve zaman perspektiflerinin kural ihlallerini anlamlı biçimde yordadığını; sürüş becerileri ve trafik ikliminin ise bu ilişkilerde düzenleyici rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bu ilişkilerin evrensel olmadığı, ülke, beceri düzeyi ve algılanan trafik iklimine göre farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma 2’de ise, Türkiye’den ve Belçika’dan sürücülerin farklı yol koşullarındaki hız davranışlarını incelemek için sürüş simülatörleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, bireysel faktörlerin hız yapma üzerindeki etkilerinin büyük ölçüde trafik iklimi algısı ve sürüş bağlamına bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, her iki çalışma da sürücü davranışlarının yalnızca bireysel özelliklerle açıklanamayacağını; bunun yerine kültürel, sistemsel ve bağlamsal faktörlerin etkileşimiyle şekillendiğini güçlü bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, trafik güvenliğine yönelik sosyo-ekolojik yaklaşımları desteklemekte ve davranışsal modellerin bağlama duyarlı bir çerçevede ele alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, ilgili literatür ışığında ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra
Kişilik özellikleri ve yaya davranışları arasındaki ilişki: Değerlerin aracı rolü
No full textThe main objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between
personality traits, individual values, and pedestrian behaviors. Although personality
traits and values are widely studied variables in different fields, there is limited
research investigating the relationship of these variables with pedestrian behaviors
in the literature. In the current study, the mediator role of individual values on the
relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and pedestrian behaviors were
examined. A total of 633 people (361 females and 272 males) participated in the
study. Age range was between 18 and 56 (M=26.1; SD= 6.51). Demographic
information form, Big Five Inventory, Portrait Values Questionnaire, and Pedestrian
Behavior Scale were used as measurement tools. Bivariate Correlations and
Mediation Analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between study
variables. Individual values mediated the relationship between personality traits and
pedestrian behaviors. The findings were provided in detail. Discussion of findings,
limitations, and contributions of the current study were presented in light of the
relevant literature.Bu çalışmanın temel amacı kişilik özellikleri, değerler ve yaya davranışları
arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Kişilik özellikleri ve değerler farklı alanlarda
yaygın olarak kullanılan değişkenler olmakla birlikte, literatürde bu değişkenlerin
yaya davranışları ile ilişkisini araştıran sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu
çalışma, Beş Faktör kişilik özellikleri ile yaya davranışları arasındaki ilişkide
değerlerin aracı rolünü incelemiştir. Çalışmaya toplam 633 kişi (361 kadın ve 272
erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 26.1 olup (SS = 6.51), 18 ve 56
arasında değişmektedir. Ölçüm araçları olarak demografik bilgi formu, Beş Faktör
Envanteri, Portre Değerler Anketi ve Yaya Davranışları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Çalışılan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için Korelasyon ve Aracı
Değişken analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, kişilik özelliklerinin yaya davranışları ile
ilişkili olduğunu ve değerlerin bu ilişkiye aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Çalışmanın
bulguları detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, sınırlılıkları
ve katkıları da ilgili literatür ışığında sunulmuşturM.S. - Master of ScienceTUBITAK (Yurtici Lisansustu Burslar
Perfect romance storyline in novel versus film adaptation: a case study of "Lagenda Budak Setan" / Muhammad Adam Ilias, Ainul Ameerul Ariff Abd Rouf and Muhamad Fikry Mastafa Kamar
Get PDFBook to film adaptation has been a trend in both local and international film markets nowadays. This act could lead to issues such as lack of originality in the film and only relying on original literature as an inspiration. The trend of producing a film adapted from books in Malaysia have been increasing from year to year. So, the purpose of conducting this research is to identify the rating of readers of novel and viewers of film Lagenda Budak Setan. The novel Lagenda Budak Setan written by Ahadiat Akashah was published in year 1985 while the film was released in 2010, directed by Sharad Sharan. The data will be collected from four students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the author of the novel itself. The students will be divided into two categories; the readers and viewers of Lagenda Budak Setan respectively. The researchers want to find the out whether the original novel or the adapted film is rated higher by the readers and viewers. The researchers used the qualitative method in this research which in-depth interview is conducted involving the respondents
