81 research outputs found
Mullah Muhammed Omar A Psychobiographical Profile
No full text"Since the Taliban's internal dynamics, its organizational culture, its organizational structure, its future, its strategic objectives and ideology are all controlled, embedded, defined, envisioned, imparted and imbued by its leader, a convincing argument can be made that the Taliban is a reflection of its leader Mullah Muhammad Omar. Thus, given that the Taliban would likely continue to fight on in some capacity were Mullah Omar to die from natural causes or be 'martyred,' it follows that the Taliban as an armed group cannot fully be understood or engaged effectively without assessing Mullah Omar as their leader. Ultimately, this exercise has many 'predictive implications,' among them providing insight not only into how to negotiate with Mullah Omar or with the Taliban in his absence, but also in terms of policy decisions causing or contingency plans reacting to a Taliban without Mullah Omar and his likely successor. Acknowledging that the author is not a psychologist, an informed psychobiographical profile can still be composed drawing parallels from other profiles psychologists like former CIA profiler and psychologist Jerrold M. Post have assembled in the past as well as drawing upon the author's advanced studies in terrorism and insurgency, the Arabic language and culture, the Middle East, Central and Southern Asia. Jerrold Post's outline for assessing leaders from a distance provides the basis for conducting this leadership profile and assessment of Mullah Omar.
Muhammed bin Omar and his work titled "Risale-i Tecvîd" (Review-text)
No full textMuhammed b. Ömer, Osmanlı Devletinin başkenti olan İstanbul'da yaşamış, Şehzâde Camii'nde imam-hatiplik yapmış, bu vazifesiyle beraber Zal Paşa Camii hatipliğini de ifâ etmiş kıymetli bir tecvîd âlimi ve seçkin bir imam hatiptir. Kırâat ve tecvîd alanında zamanının mühim zatlarından olan Muhammed b. Ömer, tecvide dair sahip olduğu birikimi Risâle-i tecvîd adlı eserinde tâliplilerin istifadesine sunmuştur. Müellifin, yaptığı çalışmada eserini gereksiz teferruatlardan arındırarak istifadeyi artırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Hafızlığını tamamlayıp Nişancı Camii İmamı Muhammed Efendi'den ilm-i kırâatı tedris ettikten sonraki süreçte kıraat ilmindeki birikiminin yanında sesinin duruluk ve güzelliği vesilesiyle Şehzade Camiine imam oldu. Bu vazifesini Zal Paşa Camii hatipliğiyle beraber îfâ etti. 1099 senesinin Muharrem ayında sultan imamlığı ile Sultan Ahmed Medresesi müderrisliğine tayin edildi. Akabinde aynı senenin Zilhicce ayında vefat etti. Kabri, Edirne Üç Şerefiyeli Camii'nin mihrap istikametindeki kabristandadır. Muhammed b. Ömer, Risâle-i Tecvîd adındaki eserin müellifidir. Bu eser 1093 (Kasım 1682) senesinde tamamlanmış, mukaddime ve maksat bölümünden teşekkül etmiştir. Müellif, eserin mukaddime kısmına, tecvidin mahiyet ve gerekliliği ile harflerin mahreç ve sıfatlarına dair mâlumatlar vererek başlamıştır. Mütâkip kısımda, eûzü-besmele, Kur'ân ve tecvidin tarifleri, medler, İmam Hafs'ın tanıtımı, tenvin-sakin nûn'un hükümleri ile imale, idğam, izhar-ı kameriyye ve idğâm-ı şemsiyye, râ'lar babı, lam'lar babı, zamir, sekte, vakıf, teshil, ha-i sekt, işmam, maktuat-mevsulat, ta ve tekbir bahislari, ravm ve hemze-i vasl ile ibtida konularını işlemiştir.Mohammed b. Omar is a precious tajwid scholar and distinguished imam orator who lived in Istanbul, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire, served as an imam-orator in the Sehzâde Mosque, and with this duty he also served as an orator of the Zal Pasha Mosque. One of the prominent figures in the field of charity and tajwid, Muhammed b. Omar presented his knowledge of tajwid to the use of the suitors in his work called Risâle-i tajwid. It is understood that the author increased the use of his work by clearing unnecessary details. After completing his memorization, he became an imam of the Şehzade Mosque thanks to his knowledge of recitation and the clarity and beauty of his voice in the period after his knowledge of the science of qiraat from Nisanci Mosque Imam Muhammed Efendi. He performed this duty together with Zal Pasha Mosque. He was appointed as the imam of the sultan and the professor of the Sultan Ahmed Madrasa in Muharram in 1099. Subsequently, he passed away in the same year in Zilhicce. His grave is in the cemetery of Edirne Uc Serefeli Mosque in the direction of mihrab. Mohammed b. Omar is the author of the work called Risâle-i Tajwid. This work was completed in 1093 (November 1682) and was completed on the date of formation of the preliminary and purpose section. The author started to give information about the nature of tajwid and the origins and attributes of the letters to the muaddime section. In the following part, eûzü-besmele, the descriptions of the Quran and tajwid, the introduction of Imam Hafs, the decrees of tenvin-calm nûn and imale, idğam, izhar-ı kameriyye and idğâm-ı Şemsiyye, raâ'lar babı, lam 's covered the subjects of babi, pronoun, sect, foundation, teshil, ha-i sekt, işmam, maktuat-mevsulat, ta and takbir bets, ravm and hemze-i vasl and ibtida
