7 research outputs found
USŁUGI EKOLOGICZNE JAKO ELEMENT OCENY OPŁACALNOŚCI INWESTYCJI
No full textThe subject of the article is the essence of the concept of ecosystem services valuation. The author attempts to characterize these services, as well as indicates the importance of assessment of their value in the investment decision-making process, particularly in terms of their profitability Article also presents examples of methods for assessing the value of ecosystem services and indicates the difficulties that accompany this process.Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w artykule jest istota koncepcji waloryzacji usług ekosystemów. Podjęto próbę zarówno scharakteryzowania tych usług, jak również wskazania istotności oceny ich wartości jako elementu inwestycyjnego procesu decyzyjnego dotyczącego opłacalności. Przytoczono również przykładowe metody oceny wartości usług ekosystemowym z jednoczesnym wskazaniem trudności które towarzyszą temu procesowi.
A systematic review of the epidemiology of unintentional burn injuries in South Asia
No full textBackgroundBurns are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. We examined the epidemiology of unintentional burns in South Asia to identify trends and gaps in information.MethodsA MEDLINE/PUBMED search (1970-2011) was undertaken on empirical studies that focused on burns in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Data analyzed included demographics, injury details and risk factors.ResultsTwenty-seven studies were identified, mostly from India. Burns were more common among males at younger ages (0-12 years) and among females from adolescence onward (\u3e14 years). Flame-related burns and scalds accounted for over 80% of burns in most cases, and were the most common types of injuries observed among children and women with most burns occurring in the home. Electrical burns occurred mostly among men. Important risk factors for burns included low socioeconomic status, being younger, wearing loose, flammable clothing and the use of kerosene. Data on care-seeking and treatment were limited.ConclusionsPreventing burns in the household in South Asia, particularly around kitchen activities, is essential. Children in South Asia are susceptible to burns and are an important target population. Future research should focus on filling the gaps in burn epidemiology found in this review. © The Author 2013, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health
Investigation of small-scale energy release and transfer processes in the solar atmosphere with high-resolution observations in infrared
No full textSolar spectrum in the infrared (IR) contains abundant information of solar activities, however, it has not spectral lines in the solar IR spectrum provide different tools to probe the solar atmosphere in various heights. This radiation band in such relatively long wavelength includes various atom and molecule spectral lines that are generated by relatively small energy level transitions. The temperature-sensitive and highly dynamic spectral lines could reveal the energy transmission process more easily than those in the visible wavelength of solar emission. Moreover, the better magnetic sensitivities for the infrared lines resulting from their longer wavelength make them detect the solar magnetic fields more precisely. Another reason to develop the IR solar physics is for its better observation seeing conditions.
With the advances in instrumentation techniques embodied in the 1.6-meter aperture Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) has developed a series of high spatial and temporal resolution instruments in IR. Near- InfRared Imaging spectropolarimeter (NIRIS) provides imaging spectropolarimetric data with the Fe I 15648.5 Å and imaging spectroscopic data for the He I 10830 Å, which offer powerful tool to detect the vector magnetic field in the deepest solar photosphere and the dynamic measurement from the high chromosphere to the low transition region, respectively. CrYogenic infRAred spectrograph (CYRA) is a new facility instrument that operates at the Near-IR wavelengths in 1-5 µm, which is not only powerful for photospheric magnetic measurement but also uniquefor chromospheric structure diagnostic.
The main achievements in this dissertation are as follows: (1) The high-resolution spectroscopic imaging in He I 10830 Å and Ha for a set of active region magnetic loops of different sizes I carried out. Movies made of blue and red wing images give counter-streaming motions, i.e., chromospheric absorption features in blue and red wing images move in opposite directions, at different strands. The moving pattern is detected with the local correlation tracking method and confirmed by Doppler shifts. For counter-streaming motions in long loops, I show that unidirectional mass flows in two opposite directions are accompanied by simultaneous weak EUV brightenings. (2) Observations with the GST, showing that the emergence of new magnetic flux occurred at the edge of a filamentary light bridge I presented. The emergence was accompanied by brightness enhancement of a photospheric overturning convection cell at the endpoints of the emerging magnetic structure. A fan-shaped jet was observed to be spatially and temporally correlated with the endpoint of the OCC intruding into the light bridge. My observation is the first report of flux emergence within a granular light bridge with evidence in the evolution of vector magnetic field as well as photosphere convection motions and supports the idea that the impulsive jets above the light bridge are caused by magnetic reconnection. (3) CYRA is the first fully cryogenic spectrograph in any solar observatory. It has been installed and the author is involved in the implementation, commission as well as the data acquisition and reduction for CYRA. The preliminary scientific results have been highlighted as well in this dissertation
A Co-Produced Analysis of SEND Policy for Children and Young People: Centring Racial and Ethnic Equity, Mental Health & Accountability
No full textDecades of documented ethnic disproportionalities in Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) provision raises concerns that current practices may be culturally insensitive for racially and ethnically minoritised children and young people. Provision for Social, Emotional and Mental Health (SEMH) needs may be particularly vulnerable to culturally insensitive practices driving disproportionalities. Despite the well-established role of social determinants of health and growing awareness of the need for cultural safety and trauma-informed practices, their integration into UK policy remains unclear, with limited research examining equity-oriented approaches in SEND policy.
