50 research outputs found
Ischemic-hypoxic perinatal conditions and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in the nation affecting 8%-13% of all school-aged children. ADHD diagnoses have reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. with an estimated annual cost of 52.4 billion, in 2005 dollars. The etiology of ADHD is largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that Ischemic-hypoxic conditions (IHC) have profound effects on fetal brain development that are not apparent in infants. Given that rates of ADHD are increasing and IHC increases the risk of fetal brain injury, we hypothesize that IHCs are important and independent risk factor for ADHD. In this nested case-control study, we evaluated the risk of ADHD in a cohort of children aged 5-11 years, born at ≥28 weeks of gestation, and cared for at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) between 1995-2010 (n =308,634; 4.3% had ADHD). Electronic clinical, laboratory, and pharmacy records were obtained for these children and their mothers. Cases were children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (ICD-9 codes 314.x) and positive for at least 2 ADHD prescriptions during the follow-up period. For each case, five controls were matched to cases on child age at diagnosis. IHC was defined based on ICD-9 codes. Compared to control children, case children were more likely to be male and of white or black race/ethnicity. Mothers of case children were more likely to be older, have ≥12 years education, history of smoking and psychosocial disorders during pregnancy. In contrast to control children, case children were more likely (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.21) to experience IHC. Stratified analyses by gestational age revealed that case children than controls were more likely to experience IHC at 28-33 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 2.0), 34-36 (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5), and 37-42 (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.2) weeks of gestation. IHC was associated with increased odds of ADHD across all race/ethnicity groups. These findings suggest that IHC is an independent risk factor for ADHD, especially in preterm birth. This suggests that events in pregnancy contribute to the etiology of this condition over and above the well-known familial/genetic influences.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Darios Getahu
Depression, Anxiety and Associated factors among COVID-19 Patients at Armed Force Comprehensive COVID-19 Center Hospital in Ethiopia
No full textThe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has a significant impact on the public mental problem. The anxiety and depression symptoms are a common emotional reaction to the covid-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess the level of depression and anxiety reactions and associated factors among covid-19 patients at the covid-19 center of the Armed Force Comprehensive Hospital in Ethiopia. Across-sectional study was conducted among 150 covid-19 patients who were interviewed for the survey in the Afaan Oromo language. The Beck’s Depression Inventory and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory measuring scale questionnaires were adapted and used to measure depression and anxiety of covid-19 patients. Data were analyzed by logistic regression using spss computer software version 23. Mean age of the covid-19 patients was 29 with a standard deviation of ± 7.6 years. Among the total respondents, 92 (61.3%) were males. The overall prevalence of depression from borderline clinical to severe was 84% and anxiety from moderate to severe was 86.7%. The multivariate regression analysis showed that being married, divorced, fear of death, poor sleep quality, fear of re-infection, less family support, loneliness, and lower oxygen saturation were positively associated with depression and anxiety reactions. From study participants, the majority of them were presented with features of depression and anxiety. Being married, divorced, fear of death, poor sleep quality, fear of re-infection, less family support, loneliness, and lower oxygen saturation were the associated factors with depression and anxiety reaction for covid-19 patients
Depression, Anxiety and Associated factors among COVID-19 Patients at Armed Force Comprehensive COVID-19 Center Hospital in Ethiopia
No full textThe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has a significant impact on the public mental problem. The anxiety and depression symptoms are a common emotional reaction to the covid-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess the level of depression and anxiety reactions and associated factors among covid-19 patients at the covid-19 center of the Armed Force Comprehensive Hospital in Ethiopia. Across-sectional study was conducted among 150 covid-19 patients who were interviewed for the survey in the Afaan Oromo language. The Beck’s Depression Inventory and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory measuring scale questionnaires were adapted and used to measure depression and anxiety of covid-19 patients. Data were analyzed by logistic regression using spss computer software version 23. Mean age of the covid-19 patients was 29 with a standard deviation of ± 7.6 years. Among the total respondents, 92 (61.3%) were males. The overall prevalence of depression from borderline clinical to severe was 84% and anxiety from moderate to severe was 86.7%. The multivariate regression analysis showed that being married, divorced, fear of death, poor sleep quality, fear of re-infection, less family support, loneliness, and lower oxygen saturation were positively associated with depression and anxiety reactions. From study participants, the majority of them were presented with features of depression and anxiety. Being married, divorced, fear of death, poor sleep quality, fear of re-infection, less family support, loneliness, and lower oxygen saturation were the associated factors with depression and anxiety reaction for covid-19 patients
