191 research outputs found
PRIGIMTINIS ĮSTATYMAS IR PRIGIMTINĖS TEISĖS: NUO TOMO AKVINIEČIO IKI THOMASO HOBBESO
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama prigimtinio įstatymo koncepcijos politinėje filosofijoje sklaida. Susitelkiama ties dviejų mąstytojų – Tomo Akviniečio ir Thomaso Hobbeso – teorijomis, svarstomi jų filosofinių pozicijų panašumai ir skirtumai. Teigiama, kad perėjimas nuo Akviniečio prie Hobbeso politinės filosofijos yra glaudžiai susijęs su esmine transformacija, kurią galima vadinti perėjimu nuo klasikinės prigimtinio įstatymo koncepcijos prie prigimtinių teisių teorijos. Taip pat akcentuojama, jog tiek Akviniečio, tiek Hobbeso filosofinės įžvalgos yra svarbus diskusijų objektas ir šiandien. Tokio pobūdžio diskusijos galėtų reikšmingai praturtinti šiuolaikinę politinę filosofiją.
Prasminiai žodžiai: prigimtinis įstatymas, prigimtinės teisės, Akvinietis, Hobbesas.
NATURAL LAW AND NATURAL RIGHTS: FROM AQUINAS TO HOBBES
Andrius Navickas
Summary
The article deals with the concept of “rights” in the political philosophy. The author compares political philosophy of Aquinas and Hobbes, shows their similarities and differencies. The main aim of such analysis – to reveal the transformation in political philosophy, which can be named as the switch to natural rights theories. The author stresses that the tradition of natural law has various versions. The works of Aquinas and Hobbes represent two of them, which still are relevant for contemporary philosophical discussions.
Keywords: natural law, natural rights, Aquinas, Hobbes
The author and the text: linguistic analysis of andrius tapinas' commentaries.
No full textThe author and the text: linguistic analysis of Andrius Tapinas' commentaries This bachelor thesis analyses the commentaries of Andrius Tapinas and the aim is to identify authors position. The problem of authors position explorations is that it is frequent to decide about authors position from interpersonal metafunction. As there are three metafunctions, which function together – ideational, interpersonal and textual – it is possible to decide about authors position from ideational and textual metafunctions as well. Analysis has shown that genre, themes and informtion structure, which belong to ideational metafunction, reveal authors didactic and civic position, use of irony shows authors will to criticize and change current situation and inform the readers. Analysis of intertextuality has shown, that author is creative and witty, elements of other texts help author to express his opinion and inform addressees. Interpersonal function revealed, that author uses first and second person forms, which help to affiliate with addressees
Translation of cultural references in the novel “hour of the wolf” by author-translator andrius tapinas.
No full textThe phenomenon of self-translation is not yet commonly seen in the translation discipline. This thesis examines Andrius Tapinas's fictional novel Vilko Valanda, which the author himself describes as "Vilnius but different". The novel is set in our real world, but it also contains fantasy (steampunk) elements that were not included in the analysis, as this study focused on real culture-specific items, with the exception of proper nouns. This study analyses how author-translator Andrius Tapinas translated his work Hour of the Wolf into English, what translation strategies he used to translate culture-specific items, and whether he took a more detached translator's stance, or took advantage of his own stance as an author to make changes in the translation that translators would avoid. The study used Jurgita Mikutytė's (2005) and Shih Chung-ling's (2010) classifications of culture-specific items and Eirlys Davies' (2003) classification of translation strategies in order to answer the questions posed. A total of 319 culture-specific items were found in the original novel and 312 in the translation, as in some cases it was chosen to omit culture-specific items in the translation. The author-translator concept, the classification of culture-specific items and translation strategies are discussed in this paper. The data found is presented both quantitatively and qualitatively, giving a percentage breakdown of all the culture-specific item groups and the percentage frequency of translation strategies used. Translation within each subgroup of cultural realities is then discussed with examples. Finally, conclusions are presented, answering the questions raised and summarizing the whole study. The results of the study showed that the largest group of cultural realities was proper nouns, and the second largest group was slang and idioms. It was also found that the author-translator most frequently used localization translation strategy, with transformation in second place. A more detailed analysis showed that author-translator Andrius Tapinas followed the translator's stance and did not make any significant changes in the translation and tried to bring new readers closer to the novel by using the translation strategies of localization, transformation and addition. This study may be of interest to translators and writers who are interested in the author-translator phenomenon in the Lithuanian translation community. And a limitation of this study is that for some of the culture-specific item groups examples were not found in the novel, so it may have been better to concentrate on fewer groups and to analyse them in more depth instead
