International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Design of a half-bridge inverter with digital SPWM control for pure sine wave output
Get PDFTo foster the widespread adoption of solar power, especially that produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems, we must move beyond the mere utilization of renewable energy sources. Prioritizing cost-effective approaches through innovative grid integration is essential. This strategic transformation significantly contributes to the global expansion of electrical energy production. One pioneering approach involves the implementation of inverters operating at high frequencies to efficiently filter and eliminate undesirable current harmonics, thus enhancing system performance. This innovative technique relies on the generation of rapid complementary digital pulse width modulation (PWM) signals, complete with built-in dead time, to manage a half-bridge inverter with a single phase. The paper recommends employing the IR2110 driver, an often-used component for MOSFET switch management, to execute this strategy. The entire system is controlled by high-frequency PWM signals, meticulously programmed for precision, generated by a microcontroller driver board. With its adaptability to various renewable energy conversion devices, this methodology extends its utility beyond solar energy. Practical tests have confirmed the efficacy of this strategy. Future research in this field should scrutinize the effect of PWM on system stability and harmonic distortion, explore advanced modulation methods, align PWM approaches with upcoming power electronics technologies, and work towards improving system efficiency
Optimal distributed generator placement for loss reduction using fuzzy and adaptive grey wolf algorithm
Get PDFThis research provides a new methodology for locating distributed generation (DG) units in distribution electrical networks utilizing the fuzzy and adaptive grey wolf optimization algorithm (AGWOA) to decrease power losses and enhance the voltage profile. Everyday living relies heavily on electrical energy. The promotion of generating electrical power from renewable energy sources such as wind, tidal wave, and solar energy has arisen due to the significant value placed on all prospective energy sources capable of producing it. There has been substantial research on integrating distributed generation into the electricity system due to the growing interest in renewable sources in recent years. The primary reason for adding distributed generation sources for the network is to supply a net quantity of power, lowering power losses. Determining the amount and location of local generation is crucial for reducing the line losses of power systems. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the best location for distributed generation. In this study, DG unit placement is determined using a fuzzy technique. In contrast, photovoltaic (PV) and capacitor placement and size are determined simultaneously using an adaptive grey wolf technique based on the cunning behavior of wolves. The proposed method is developed using the MATLAB programming language; the results are then provided after testing on test systems with 33-bus and 15-bus
Multi-objective hunter prey optimizer technique for distributed generation placement
Get PDFAccommodation of distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution power network (DPN) reduces the power losses (PL), improves the voltage profile (VP), and enhances the stability. The size and site for distribution generations have to be optimized to avail favorable results. Otherwise, the DPN may experience greater power losses, higher voltage deviation, and voltage instability issues. This article implements an optimization technique using a hunter-prey optimizer (HPO) algorithm to optimize single and multiple (two) DG units in the radial DPN to minimize total real power losses (RPL) and total voltage deviation (TVD). The effectiveness of the HPO algorithm is assessed on the IEEE benchmark 69-bus radial DPN and a real-world Cairo-59 bus RDS. The simulation outcome after the optimized inclusion of DGs shown significant RPL reduction and considerable voltage enhancement. Furthermore, the optimized results of HPO algorithm were compared to the different algorithms and the comparison proved that the HPO can provide a more promising and authentic outcome than other algorithms
Solar and battery input super boost DC–DC converter for solar powered electric vehicle
Get PDFThe electric vehicle (EV) is increasingly emerging as an attractive solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels in India. In commercial EVs, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is employed both to charge the battery and power the vehicle. However, the conventional bidirectional DC-DC converter layout results in underutilization of solar PV power when the battery's state of charge (SOC) reaches maximum capacity. This work offers a unique dual input super boost (DISB) DC-DC converter designed specifically for solar-powered electric vehicles (EVs) to address the aforementioned challenge. The recently suggested converter operates in six different modes to effectively capture solar photovoltaic (PV) power. Notable benefits of this design include a wide range of speed control and fewer conduction devices in each mode, which eventually result in increased overall efficiency. An extensive analysis of the suggested DISB DC-DC converter is carried out by the study, encompassing detailed examination of operating waveforms and dynamic evaluations. Furthermore, the converter's performance and operation under the six different modes are verified through simulation
Speed control of induction motor using fuzzy logic based on internet of things
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to propose an innovative method of controlling the speed of an induction motor (IM) using fuzzy logic, integrated with internet of things (IoT). To achieve this aim, fuzzy logic was used to increase the performance of IM in order to obtain stable speed and high system response even in the presence of disturbances. Moreover, fuzzy logic relied on rules that used linguistic variables, and its main advantage was simple yet highly accurate, enabling the system to be efficient for determining parameters compared to the time-consuming and inefficient trial-and-error method. In this research, IoT implementation used Blynk platform to control and monitor IM speed remotely. Additionally, the components used in this research included an inverter, gate driver, Arduino Mega 2560, and NodeMCU ESP8266. Pulse width modulation (PWM) was required to obtain rotational speed of the motor through MOSFET switching process. The gate driver amplified PWM signal from Arduino Mega 2560, allowing MOSFET to operate. As a result, IM achieved a stable speed, and the system response followed the reference using fuzzy logic. In addition to this process, the system could be controlled and monitored remotely. Finally, the control system was successful, and the results were presented to show the viability of the proposed method