Moralitas Menurut Friedrich Nietzsche: Eksplorasi “Mentalitas Budak”
Get PDFThis writing explores the life and thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher known for his critique of Christian morality and traditional concepts in society. Nietzsche, who was born into a devout Christian family, developed views that opposed Christian morality, which he believed created a slave mentality. He advocated for a morality focused on self-preservation and the elevation of individual dignity, proposing the concept of the superior human or ubermensch that emphasizes strength, courage, and freedom. Nietzsche's thoughts led to egoism and a rejection of absolute authority, emphasizing the importance of individuals to develop themselves to the fullest. This writing also discusses how Nietzsche's thoughts remain relevant in contemporary contexts, urging individuals to prioritize themselves and achieve their best potential. Additionally, the author highlights how Nietzsche, as a productive thinker, has influenced many existentialist philosophers and the development of modern Western philosophy with his nihilistic views. While his contributions are acknowledged as significant, this writing also underscores that his views pose new dangers to current philosophical thinking. ABSTRAKTulisan ini mengeksplorasi kehidupan dan pemikiran Friedrich Nietzsche, seorang filsuf Jerman yang dikenal karena kritiknya terhadap moralitas Kristen dan konsep-konsep tradisional dalam masyarakat. Nietzsche, yang lahir dalam keluarga Kristen yang taat, mengembangkan pandangan yang menentang moralitas Kristen yang ia anggap menciptakan mentalitas budak. Ia mengadvokasi moralitas yang berfokus pada pemeliharaan diri dan peningkatan martabat individu, dengan mengusulkan konsep manusia unggul atau ubermensch yang menekankan kekuatan, keberanian, dan kebebasan. Pemikiran Nietzsche mengarah pada egoisme dan penolakan terhadap otoritas absolut, serta menekankan pentingnya individu untuk berkembang sebaik mungkin. Tulisan ini juga membahas bagaimana pemikiran Nietzsche masih relevan dalam konteks kontemporer, mengajak individu untuk mengutamakan diri sendiri dan mencapai potensi terbaik mereka. Selain itu, penulis juga menyoroti bagaimana Nietzsche, sebagai pemikir yang produktif, telah mempengaruhi banyak filsuf eksistensialis dan perkembangan filsafat Barat modern dengan pandangan nihilistiknya. Meskipun kontribusinya diakui penting, tulisan ini juga menggarisbawahi bahwa pandangannya menimbulkan bahaya baru bagi pemikiran filsafat saat ini
A comparison of the inhibitory effects of anti-cancer drugs on thioredoxin reductase and glutathione S-transferase in rat liver
No full textWOS: 000458732100013PubMed: 30198440Background: While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles. Since TrxR and GSTs are overexpressed in many cancer cells, they have been identified as potential targets to develop chemotherapeutic strategies. Method: The mitochondrial TrxR (TrxR2) enzyme and the cytosolic CYST enzyme was purified from rat liver via affinity chromatography. After the purification, the in vitro inhibition effects of some anticancer drugs (cisplatin, calcium folinate, carboplatin, epirubicin hydrochloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride, paclitaxel, etoposide, fluorouracil, and methotrexate) were investigated on both enzymes. Since only methotrexate inhibits both enzymes among all the anticancer drugs, a molecular docking study was performed to determine the binding site and the binding affinity of methotrexate to the enzymes. Results: Firstly, TrxR2 and GST were found to have a specific activity of 0.436, 1765 EU/mg proteins with a yield of 39.20%, 31.28% and 207.6, 3516.6 of purification fold, respectively. While TrxR2 was strongly inhibited by all of the anticancer drugs, GST was not inhibited by any of the anticancer drugs except methotrexate. Conclusion: Both enzymes were inhibited by only methotrexate in rat liver, and methotrexate was well placed in the active sites of both proteins. Therefore, it may be argued that methotrexate may be a more effective anticancer drug than all other drugs used in this study against the multi drug resistance that will occur during chemotherapy.Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Commission (ATAUNIBAP) [PRJ2015/97, PRJ2015/357]This work was financially supported by Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Commission (ATAUNIBAP) with project number PRJ2015/97 and PRJ2015/357. The author(s) have no potential conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Conceived and designed the experiments: Harun Budak (group leader) and Ilknur Ozgencli. Performed the experiments: Harun Budak, Ilknur Ozgencli, Deryanur Kilic, Ugur Guller, Mehmet Ciftci, and Omer I. Kufrevioglu. Analysed the data: Harun Budak, Ilknur Ozgencli, Deryanur Kilic, and Ugur Guller. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Harun Budak. Wrote the paper: Harun Budak, Ilknur Ozgencli, Deryanur Kilic, and Ugur Guller. All authors read and approved the final manuscript
- …