The effect of task and personal relevance on credibility judgements while searching on the Internet
No full textPeople can view the Internet as an endless source of information although it is not known how individuals might evaluate the credibility of information that is presented on websites. A methodology is needed to incorporate how the information seeking task, as well as the level of personal relevance, influences the criteria individuals use to evaluate Internet information. Forty subjects completed four search tasks with two of the tasks in topic areas where subjects had a high level of interest and the other two tasks in areas where subjects had a low level of interest. For each of the topic areas the subjects were asked to complete one fact finding task and one task that required more in-depth analysis. The results revealed that there are four factors explaining the subjects’ credibility judgments: competence, coverage, presentation, and trustworthiness. Results of logistic regression suggest that the complexity of the task influences the factors used in judging the credibility of information being presented. However there appears to be no relationship between the levels of personal relevance and criteria used to judge credibility. A revised model is proposed that incorporates the four factors and illustrates how they are used in evaluating credibility.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Andrius Viktoras Kirkyl
Provokuojanti knyga apie tarpukarį ir mus : recenzija
No full textRecenzijoje aptariama Valdo Pruskaus monografija „Socialinė katalikybė tarpukario Lietuvoje“ (2001). Šios knygos dėmesio centre – vis dar menkai išanalizuotos bei įvairiais stereotipais apipintos Katalikų Bažnyčios pastangos prisidėti prie naujos visuomenės kūrimo tarpukario Lietuvoje. Pruskus imasi sudėtingos ir provokuojančios užduoties – įvairiapusiškai pristatyti tarpukario Lietuvos mąstytojų idėjas, jų nedailinant, neslepiant kontroversijų, taikant joms to meto Europos intelektualinio gyvenimo standartus. Nors knygos autoriui tik iš dalies pavyko šią užduotį įgyvendinti, tačiau atskiri knygos trūkumai bei ginčytinos vietos neturėtų užgožti vertingų jos aspektų. Pagrindinis kolektyvinis knygos herojus – tai jaunoji katalikų intelektualų karta. Jie toli gražu ne vieninteliai knygos herojai. Daug dėmesio monografijoje skiriama Lietuvos krikščionių demokratų partijai. Neabejotinai didžiausias dėmesys knygoje skiriamas Katalikų Bažnyčiai. Nusakomi jaunųjų katalikų inteligentų santykiai su institucine Katalikų Bažnyčia. Nors knygoje jaunųjų požiūriui į fašizmą bei nacionalsocializmą skirta nemažai vietos, vargu ar monografijoje pavyks atrasti ką nors konceptualiai nauja. Iš esmės tai nėra istorinė knyga. Tiksliau, ne vien istorinė. Iš esmės ši knyga – tai asmeninis autoriaus iššūkis dabartinei visuomenei, išsakytas „jaunosios“ kartos intelektualų, kuriems monografijos autorius akivaizdžiai simpatizuoja, lūpomis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Intelektualai; Katalikų bažnyčia; Prieškario Lietuva; Socialine katalikybe, Lietuva, tarpukaris; Socialinė katalikybė; Intellectuals; Pre-war Lithuania; Social Catholicism; Social Catholicism, Lithuania, interwar period; The Catholic ChurchThe review discusses the monograph “Socialinė katalikybė tarpukario Lietuvoje” [Social Catholicism in Interwar Lithuania] by Valdas Pruskus (2001). The book focuses on poorly analysed efforts of the Catholic Church, which have been surrounded with various stereotypes, to contribute to the creation of new society in interwar Lithuania. Pruskus undertakes a complicated and provoking task to comprehensively present the ideas of the thinkers of interwar Lithuania, without embellishing them, without hiding controversies and applying the then European intellectual life standards to them. Although the author of the book only partially managed to fulfil this task, individual drawbacks of the book as well as doubtful instances should not outweigh its valuable aspects. The principal collective character of the book is the young generation of Catholic intellectuals. However, they are not the only characters in the book. The monograph pays considerable attention to the Lithuanian Christian Democrat Party. Major focus is definitely shifted on the Catholic Church. The book describes the relationship of the young Catholic intelligentsia with the institutional Catholic Church. Although the book touches upon the young generation’s attitude towards Fascism and National Socialism, it does not present any new conceptualism. The book is not historical in essence. To be precise, it is not only historical. This book is basically a personal challenge by the author to modern society, as expressed by the “young” generation of intellectuals, with whom the author obviously sympathises