This study, co-produced with peer researchers and community stakeholders, examined national and local SEND policy and guidelines in England across three domains: justice and equity; specificity of content related to mental health, cultural safety and trauma-informed practice; and components of effective implementation.
Systematic searches of government and local authority websites identified eligible content which we analysed using a co-developed coding framework. We calculated the frequency of content meeting baseline criteria and examined the patterns and implications across the three domains.
Findings revealed significant gaps and opportunities for improvement, highlighting the need for stronger accountability measures and a more explicit focus on equitable practices in guiding SEND provision. The research highlights the need to establish a unified vision for a more equitable system that centres children and young people’s rights to education, health and participation
Hyperaspidinae Mulsant
No full textHyperaspidinae Mulsant Hyperaspiens Mulsant, 1850: 495. Hyperaspidae Berg, 1874: 291. Hyperaspides Crotch, 1873: 363; Crotch 1874: 208. Hyperaspites Chapuis, 1876: 166. Hyperaspinae Duverger, 1989: 143. Description. Small to medium size. Form primarily round, convex, often elongate, slightly flattened. Dorsal surface glabrous except clypeus and often frons next to eye pubescent (except Blaisdelliana Gordon which is entirely pubescent). Antenna short, with 9–11 articles, club elongate, fusiform, apical antennomere small, recessed in preceding article; antennal insertion exposed or concealed. Eye large, entire, emarginate or not by eye canthus, finely faceted, without pubescence. Maxillary palpus with apical segment securiform. Scutellum usually large. Tarsus cryptotetramerous. Abdomen with 6 visible ventrites, small glandular pores between ventrites 2–3 and 3–4 present, with or without large primary pores between ventrites 4–5, male with an additional visible apical tergite in Brachiacanthini. Remarks. Mulsant (1850) listed three members of his “Premier Groupe,” Coccinelliens, Chilocoriens, and Hyperaspiens. In that same work, he later listed and defined the various “Branches” of Hyperaspiens, which included Brachiacanthaires, Hyperaspiares, Thalassaires, and Tiphysaires, thus he was the first to group taxa in a hierarchical fashion extending his 1846 treatment. Therefore, we consider Mulsant (1846) the author of the modern term “ Hyperaspidinae.” Since 1850 the hyperaspidine genera have variously been assigned to Hyperaspini in the subfamily Scymninae, or placed as a tribe within the Chilocorinae (Sasaji 1968). Duverger (1989) defined Hyperaspidini and Brachiacanthini, listing them as the only tribes comprising Hyperaspidinae. Coccinellidae classification has been discussed by various authors in recent years, and Slipinski (2007) stated that he has, at least temporarily, lumped most of the tribes including Hyperaspini together as Coccidulinae. Here we retain the classical classification which recognizes the subfamily Hyperaspidinae to simplify references to previous usage.Published as part of Gordon, Robert D., Canepari, Claudio & Hanley, Guy A., 2013, South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part XII: New name for Cyra Mulsant, review of Brachiacanthini genera, and systematic revision of Cleothera Mulsant, Hinda Mulsant and Serratitibia Gordon and Canepari, new genus, pp. 1-150 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (278) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.453157
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A co‐produced analysis of SEND policy for children and young people: Centring racial and ethnic equity, mental health and accountability
No full textDespite decades of documented ethnic inequalities in Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND), the well‐established role of social determinants of health and growing awareness of cultural safety and trauma‐informed practices in supporting children's mental health, their integration into England's SEND policy remains unclear. This study, co‐produced with peer researchers and community stakeholders, examined national and local SEND policy and guidelines in England across three domains: justice and equity; content related to mental health, cultural safety and trauma‐informed practice; and effective implementation. Systematic searches of national documents (n = 129) and Local Authority websites (n = 152) identified eligible content analysed using a co‐developed coding framework. We calculated the frequency of content meeting baseline criteria and examined patterns and implications. Findings revealed current policy does not align with aspects of equitable and effective policy. Inequalities are superficially acknowledged with little recognition of social determinants of health. Although SEND provision, particularly for mental health, sits at the crossroads of education and health/healthcare rights, this connection is rarely addressed and requirements for children's participation are inconsistently exemplified. The SEND system lacks clarity in supporting mental health, cultural safety approaches are absent, and clear direction on trauma‐informed practices is missing. Accountability mechanisms are insufficient with poorly defined roles, lack of transparency in complaints processes, inadequate monitoring of inequalities and missing enforcement mechanisms. There is an urgent need to establish a unified rights‐based vision with tangible accountability measures and explicit equity‐orientation to achieve an inclusive and equitable system
