1,355,275 research outputs found
Nechaev receives first installment of multiyear grant from NIH and DHHS
No full textGRAND FORKS, N.D.—Sergei Nechaev, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at UND’s School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), has received the first installment on a three-year award worth $521,000 for a project titled “Transcriptome Profiling of Highly Degraded Specimens through Global analysis of Short RNA Fragments.” The grant was awarded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the National Institutes of Health.
According to Nechaev (right), the ribonucleic acid (RNA) that is produced by the DNA in human cells plays a role in determining if and when a cell might become tumorigenic, or cancerous. And finding out what RNA is present in a given tumor can tell researchers what genes were active in making the cell cancerous—and indicate the best possible treatment.
“The problem we face in studying cell RNA is that fresh biopsy samples collected from patients are not always available for research,” explained Nechaev. “And archived samples that were obtained in the past may no longer have good quality RNA. So this grant supports the development of a technology that will seek to overcome this problem by developing a way to detect RNA even in poor-quality samples.”
Should such new technology be developed, says Nechaev, it would enable researchers to use genetic samples collected from patients many years ago in cancer research today: “The use of this technology would not be limited to cancer samples. I have already received a request to analyze RNA from animal specimens that have been stored in museums for many years.”
Nechaev conducts research in a field known as epigenetics. Researchers studying epigenetics explore the mechanisms that regulate gene expression and the activation and deactivation of specific genes. Understanding better how the human body can turn genes on and off during growth and aging and in response to its environment has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, and diabetes.
This epigenetics project is one of many projects ongoing at the UND SMHS that fall under the category of clinical and translational research: research that “translates” discoveries made at the laboratory bench for clinical implementation to directly benefit patients. The SMHS has made clinical and translational research a priority in recent years, a fact that bodes well for the citizens of North Dakota who will benefit from the increasingly rapid application of discoveries made in the laboratory to the treatment of their ailments.
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Brian James Schill
Assistant Director, Office of Alumni and Community Relations
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences
701.777.2733
[email protected] | www.med.und.ed
Nechaev receives first installment of multiyear grant from NSF
No full textGRAND FORKS, N.D.—Sergei Nechaev, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at UND’s School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), has received the first installment on a five-year award worth $1.25 million for a project entitled “CAREER: Organization of Global Transcriptomes by Stepwise control of POL II activity at gene promoters.” The grant was awarded by the National Science Foundation.
According to Nechaev (right), despite decades of cutting-edge research, the question of how the activity of genes is organized into specific patterns, called transcriptomes, that give rise to all possible cell types in the organism remains unanswered.
“This issue is important not only for health researchers,” Nechaev said, “but any scientist exploring the fundamental questions about how simpler components—whether genes, neurons, or human-designed switches—can drive highly complex processes that include cell differentiation, brain organization, and possibly artificial intelligence.”
According to Nechaev, the new grant focuses on how the human genome can “encode” stable patterns of gene expression by exploring a poorly understood process called “Pol II pausing.” The goal of the project supported by the grant is to determine how proteins involved in the control of Pol II pausing regulate transcription of genes genome-wide. By the end of the grant, the laboratory hopes to understand better how genes organize into networks. Expanding the grant’s impact is the fact that high school, undergraduate, and graduate students will have the opportunity to engage in cutting edge research at the SMHS that combines molecular biology, bioinformatics, and mathematical modeling.
Nechaev conducts research in a field known as epigenetics. Researchers studying epigenetics explore the mechanisms that regulate gene expression and the activation and deactivation of specific genes. Understanding better how the human body can turn genes on and off during growth, aging, and in response to its environment has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, and diabetes.
# # #
Brian James Schill
Assistant Director, Office of Alumni and Community Relations
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences
701.777.2733 direct | 701.215.0521 cell
[email protected] | www.med.und.ed
Characteristic of a student in experimental pedagogy by O. Nechaev and G. Rossolimo
No full textУ статті на основі аналізу праць учених – представників експериментальної педагогіки Олександра Нечаєва (1870–1947) та Григорія Россолімо (1860–1928) висвітлено їхній внесок у розроблення проблеми характеристики учня. Доведено, що обидва вчені зазначеній проблемі приділяли особливу увагу, розробляючи її у таких аспектах: обґрунтування необхідності вивчення вчителем учня та підвищення психологічних знань учителя (О. Нечаєв), створення планів вивчення школяра у формі спеціальних питальників з детальним рекомендаціями щодо користування ними (О. Нечаєв, Г. Россолімо), оформлення результатів вивчення учня у вигляді «психологічного профілю», що був наочним (графічним) зображенням характеристики (Г. Россолімо). У статті обґрунтовано, що, розробляючи профіль учня, О. Нечаєв виходив з необхідності враховувати індивідуальні здібності та схильності вихованця в навчальному процесі, які можна було б ефективно здійснити на основі вивчення учень з подальшим складанням профілю учня.