Boost efficiency performance through the enhancement of duty cycle based MPPT algorithm
Get PDFThe use of direct power control (DPC) has become popular as an effective control strategy for pulse width modulated (PWM) converters. The incremental conductance algorithm (INC) is utilized to control the duty cycle (D) in tracking the optimal point to increase power efficiency in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). WECS parameters are adjusted to achieve unity power factor, allowing the system to extract maximum power () from WECS. Simulation results show that wind speed has a significant impact on the captured power, with a proportional relationship between wind speed and power. Control strategies are employed to optimize the (D) to reach the desired operating point. A DC-DC boost converter is connected to WECS, where the (D) controls the MOSFET to maintain at the optimal level on the DC link. Various wind speed profiles are simulated in this study to evaluate system efficiency, especially under conditions of rapid wind speed fluctuations. The controller based on (D) demonstrates superior tracking performance through the DC link, ensuring that remains at an optimal level
Fabrication of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-based solar cells using RF-PECVD
Get PDFThin-film solar cells made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon have succeeded in crystallization technologies as a less expensive alternative because of their straightforward design, sparse material requirements, low processing temperatures, and cheap manufacturing costs. A multi-chamber plasma-accelerated chemical vapor deposition apparatus driven by radio frequency was used to create the intrinsic and extrinsic layers of the a-Si: H solar cell. Multi-chamber allows us to upgrade each layer of the gadget utilizing a distinct space, preventing cross-contamination throughout the procedure. To enhance cell conversion efficiency, a thorough analysis has been conducted in this work to evaluate the manufacturing process and comprehend the link between process factors and property dependency. Our findings demonstrate an amorphous Si: H solar cell with a maximum cell efficiency of 6.52%, Voc 880 mV, Isc 11.33 mA/cm2, and FF 65%. We think that a modeling method followed by manufacturing can further enhance the performance of a-Si: H-based solar cell devices
Comparison of MPP methods for photovoltaic system
Get PDFSolar electricity is usually a ubiquitous photovoltaic (PV) power source that converts sunlight into electricity. This makes solar energy a key factor in meeting the growing global demand. However, solar energy production from photovoltaic cells can be limited by many factors, so the power source needs to be optimized to reach the maximum level. One of the crucial technologies to enhance the power production of photovoltaic structures is maximum power point tracking (MPPT) measurement. This technology increases energy production by providing many advantages such as security, freedom, maximum energy efficiency, and environmental protection. MPPT continuously monitors the maximum power point of the photovoltaic structure to ensure the system operates at peak efficiency. This technology is indispensable in today’s solar systems, enabling the use of solar energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. By optimizing solar energy production, MPPT technology plays a crucial role in supporting the future of energy. It helps reduce climate change and promotes environmentally friendly practices through the use of renewable energy. MPPT technology also increases solar reliability, reduces maintenance costs, and improves overall performance. This makes MPPT an essential part of the modern solar system, ensuring they are efficient and effective
Prediction of wind power with various air speed using neuro-fuzzy logic in MATLAB
Get PDFThe energy crisis in Bangladesh has persisted for many years, predominantly reliant on fossil fuels for power generation, which is both economically and environmentally costly. It is imperative to transition away from fossil fuels towards more cost-effective and eco-friendly energy sources. Wind energy presents a viable solution to alleviate this crisis, especially considering Bangladesh's extensive coastline, offering great potential for harnessing significant amounts of electricity. Extensive research has been conducted on the feasibility of deploying wind turbines across various coastal zones to generate power and facilitate irrigation seasons. This research delves into the operational principles and performance parameters of wind turbines. A modified fan is utilized to assess power generation under varying air speeds, with data analysis conducted using neuro-fuzzy logic. The findings reveal a minimal percentage error of 0.09, underscoring the reliability of the proposed fuzzy model in predicting wind power output based on wind speed. This underscores the potential for leveraging wind energy as a sustainable and reliable alternative to fossil fuels in addressing Bangladesh's energy challenges
Implementing fuzzy control for a DC-DC boost converter using FPGA
Get PDFThis research explores the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to mitigate static voltage errors and reduce voltage spikes in DC-DC boost converters. Given the dynamic nature of the load impedance in these converters, FPGA is well-suited for designing systems with adaptive behavior. The study implements a fuzzy control algorithm on FPGA in a simulation environment with a small sampling period. The parallel processing capability of FPGA enables the simultaneous execution of fuzzy control algorithms, enhancing the system's responsiveness to rapid changes in load conditions. This approach minimizes voltage overshoot and effectively suppresses voltage spikes. By leveraging FPGA’s high-speed parallelism and flexibility, the research demonstrates significant improvements in the dynamic performance of the DC-DC boost converter. The results highlight FPGA’s potential as a robust platform for controlling power electronic systems, ensuring improved stability and efficiency under varying load conditions