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and illness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, research on CVD prevalence and risk factors in T2DM patients in Ethiopia is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CVD and its associated factors among T2DM patients in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: We conducted a cross-sectional study from February 15 to March 15, 2022, involving 317 participants selected via simple random sampling from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Saint Paul’s Hospital, and Sheba Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software version 24, employing both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 310 respondents, 54.5 % were female, and 42.6 % were aged 59 to 71 years. The study found a CVD prevalence of 25.5 %, with 31.6 % having coronary artery disease, 12.7 % peripheral artery disease, 8.9 % stroke, and 8.9 % heart failure. Significant associations with CVD were found for alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, hypertension, and obesity. Conclusion and recommendations: This study reveals a high prevalence of CVD among T2DM patients in Addis Ababa. To enhance patient health, it is essential to promote weight reduction, regular physical activity, cessation of alcohol use, and effective hypertension management
Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy and Associated Factors Among Women with Breast Cancer Attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textZerko Wako,1 Daniel Mengistu,2 Negalign Getahun Dinegde,2 Tseganesh Asefa,1 Mulugeta Wassie1 1Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Zerko Wako Tel +251918728268Email [email protected]: In breast cancer patients, adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) is uncertain. Seven in every 10 patients were hormone receptor positive and adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) is prescribed for 5– 10 years for a woman with breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy and related factors among women with breast cancer attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Center.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used where score ≥ 80% was adherence. Data were entered in EpiData version 4.4.2.1 and transferred to SPSS version 25, and analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results: Out of 216 women with breast cancer 209 participated in the study with a response rate of 97%. The overall adherence in this study was 77.5%. Getting social support (OR=3.959, 95%CI: 1.570– 9.980), being on anastrozole (OR=0.139, 95%CI: 0.040– 0.485), getting a thorough therapeutic communication about treatment (OR=4.590, 95%CI: 1.061– 19.863), undergoing mastectomy (OR=0.215, 95%CI: 0.059– 0.788), having side effects (OR=0.210, 95%CI: 0.085– 0.517) were found to be significantly associated with adherence to AHT.Conclusion: In general, the overall adherence to AHT was 77.5% for women with breast cancer. Factors such as types of adjuvant hormone therapy, lack of side effects, mastectomy, getting social support, and thorough therapeutic communication were strongly linked with adherence to them.Keywords: adherence, adjuvant hormone therapy, breast cancer, Ethiopi
High diagnostic yield of tuberculosis from screening urine samples from HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
No full text: ABSTRACT:: We determined the diagnostic yield of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis (TB) when testing small volumes of urine from ambulatory HIV-infected patients prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Compared to a gold standard of sputum culture, the sensitivity of urine Xpert among those with CD4 cell counts of <50, 50-100 and >100 cells/?L were 44.4%, 25.0% and 2.7% (P=0.001), respectively. Urine Xpert testing provides a means of rapid TB diagnosis in patients with advanced immunodeficiency and poor prognosis. These data are indicative of high rates of TB dissemination and renal involvement in this clinical population
Consumer bankruptcy law for Ethiopia: Lessons from United States and Germany
No full textAfter deregulation of consumer credit and resultant availability, over-indebtedness became a problem for many countries. As a response to this, many jurisdictions have departed from their “merchant-oriented” bankruptcy law to include consumers giving them discharge and fresh start. Germany, United States, United Kingdom and France are some of the countries that have adopted consumer bankruptcy laws after experiencing over-indebtedness problem. In Ethiopia, credit market is still highly regulated. Nevertheless, consumers have access to credit and are potentially exposed to risk of indebtedness and there is a move towards that. Adopting consumer bankruptcy law can also be an ex ante solution. More importantly, introducing such law to Ethiopia is more convincing based on the entrepreneurship, social insurance, development policy and rehabilitative function of discharge and fresh start. The author argues that Ethiopia should follow the global trend by adopting consumer bankruptcy law with adequate discharge and fresh start. This law should be based on German model, repayment plan and then discharge: repayment of certain portion of the debt and covering cost of proceeding by the debtor.Keywords: bankruptcy, debt, discharge, exemption, fresh start, insolvency, merchant-oriented, over-indebtedness, rehabilitation, repaymen