A new hybrid algorithm for solving distribution network reconfiguration under different load conditions
No full textDistribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) is a significant problem for keeping the network running under normal conditions. In this study, for preventing the premature convergence issue, also to improving the searching ability of the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm, chaotic strategy is incorporating with BPSO algorithm to create a new hybrid algorithm called Chaotic BPSO (CBPSO). Undeniably, the chaotic strategy enables the hybrid CBPSO algorithm to slip from the local optima and also to reach optimal solution in fewer number of iterations compare to BPSO due to the remarkable behavior and ergodic of the chaos strategy than random search in BPSO algorithm. The CBPSO algorithm is presented as a advantageous optimization tool for solving DNR. In this problem, decreasing of real power loss (PL) is an objective function while node voltage, system radially and line current have been utilized as a constrains of the system. The search space in this problem for the presented technique is a group of lines (switches) that are normally opened or closed. Two types of loads are presented: the constant and variable loads for testing the efficacy of the CBPSO method for tackling DNR problem when the load is changes. The proposed technique is implemented on IEEE Node−33 system by utilizing MATLAB R2013b software for verifying the efficacy of CBPSO technique. The simulation results confirm that CBPSO technique has high ability in reducing PL and raising the voltage profile of the grid compared to BPSO and other procedures in the literature
Optimal coordinated design of PSS and UPFC-POD using DEO algorithm to enhance damping performance
No full textLow-frequency oscillations (LFO) are an inevitable problem of power systems and they have a great effect on the capability of transfer and power system stability. The power system stabilizers (PSSs) as well as flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices can help to damp LFO. The target of this study is to tackle the problem of a dual-coordinated design between PSS and unified power flow controller (UPFC) implementing the task of power oscillation damping (POD) controller in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. So, dolphin echolocation optimization (DEO) technique is utilized as an optimization tool to search for optimal parameter tunings based on objective function for enhancing the dynamic stability performance for a SMIB. DEO an algorithm has a few parameters, simple rules, provides the optimum result and is applicable to a wide range of problems like other meta-heuristic algorithms. Use DEO gave the best results in damping LFO compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. From the comparison results between PSO and DEO, it was shown that DEO provides faster settling time, less overshoot, higher damping oscillations and greatly improves system stability. Also, the comparison results prove that the multiple stabilizers show supremacy over independent controllers in mitigationg LFO of a SMIB
A Novel Technique for Optimal siting and Rating of Shunt Capacitors Placed to the Radial Distribution Systems
No full textThe overall efficacy of power distribution is reduced through power loss in distribution systems owing to branch resistance. For providing quality power to customers, power losses must be diminished, and voltages must be enhanced. This paper introduces a novel improvement for the traditional Salps Swarm Algorithm (SSA) called Enhance SSA (ESSA) for selecting Optimal Shunt Capacitor Ratings and their Locations (OSCRL). ESSA is viewed as an enhanced version of SSA with the aim of improving the SSA's poor performance. A multi-objective function was designed in this work for reducing real power loss and Total System Cost (TSC), as well as, improving feeder voltage profile and maximizing Net Savings (NSs) per year under security restrictions. For validating and evaluating the proposed ESSA technique, a practical 33-bus local Iraqi and standard IEEE 69-bus Radial Distribution Systems (RDSs) were used as test systems through utilizing MATLAB. The experimental results attained by the proposed ESSA are compared with other approaches currently available in the literature for addressing OSCRL problem. The experimental results prove the efficacy and supremacy of the ESSA to other literature algorithms with respect to diminishing power loss as well as TSC, reinforce bus voltage profile and increase NSs per year for multiple RDSs
OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION FOR LOSS MINIMIZATION AND VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