Price of life. Sara Nomberg-Przytyk case
No full textThis book is an attempt to present the biography of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, which is a story about a generation of pre-war communists disappointed with an ideological utopia. At the same time, her biography goes beyond this generation. The heroine, being a communist activist, often took stands which were not in accordance with the official program of the communist party. As a witness to history, but also as its active participant and commentator, in her autobiographical texts, Nomberg-Przytyk reflects upon her own life and analyzes it in a critical way. She became involved with two totalitarian systems of the 20th century, communism and Nazism. She devoted herself to the former and became an ardent supporter thereof, but she was the victim of the latter, a victim who survived in spite of the system’s assumptions. The character of Nomberg-Przytyk demands presentation because of being “an interesting case of a Polish-language author who is present in the international, especially American, canon of Holocaust literature, but is almost completely unknown in Poland”. Sara Nomberg-Przytyk’s biography was discussed by Holli Levitsky, Ewa Rogalewska and Laura Mincer. Information about Sara Nomberg-Przytyk was included in Encyclopedia of Holocaust Literature and in Reference Guide to Holocaust Literature. Out of all the authors who wrote about the Białystok ghetto, Sara Nomberg-Przytyk is the only one present in the Holocaust Literature. An Encyclopedia of Writers and their Work. One of the objectives of this book is to make an attempt to present the complete biography of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk. Archival materials which had not been analyzed so far were used for this purpose. The collation of knowledge obtained from archives enable a presentation of Nomberg-Przytyk and her achievements from different points of view. This book unveils the discrepancy between the discourse of history and the discourse of memory in her texts. A significant reason for which Sara Nomberg-Przytyk is worth being presented is the place which her memories take among the few published testimonies about the Holocaust written by Jews from Białystok. Nomberg-Przytyk’s narration about the Shoah is also a valuable presentation of the perspective on a concentration camp, as seen through the eyes of a woman. The objective of this book is to make an attempt to interpret archival materials on the life and work of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk obtained from various sources. One of the main tasks is to answer the question of the transformations of her identity and causes of her metamorphoses. Four key factors which influenced the transformations of her identity are revealed in the autobiographical records by Nomberg-Przytyk. These factors were Jewish descent, involvement in communist activities, experiences of the Holocaust, and the fate of an emigrant. Sequentiality of the abovementioned factors, predominance of some of them during various periods of her life, their displacement, but also constant overlapping can be noticed. Her opposition to the values which she was taught at her family home, revolutionary involvement in the pre-war and post-war communist movement, and an attitude of active resistance in the face of her nation’s extermination were characteristic features which reveal Nomberg-Przytyk’s rebellious character. It was finally shown in the decision of breaking the silence and writing down her belated testimonies. Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska assigns the works of Nomberg-Przytyk to Polish-Jewish literature available in English translations. Laura Mincer includes Więzienie było moim domem by Nomberg-Przytyk into the prison literature genre, hitherto not distinguished in the Polish literatury studies. Most often, however, works by Sara Nomberg-Przytyk are presented as examples of Holocaust literature recorded from a feminist perspective. The structure of this study is arranged chronologically. The first chapter presents the family environment of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk. It shows Sara’s polemics and remonstration with Hassidic religiosity against the roles of men and women. The chapter presents the influence of her grandfather, a rabbi, on the consciousness of the writer as a child and an adolescent. It focuses on the specificity of her childhood burdened with poliomyelitis and the suffering connected with the surgical procedures she underwent. This chapter presents the key role of Sara’s mother in the development of the young girl’s personality. The issue of national and cultural identity of Nomberg-Przytyk is discussed in the final part of the chapter. The second chapter is focused on Sara Nomberg-Przytyk’s way to the communist utopia and on the premises which prompted her to become involved in a left-wing movement. It is an attempt to assign Nomberg to a generation and to indicate her features which went beyond this generation. This chapter presents the consequences of her participation in an illegal communist movement; it describes the problems and the reality of two instances of her incarceration during the interwar period. The third chapter is of key importance. It touches upon two autobiographical records, Kolumny Samsona and Auschwitz. True Tales from a Grotesque Land. These texts present the process of extermination of Polish Jews as seen through