Ciceronian ideas in Andrius Volanas’s social and political theory
No full textAndrius Volanas was a sixteenth-century Lithuanian Calvinist leader. He was known not only for his political activities, but also gained notoriety as the author of De libertate politica sive civili (1572), in which he studies the main social and political problems of Lithuania. In this book we can find political and social ideas that were modern not only for Lithuania of that time, but also for Europe, where different protestant theologians were trying to define the new social and political frames of social and political life, and in so doing were trying to find the keys to political modernization. They sought inspiration not only among their contemporaries, but also in ancient Hellenistic philosophy. The Roman philosopher Cicero was one of their most popular sources of inspiration. Andrius Volanas and others had used Cicero’s ideas to look for new vectors in political and social life.Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus UniversityPolitologijos katedra / Department of Political SciencePolitikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakult. / Faculty of Political Science and Diplomac
Stabilization of aggressive technogenic waste in cement systems.
No full textThe stabilisation of aggressive technogenic waste in cement systems is a reliable technology to reduce toxicity and mobility of waste. Although this method is effective, it is rarely used in the Republic of Lithuania's waste management system. The objective of this project is to analytically and experimentally assess the mechanism and effectiveness of aggressive technogenic waste stabilisation in cement systems. The objective was achieved by determining the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the stabilized system. The compressive strength and density of the system is investigated to be increased, while concentration of technogenic waste in cement system is increasing up to 10%. After completing the (Fe, P, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) leaching experiment, we found that wastes are the most stable, while containing 5% concentration in the system. The dispersion of the experiment data obtained was best matched by the parabolic dependence, with corresponding second-degree plural equations. The bondage and results can be adapted by tentatively assessing the potential for the stabilisation of aggressive technogenic waste in cement systems
Lithuania after politics?
No full textThe results of the Seimas elections in 2016 year have revealed one of the greatest transformation in Lithuanian party system since its formation in1992 m. Though there are similarities between the political processes in Lithuania, Poland Hungary, the Czech Republic, however it is important to stress important differences, which enable us to speak about the unique “Lithuanian way”.First of all, the new political group, which dominates in Lithuanian political system after the elections – Lithuanian Peasants and Green union (LPGU), not only rejected the tradition political continuum of “right-left”, but also has not fit to the main political cleavage in postcommunist political system of Lithuania between ex-communist and anti-communist.Second, the elections revealed the huge crisis of democracy based on political parties in Lithuania. The dissatisfaction with parties, as the main actors in modern liberal democracy, constantly increases.Third, we can speak about the decisive victory of anti-politics in Lithuania, the marginalization of the political deliberations and the political competence in the governance of the state. This triumph of anti-politics in Lithuania is not the outcome of the cultural tradition of anti-politics which was strong in Poland and Czechoslovakia (but not in Lithuania) during the 20th century [Havelka, 2016], but rather the price which we have to pay for the invasion of the mentality of consumption in political sphere.The main task of this article – to foster the discussion about the future of liberal democracy in Lithuania, about the prospects of political parties and the threat of the final victory of “consumer” against “citizen”, also about the lessons of political life in Lithuania for other post-communist states. Key words:elections, anti-politics, consumer, citizen, partie
Lithuania after Politics?