Semantic aware RSS query algebra
No full textInternational audienceExisting XML query algebras are not fully appropriate to retrieve RSS news items mainly due to three reasons: 1) RSS is text rich and its content is dependent on the wording and verbification of the author, thus semantic aware operators are needed; 2) news items are dynamic and consequently time oriented retrieval is needed; 3) a news item may evolve through time, or overlap with other news items and hence identifying relationships between items is also needed. In this paper, we aim to solve these issues by providing a dedicated RSS algebra based on semantic-aware operators that consider RSS characteristics. The provided operators are application domain specific and can be tuned according to the user preferences. We also provide a set of query rewriting and equivalence rules that would be used during query simplification and optimization. In addition and in order to validate our proposal, we present here our prototype that allows a user to formulate RSS query using our operators
Insecticidal Activities of Plants Extract Against Malaria Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia
No full textEnvironmental changes due to global warming and human activities have negatively impacted malaria vector control in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Plants contain anthraquinoes. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes that are target specific, rapidly biodegradable, ecofriendly, and less toxic to human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Allium sativum L. (garlic) ethanol extracts against malaria vectors in the study area. Then, 20 g from each (A. indica and A. sativum L.) were extracted separately by ethanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was evaluated from the crude sample based on standard methods. Then, insecticidal activities were evaluated by introducing the fourth instar larva at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentrations, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC50 and chi-square test to check the significance of the mortality by R statistical software. The presence of phytochemical tests such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenol, anthraquinoes, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids was obtained. The mortality of malaria vectors due to ethanol extract of A. indica and A. sativum was observed. The highest (90.66%) mortality was observed in the ethanol extract of A. sativum at 250 ppm concentration. A. sativum extracts have a significant effect only on the mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l (X2=13.6, p=0.008687) and Anopheles pharoensis (X2=11.002, p=0.02655), but A. indica have a significant effect only on the mortality of An.pharoensis (X2=14.26, p=0.00651). The lowest LC50 (39 ppm) was observed in the ethanol extract of A. sativum. So, A. sativum extract was highly toxic than A. indica extract and more effective in the reduction of malaria vectors but further studies will be conducted to determine the insecticidal activities at pupa and adult stages
Study of Reaction Mechanism and Dependence of Incomplete Fusion on Projectile Energy and Entrance Channel Mass-Asymmetry of 12C + 169Tm, 16O + 169Tm And 16O + 75As Systems At 4-7.5MeV/Nucleon Energy Beam
No full textThis study focus on the correlation between entrance channel properties and
incomplete fusion reaction. The dynamics of heavy-ion fusion reactions involved
in the interaction of 12C and 16O with 169Tm and 75As targets were examined at
3-8MeV/nucleon specific energies. The influence of projectile energy and
entrance channel mass-asymmetry on the incomplete fusion process in the
interaction of 12C + 169Tm, 16O + 169Tm and 16O + 75As systems at energies
ranging from 4-7.5 MeV/Nucleon was examined in this study. The PACE4
statistical model was used to compare and analyze the measured cross sections
from the EXFOR data base. The values of level density parameter, which is a
sensitive input parameter, were optimized using a representative non-a-emitting
channel from the respective systems. The experimentally measured excitation
functions for representative non {\alpha}-emitting channels were found to be in
good agreement with the theoretical predictions in general. However, for
{\alpha}-emitting channels in the current systems, the measured excitation
functions were greater than the theoretical model code predictions, which could
be attributed to incomplete fusion reaction at these energies. The observed
enhancements in {\alpha}-emitting channels were attributable to the
contribution coming from incomplete fusion reactions. The incomplete fusion
fraction, which explains the relative relevance of incomplete fusion processes,
was attempted to be approximated. The incomplete fusion fraction was shown to
be sensitive to the projectile energy and mass-asymmetry of the entrance
channel. Further, the results showed that incomplete fusion reactions were
higher for more mass-asymmetric systems than mass-symmetric one.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.01836 by other author
