1,720,990 research outputs found
Belt and Road Initiative may create new supplies for illegal wildlife trade in large carnivores
Full text linkHinsley, Amy/0000-0002-5590-7617; Farhadinia, Mohammad/0000-0002-5385-6254; Ambarli, Huseyin/0000-0003-4336-9417; Nawaz, Muhammad Ali/0000-0001-5632-9014WOS: 000484026600002PubMed: 31406278…Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford; Oxford Martin Programme on the Illegal Wildlife TradeM.S.F. was supported by a research fellowship from the Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford. A.H. was supported by the Oxford Martin Programme on the Illegal Wildlife Trade
Utvikling av ikke-invasiv overvåking av rovdyr ved hjelp av hierarkiske modeller
Full text linkThe development of non-invasive approaches for monitoring wildlife populations made it feasible to obtain ecological parameters across landscapes and populations, rather than a few locations or individuals. The two most popular and widespread non-invasive monitoring methods are camera trapping and genetic sampling. The technical development associated with data collection has been impressive, whilst analytical capabilities have lagged behind. Only recently are we getting close to exploiting the potentials of non-invasively obtained data. The objective of my thesis is to apply modern hierarchical analytical models to several sets of carnivore monitoring data to address a series of conceptually and methodologically connected problems, faced by applied ecologists.
The thesis consists of four articles. Two of these include simulations, and all four articles involve model fitting and case studies. The latter target a range of species including wolverine and mesocarnivores in Scandinavia and the Himalayan brown bear.
Article I quantifies detectability of mesocarnivores by camera traps and sheds light on the behavioural responses of focal species to detection devices and to olfactory lures as an important aspect of detectability. Article II incorporates multiple data sources with varying levels of information in a data-sparse situation and introduces a multiple observation process model in the spatial capture-recapture framework to estimate population parameters. This model is applied to multi-method monitoring data of a Himalayan brown bear population in Pakistan. The focus in Article III is heterogeneity in the environment and it uncovers sex-specific patterns in wolverine home range size across the species’ range in Norway using solely non-invasively collected DNA data and spatial capture-recapture models. Article IV presents and evaluates an extension of the open-population spatial capture-recapture model to improve inferences on population parameters and showcases its application on wolverine data in central Norway.
Hierarchical modelling offers ecologists an intuitive multi-level approach to disentangle observation and ecological processes. All chapters of this thesis include hierarchical models that account for imperfect detection. Depending on the research question, I use these models to estimate time-to-detection of species, population abundance and density, survival, variation in home range size and inter-annual movement. The monitoring methods used during this thesis are often applied to studies of rare or elusive species and data sparsity is another important challenge addressed in this thesis. Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling (BUGS) language facilitates the construction of flexible models that make the incorporation of multiple types of data into one comprehensive analysis comparatively straightforward. The articles included in this thesis showcase how hierarchical models help us use non-invasively collected data to yield answers to a range of questions in applied ecology. Tackling the associated challenges increases our ability to draw inferences that more closely describe the complexity of real-world ecological systems.Utviklingen av ikke-invasive metoder for å overvåke dyrepopulasjoner har gjort det mulig å estimere økologiske parametere på tvers av landskap og populasjoner, snarere enn noen få steder eller individer. De to mest populære og utbredte ikkeinvasive overvåkingsmetodene er viltkameraer og genetisk prøvetaking. Den tekniske utviklingen knyttet til datainnsamling har vært imponerende, mens analytiske evner har hengt etter. Først nylig har vi kommet i nærheten av å utnytte potensialet til ikke-invasivt innsamlede data. Målet med avhandlingen min er å bruke moderne hierarkiske analytiske modeller på flere sett med overvåkningsdata av rovdyr for å adressere en serie konseptuelt og metodisk koblede problemer, som anvendte økologer møter.
Oppgaven består av fire artikler. To av disse inkluderer simuleringer, og alle de fire artiklene involverer modelltilpassing og case-studier på en rekke arter, inkludert jerv og mesokarnivorer i Skandinavia og Himalaya brunbjørn.publishedVersio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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