No full textThe results of the Seimas elections in 2016 have revealed one of the greatest transformations in Lithuanian party system since its formation in 1992. Though there are similarities between the political processes in Lithuania, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, it is important to stress important differences, which enable us to speak about the unique “Lithuanian way”.
First of all, the new political group, which dominates in Lithuanian political system after the elections – Lithuanian Peasants and Green Union (LPGU), not only rejected the tradition political continuum of “right-left” politics, but also does not fit into the main political cleavage in post-communist political system of Lithuania - between ex-communists and anti-communists.
Secondly, the elections revealed a huge crisis of democracy based on political parties in Lithuania. The dissatisfaction with parties, as the main actors in modern liberal democracy, constantly increases.
Thirdly, we can speak about the decisive victory of anti-politics in Lithuania, the marginalization of political deliberations and political competence in the governance of the state. This triumph of anti-politics in Lithuania is not the outcome of cultural tradition of anti-politics which was strong in Poland and Czechoslovakia during the 20th century (Havelka 2016), but rather a price which we have to pay for the invasion of consumptive mentality in political sphere.
The main hypothesis of this article is that the triumph of anti-politics in Lithuania means the victory of “consumer” over “citizen” and it will cause the growing turmoil in political system of Lithuania
Cross reactivity in serological tests for syphilis and lyme disease.
No full textSUMMARY Cross - reactivity in serological test for Lyme disease and syphilis Author: Tatjana Subočiūtė Supervisor: Andrius Vagoras, MD Work purpose: to determine the incidence of possibly false positive results of serological syphilis and Lyme borreliosis tests, routinely used in VULSK Diagnostics centre, occurring because of cross reactivity of patients, having one of these disease, blood. Work methods: the research was carried out in Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos (VULSK) Infection Markers Research Department of Microbiological Laboratory in Laboratory Diagnostics Centre. Serum samples were collected and tested from February, 2005, till March, 2006. The investigation material was composed of 40 serum samples. 23 serum samples for syphilis test came from VULSK Centre of Dermatovenereology. 8 serum samples for Lyme borreliosis test were received from VULSK Centre of Dermatovenereology. 9 serum samples for Lyme borreliosis test were picked by UAB “Endemik”. All the samples, included into the research, were tested by following reactions: 1) RPR with titer, 2) TPHA, 3) Treponema pallidum ELISA, 4) Treponema pallidum immunofluorescence, 5) Borrelia burgdorferi immunofluorescence. Research results: After testing the serums by five reactions (PRP, TPHA, Treponema pallidum FTA – ABS, Treponema pallidum ELISA and Borrelia burgdorferi immunofluorescence), a serological cross reactivity between Borrelia burgdorferi immunofluorescence and Treponema pallidum FTA - ABS was noticed. According to the results of our research, in 5 serum samples (29%) cross reactivity (positive Treponema pallidum FTA - ABS reactions) was found when testing 17 serum samples (positive for Lyme disease). When testing 23 serum samples (positive for syphilis) cross reactivity (positive Borrelia burgdorferi immunofluorescence reactions) was found in 18 samples (78%). Moreover, false positive and false negative factors influencing the test results may affect serological test results. Conclusions: 1. It was determined, that serum samples, picked out because of Lyme disease, cross react in Treponema pallidum FTA - ABS reaction. 2. It was determined, that serum samples, picked out because of syphilis, cross react in Borrelia burgdorferi immunofluorescence reaction. 3. Serological cross reactivity is more common in case of syphilis than Lyme disease
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