No full textOptimal reconfiguration is a significant alternative technique of increasing the efficacy of Radial Distribution Networks (RDNs). Reconfiguration is carried out by adjusting the status of RDN switches in such manner that the system's radiality is kept, energized wholly loads and other restrictions are fulfilled. The original version of the Dolphin Echolocation Optimization (DEO) algorithm is designed for solving continuous optimization issues only. As the reconfiguration problem is a discrete issue, the original DEO algorithm cannot deal with this problem. Fortunately, a Binary DEO (BDEO) algorithm was presented for solving discrete optimization issues which is utilized for adapting the reconfiguration issue. This approach is a powerful tool for rearranging systems by altering the status of the RDN switches in a way that minimizes power loss and enhances voltage profile. The BDEO algorithm is evaluated on an IEEE 33 bus RDN under three case studies in MATLAB to validate its performance. By comparing the simulation results with those from previously published work, it is possible to conclude that the suggested strategy is efficient in achieving the optimal outcome because it enhances the system voltage profile while minimizing losses. The comparison results showed that, in instance two, the BDEO for the test RDN greatly increased the minimum voltage from 0.9131 to 0.9431 P.U. and reduced the power loss by 34.2%, from 202.67 to 133.17 KW
A novel WSSA technique for multi-objective optimal capacitors placement and rating in radial distribution networks
No full textMinimizing power loss while keeping the voltage profile within acceptable limits is a great challenge for the distribution system operators. Properly sized and optimally placed shunt capacitors (SCs) in radial distribution networks (RDNs) can enhance system efficiency and offer both technical and economic benefits. This paper presents a novel meta-heuristic technique, the weight salp swarm algorithm (WSSA) as a modified version of the original SSA algorithm by incorporating an inertia weight parameter to improve precision, speed, and consistency in solving the optimal capacitor placement (OCP) problem. The proposed method minimizes power loss, annual total costs, and improves the voltage profile of RDNs, ensuring practical applicability. Two RDNs, IEEE 33-bus and a real Iraqi 65-bus in Sadat Al-Hindiya, Babel Governorate, Iraq, were used to evaluate WSSA's performance. Comparative analysis with recently published approaches demonstrates WSSA’s superiority in reducing power loss, lowering costs, and improving voltage profiles. For the IEEE 33-bus, power loss is decreased by 34.81%, and the total cost is lessened by 29.08% (savings of 69,201.57). These results confirm WSSA’s effectiveness in achieving OCP with enhanced technical and economic benefits
A Review on Smart Distribution Systems and the Role of Deep Learning-based Automation in Enhancing Grid Reliability and Efficiency
No full textThe increasing complexity of modern power distribution systems has accelerated the need for advanced automation solutions to maintain grid reliability and efficiency. smart distribution systems (SDS), integrating distributed energy resources (DERs), internet of things (IoT) technologies, and advanced data analytics, are reshaping the conventional grid into a flexible and intelligent network. This review focuses on the application of deep learning (DL) techniques in enhancing automation within SDS, highlighting their role in key tasks such as anomaly detection, fault location, load forecasting, outage estimation, and customer clustering. Five DL models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, deep neural networks (DNNs), autoencoders, and hybrid models, are evaluated using synthetic datasets that approximate real world grid behavior. Acknowledging the limitations of synthetic data, this review emphasizes the need for future validation using empirical datasets and adaptive learning techniques. Performance trends are qualitatively compared across models and tasks, with observations such as suitability of LSTMs for time series forecasting and CNNs for localized event detection. Challenges including data quality, computational costs, and implementation constraints are discussed, along with potential mitigation strategies such as lightweight model architectures and explainable artificial intelligence. A comparative perspective with traditional machine learning and physiscs-based models is also provided to highlight the unique advantages and tradeoffs of DL methods. The findings undescore the potential of DL in SDS automation while outlining key areas further research and real-world deployment
Nihâya al-Kifâya li-al-Dirâya al-Hidâya by Tâj al-Sharia Omar b. Ahmad al-Mahbûbî of the subjects between the chapter Aymân and Vaqf sections (The edition and critique)