Акцентовано, що стосунки між вченими були важливими у розвитку наукових ідей: Г. Россолімо пов’язував виникнення свого методу «психологічного профілю» безпосередньо з ідеями О. Нечаєва. У висновках підкреслено, що психологічні характеристики різних типів, розроблені Россолімо, були його внеском у типологію дитинства, поряд із типологією П. Лесгафта. Ці типології є вагомою допомогою вчителя в процесі навчання школяра та складання його профілю. Акцентовано, що експериментальна педагогіка – це науковий феномен, назва котрого відображає основний метод отримання емпіричних знань – експеримент, який мав гарантувати об’єктивність отриманих даних, виводячи педагогіку на рівень точних наук.In the article, based on the analysis of the works of scientists – the representatives of experimental pedagogy Olexandr Nechaev (1870–1947) and Grigory Rossolimo (1860–1928), their contribution to the development of the problem of the pupil’s profile is highlighted. It has been proved that both scientists paid special attention to this issue, developing it in the following aspects: substantiation of the necessity of studying a pupil by the teacher and improvement of psychological knowledge of the teacher (O. Nechaev); creation of plans for studying the pupil in the form of special questionnaires with detailed recommendations on their use (O. Nechaev, G. Rossolimo), filling out the results of studying the pupil in the form of «psychological profile», which was a graphic representation of the profile (G. Rossolimo). It has been substantiated that, developing a problem of the pupil’s profile, O. Nechaev proceeded from the need to take into account the individual abilities and inclinations of the pupil in the educational process, which could be effectively carried out on the basis of studying the pupil with the subsequent compilation of the pupil’s profile. It has been well-reasoned that relations between scientists were significant in the development of scientific ideas: G. Rossolimo linked the emergence of his method of «psychological profile» directly with the ideas of O. Nechaev. It has been emphasized that the psychological characteristics of various types given by Rossolimo were his contribution to the typology of childhood, along with the typology of P.
Lesgaft. These typologies are a significant help to the teacher in the process of learning the pupil and compilation of his profile. It has been emphasized that experimental pedagogy is a scientific phenomenon, the name of which reflects the main method of obtaining empirical knowledge — an experiment that was supposed to guarantee the objectivity of the data obtained, bringing pedagogy to the level of exact sciences; the concept of «experimental pedagogy» is established within the limits of historical–pedagogical discourse as a definition of the scientific phenomenon, characteristic only for the beginning of the XX century
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
SocialLink: exploiting graph embeddings to link DBpedia entities to Twitter profiles
No full textSocialLink is a project designed to match social media profiles on Twitter to corresponding entities in DBpedia. Built to bridge the vibrant Twitter social media world and the Linked Open Data cloud, SocialLink enables knowledge transfer between the two, both assisting Semantic Web practitioners in better harvesting the vast amounts of information available on Twitter and allowing leveraging of DBpedia data for social media analysis tasks. In this paper, we further extend the original SocialLink approach by exploiting graph-based features based on both DBpedia and Twitter, represented as graph embeddings learned from vast amounts of unlabeled data. The introduction of such new features required to redesign our deep neural network-based candidate selection algorithm and, as a result, we experimentally demonstrate a significant improvement of the performances of SocialLink
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Linking knowledge bases to social media profiles
No full textSocial media have become an invaluable source of data for a wide variety of tasks. Unfortunately, this data is hard to gather and process due to low amount of machine readable attributes, API limitations and noisiness. In this paper we propose a system that aligns knowledge base entries of people and organisations to the corresponding social media profiles. The motivation is twofold:(i) on the one hand, we facilitate processing of social media data by allowing the import of rich entity descriptions from knowledge bases;(ii) on the other hand, we are enabling an automatic enrichment of a knowledge base with additional data from the social media. We used this system to create a resource of 893,446 alignments between DBpedia entities and Twitter profiles. This resource allows, effectively, to connect Twitter to the Linked Open Data cloud
SocialLink: Linking DBpedia entities to corresponding Twitter accounts
No full textWe present SocialLink, a publicly available Linked Open Data dataset that matches social media accounts on Twitter to the corresponding entities in multiple language chapters of DBpedia. By effectively bridging the Twitter social media world and the Linked Open Data cloud, SocialLink enables knowledge transfer between the two: on the one hand, it supports Semantic Web practitioners in better harvesting the vast amounts of valuable, up-to-date information available in Twitter; on the other hand, it permits Social Media researchers to leverage DBpedia data when processing the noisy, semi-structured data of Twitter. SocialLink is automatically updated with periodic releases and the code along with the gold standard dataset used for its training are made available as an open source project
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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