the eyes of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, as well as her personal experiences from the times of the Shoah. This chapter is divided into three thematic parts. The first one describes her escape to the Soviet zone and her stay there between 1939 and 1941. It presents her involvement in educational work and attempts to build her personal life. The second part refers to the times of her isolation in the Białystok ghetto between 1941 and 1943. It shows the reality of living in a closed district, the friendships and acquaintances she made, as well as her assessment of the Judenrat and the resistance movement’s activity. The third theme refers to the experiences of Nomberg-Przytyk in Stuthoff, Auschwitz- Birkenau, and Ravensbrück concentration camps. She presents the image of Auschwitz-Birkenau from the point of view of a female prisoner who was brought to the extermination camp in 1944 and gained somew hat, privileged position. This chapter is also focused on describing the perpetrators, especially infamous Doctor Josef Mengele. It also raises the difficult issue of judging the motives of kapos in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The fourth chapter discusses the post-war life of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, her political involvement after returning to Lublin in 1945. It emphasizes her family life, her relationship with Andrzej Przytyk, and their children, personal desires and hopes for the rebirth of her life after being saved from the Holocaust. The chapter displays the sources of ideological, professional, and personal failures during various periods of her life in the Polish People’s Republic. This part of the study unveils the process of Nomberg-Przytyk’s growing awareness of the communist system’s faults and deformations. Chapter five presents the life of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk after her departure from Poland in 1968. It shows the difficult beginnings of starting a new life in the exile. The chapter raises the issue of national identity, a symbolic return to the Yiddish language and to Jewish roots. It also shows the degree to which the Auschwitz syndrome remains present in the consciousness of the author who was suspended between different countries and cultures. In this chapter, her migration experiences were complemented recollections of her friends and family. This study required combining many with research methods, drawn from such of study as biographism in literature, Holocaust historiography, sociological analysis, psychology of the Holocaust, as well as analysis of documents and autobiography. Biographism was adopted as the source of historical knowledge. This topic require a broad research perspective in order to take historical and social contexts into account. The texts by Nomberg-Przytyk which I have decided to analyze belong to the field of autobiography. I have adopted the definition of autobiography formulated by Roman Zimand and the method of biographical analysis developed by Lejeune, and Małgorzata Czermińska. Reference materials from several archives were analyzed in this book. Search queries made the State Archives in Lublin allowed the finding of handwritten biographies by Nomberg, but also opinions of communist party activists and authorities on Sara Nomberg-Przytyk and Andrzej Przytyk. These documents reveal numerous discrepancies and inconsistencies as to, for example, the date and place of her birth and the spelling of her name. The query at the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw provided the new information about the name of Nomberg’s first husband which she would not disclose in other post-war documents. Testimonies of prisoners about the saving of Sara Nomberg were found at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum Archives. Search queries of files on Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, her husband, and children conducted at the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw and Bialystok allowed to find out when and where she had crossed the Polish border in 1968, what actions the authorities took during the departure of her and her family, as well as the date of her receiving the status of a stateless person. Nomberg’s matriculation certificate and several other documents from the interwar period were found at the Archives University of Warsaw. The author of this study has obtained the file of Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, the journalist (she is listed under this name). The file provided information on Nomberg-Przytyk’s work for a newspaper. The only copy of the Polish-language typescript of Nomberg-Przytyk’s memoirs, deposited upon being rejected by publishers in Lublin 1968, was obtained from the Yad Vashem Archives the publishers. Interviews with Sara Nomberg-Przytyk conducted by Maud Chamberland between November 24, 1988, and February 26, 1990, provide additional information on the writers. A Master’s thesis presented at the University of Sherbrooke in Canada was written of the basis on those interviews. Conversations with Sara Nomberg-Przytyk recorded near the end of her life created a rich and quite a unique autobiographical material on the evolution her views and experiences. The author of this study failed to reach a number of sources which still remain undiscovered, i.e. documents deposited at the Archive in Grodno, where documents that confirm Sara Nomberg’s activity in the Soviet zone are probably stored. 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