No full textBu çalışmada, Hanefî Fakihlerden İmam Tâcüşşerîa Ömer b. Ahmed el-Mahbûbî'nin ?Nihâyetü'l-kifâye li-dirâyeti'l-Hidâye isimli eseri tahkik edilip incelenmiştir. Söz konusu ?eser, el-Hidâye'nin en eski ikinci şerhi olup Mergînânî'nin "el-Hidâye şerhu bidâyeti'l-?mübtedî" adlı eserinin "Kavlühû" tarzında bir şerhidir. Eserin, Buhâra şehri ilim ve ?siyasetinde ön plana çıkan Orta Asya Sadrüddinzâde Mahbûbî Hanefî fukahâ ailesi ?hakkında bazı bilinmeyen bilgileri de içermesi yönüyle tahkiki önem kazanmaktadır. ? Dünya kütüphanelerinde tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla 30 civarında farklı nüshası olup ?Türkiye kütüphanelerinde 29 farklı nüshası vardır. Konumuza dahil olan kısımlar, birinci ?cildin Türkiye Kütüphanelerindeki 14 nüshasından 5 tanesiyle karşılaştırılarak tahkik ?edilmiştir. Asıl nüshamız 713/1313 istinsah tarihli Türkiye'deki en eski ikinci nüsha olan ?İzmir Milli Kütüphanesi nüshası olup müstensihi Muhammed b. Ebî Abdillâh Yahya b. ?Muhammed el-Hamâdî'dir. O, Feyzullah Efendi, Edirne Serez ve Ragıp Paşa ?kütüphanelerindeki nüshaları da istinsah etmiştir. ? Tacüşşerîa, açık bir üslupla yazdığı eserinde el-Hidâye'den kavlühû diye zikrederek aldığı ?bazı kapalı cümleleri, ayrıntılı olarak şerh etmiştir. Hanefî mezhebinin kendinden önceki, ?kendi çağındaki ve bazen delilleriyle vardığı tercihlerini "ve aleyhi'l-fetva/fetva onun ?üzerinedir", "ve bihi yüftâ/onunla fetva verilir", "ve bihi ne'huzu/biz onu alırız", "ve ?aleyhi'l-i'timad/ona itimad edilir" vb. ibarelerle ifade etmiştir. ? Çalışmamızda dipnotlarda; müellifin metinde zikrettiği âyet ve hadislerin tahrîci yapılmış, ?zikredilen yer, şahıs, kişi isimleri ve şiirler hakkında bilgi verilerek ekte indeks olarak da ?verilmiştir. Dirâse/tanıtım-değerlendirme kısmında İSNAD atıf kuralları, İSAM tahkikli ?neşir kılavuzu esasları kullanılmıştır. ?In this study, one of the Hanafi Faqihs, Imam Taj al-Sharia Omar b. Ahmad al-Mahbûbî's ?work named Nihâya al-kifâya li-dirâya al-Hidâya was examined and edition and critique ?have been made. The work is the second oldest commentary of al-Hidaya and is a ?commentary in the style of "Qavluhû" of Marginânî's work called "al-Hidâya sharh bidâya ?al-mubtadî". The edition and critique work gains importance in terms of containing some ?unknown information about the Central Asian Sadr al-dîn zâdah Mahbubî Hanafi fuqaha ?family, which came to the fore in the science and politics of the city of Bukhara. ? As far as we can determine, there are around 30 different copies in the libraries of the world ?and there are 29 different copies in the libraries of Turkey. It was examined by comparing it ?with 5 of the 14 copies in the Turkish Libraries. Our original copy is the copy of the Izmir ?National Library, which is the second oldest copy in Turkey, dated 713/1313, and its ?author is Muhammad b. Abi Abdillâh Yahya b. Muhammad al-Hamâdî. He also consulted ?the copies in the libraries of Feyzullah Efendi, Edirne Serez and Ragıp Pasha.? In his work, which he wrote in a clear style, Taj al-Sharia commented in detail on some ?closed sentences that he received from al-Hidaya by mentioning it as qawluhû. He ?expressed the preferences of the Hanafi madhhab before him, in his own age, and ?sometimes with evidence, with phrases such as "and alayhi al-fatwa/fatwa is on him", "and ?bihi yuftâ/fatwa is given with this", "and bihi na'huzu/we take it", "and alayhi al-i'timad/ ?there is trust in it", etc. ? In the footnotes in our study; The verses and hadiths mentioned by the author in the text ?have been made tahrij, and information about the mentioned place, person, personal names ?and poems is given as an index in the appendix. In the dirâsa/introduction-evaluation ?section, the ISNAD citation rules and the principles of the ISAM investigation guide were ?used
Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Reactive Power Optimization Problem
No full textThe losses in electrical power systems are a great problem. Multiple methods have been utilized to decrease power losses in transmission lines. The proper adjusting of reactive power resources is one way to minimize the losses in any power system. Reactive Power Optimization (RPO) problem is a nonlinear and complex optimization problem and contains equality and inequality constraints. The RPO is highly essential in the operation and control of power systems. Therefore, the study concentrates on the Optimal Load Flow calculation in solving RPO problems. The Simple Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) often falls into the local optima solution. To prevent this limitation and speed up the convergence for the Simple PSO algorithm, this study employed an improved hybrid algorithm based on Chaotic theory with PSO, called Chaotic PSO (CPSO) algorithm. Undeniably, this merging of chaotic theory in PSO algorithm can be an efficient method to slip very easily from local optima compared to Simple PSO algorithm due to remarkable behavior and high ability of the chaos. In this study, the CPSO algorithm was utilized as an optimization tool for solving the RPO problem; the main objective in this study is to decrease the power loss and enhance the voltage profile in the power system. The presented algorithm was tested on IEEE Node-14 system. The simulation implications for this system reveal that the CPSO algorithm provides the best results. It had a high ability to minimize transmission line losses and improve the system's voltage profile compared to the Simple PSO and other approaches in the literature
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