2,213 research outputs found
Multinational Firms in the World Economy/ Anthony J. Venables, Giorgio Barba Navaretti.
No full textIn English.Depending on one's point of view, multinational enterprises are either the heroes or the villains of the globalized economy. Governments compete fiercely for foreign direct investment by such companies, but complain when firms go global and move their activities elsewhere. Multinationals are seen by some as threats to national identities and wealth and are accused of riding roughshod over national laws and of exploiting cheap labor. However, the debate on these companies and foreign direct investment is rarely grounded on sound economic arguments. This book brings clarity to the debate. With the contribution of other leading experts, Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Anthony Venables assess the determinants of multinationals' actions, investigating why their activity has expanded so rapidly, and why some countries have seen more such activity than others. They analyze their effects on countries that are recipients of inward investments, and on those countries that see multinational firms moving jobs abroad. The arguments are made using modern advances in economic analysis, a case study, and by drawing on the extensive empirical literature that assesses the determinants and consequences of activity by multinationals. The treatment is rigorous, yet accessible to all readers with a background in economics, whether students or professionals. Drawing out policy implications, the authors conclude that multinational enterprises are generally a force for the promotion of prosperity in the world economy.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- 1 Facts and Issues -- 2 The Multinational Enterprise: an Overview of Theory and Empirical Findings -- 3 Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment: Product Market Access -- 4 Vertical Foreign Direct Investment: Input Costs and Factor Prices -- 5 Multinationals: the Firm and the Market -- 6 Determinants of FDI: the Evidence -- 7 Host Country Effects: Conceptual Framework and the Evidence -- 8 FDI and the Host Economy: a Case Study of Ireland -- 9 Home Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment -- 10 Policy Implications and Effects -- 11 Conclusions -- Appendix A. Statistical Definitions and Databases on Foreign Direct Investment and the Activities of Multinationals -- Glossary -- References -- Index1 online resource (352 p.)
Fiat Chrysler’s story shows that manufacturing can be viableand successful in mature western economies
No full textIs there a future for industry in Europe and North America? Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Gianmarco Ottaviano use the example of the newly merged transatlantic car-maker Fiat Chrysler to debunk a number of myths about the nature of manufacturing and its viability in the mature economies of the West
Multinational firms in the world economy
No full textAddresses the concerns surrounding multinational enterprises (MNEs) and clarifies the debate about MNEs, providing an assessment of what they are, why and where they arise, and their economic impact on home and host countries. Presents an overview of theory and empirical findings relating to MNEs. Examines theory on the determinants and impact of MNEs, looking at horizontal and vertical FDI, respectively. Provides a theoretical treatment of the choice of the mode of supplying a foreign market, whether internalized through a foreign subsidiary or outsourced through a market transacting with another firm. Reviews the available theoretical evidence on the determinants of FDI. Surveys the empirical evidence on the effects of FDI on host countries and provides a case study of Ireland, a country which has been very successful in attracting FDI and in using FDI to boost its economic development. Reviews the empirical evidence on the effects of FDI in home countries. Considers the implications for policy. Barba Navaretti is Professor of International Economics at the University of Milan and Scientific Director of the Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano. Venables is Professor of International Economics at the London School of Economics and directs a research program at the Centre for Economic Performance. Glossary; index
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Age and firm growth: evidence from three European countries
No full textThis article provides new insights into the dependence of firm growth on age along the entire distribution of growth rates, and conditional on survival. Using data from the European firms in a global economy survey, and adopting a quantile regression approach, we uncover evidence for a sample of French, Italian and Spanish manufacturing firms with more than ten employees in the period from 2001 to 2008. We find that: (1) young firms grow faster than old firms, especially in the highest growth quantiles; (2) young firms face the same probability of declining as their older counterparts; (3) results are robust to the inclusion of other firms’ characteristics such as labor productivity, capital intensity and the financial structure; (4) high growth is associated with younger chief executive officers and other attributes that capture the attitude of the firm toward growth and change. The effect of age on firm growth is rather similar across countries
Moving skills from hands to heads : import of technology and export performance
No full textThis paper examines the link between imported technologies and a country’s export performance, as measured by product quality. The analysis is set in the background of the process of regional integration between the European Union (EU) and its neighbouring developing countries. The underlying question is whether trade integration fosters or dampens learning and technological upgrading. We find that unit values of exports from these countries to the EU rose steadily between 1988 and 1996, relative to the unit values of world exports to Europe. If increases in unit values satisfactorily proxy increases in product quality, then trade integration has fostered product upgrading and technological learning in the sample countries. We find that imported technologies and other sources of knowledge have a strong bearing on this pattern. Technological inflows are captured by the degree of involvement of European companies in export flows from our sample countries (outward processing trade (OPT)) and by the skill content of the machines imported
Offshoring; Reshoring; Near-shoring; Friend-shoring. Che succederà alle catene globali di produzione?
No full textDesativar o direito: um caminho a partir da obra de Giorgio Agamben
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2014O trabalho parte do problema de tentar pensar uma forma de resistência pelo Direito. A hipótese sustentada encontra amparo na noção de "desativar" o Direito, contida na obra de Giorgio Agamben. Neste sentido, o trabalho busca recompor os paradigmas jurídico-político e governamental dentro da obra do autor em questão, principalmente a partir dos livros "O poder soberano e a vida nua", "Estado de Exceção" e "O Reino e a Glória". Ao fim, a proposta de "desativar" o Direito e o conceito de inoperosidade defrontam-se com a máquina governamental agambeniana. Na conclusão, a filosofia do Direito é apresentada como alternativa para se pensar uma nova relação entre Direito e vida.Abstract: The work begins from the problem of trying to think of a way of resistance by Law. The hypothesis is supported by the notion of "deactivate" the law, contained in the work of Giorgio Agamben. In this sense, this dissertation seeks to reconstruct the legal-political and governmental paradigms within the work of the author in question, mostly from the books "The sovereign power and bare life", "State of Exception" and "The Kingdom and the Glory". At the end, the proposal to "deactivate" the Law and the concept of unindustriousness are confronted with Agamben's government machinery. In conclusion, the philosophy of law is presented as an alternative to think about a new relationship between law and life
Place-based policies and the foundations of productivity in the private sector
No full textThis paper examines a broad range of place-based policies and their impact on productivity in the private sector and on other complementary outcomes. The analysis looks at how policies relate to different levels of heterogeneity of places, activities, firms and human capital. We discuss how the effectiveness of policies must factor in such heterogeneity. Given the increasing polarisation of regions both in the OECD and in the EU space, policies must deal with the inclusion of laggards, without stifling the dynamic potential of leaders. It is a complex balancing act. Policies favouring or governing agglomeration patterns in core regions are different from policies targeting technology transfer or FDI towards non-core regions. At the same time policies boosting the productivity of highly productive and fast growing firms are different from those favouring the inclusion of laggards, and also the type of activities, tradable or non-tradable services, manufacturing or R&D matter. Our bottom line is that the broad range of measures discussed can be effective, but only if they build on the inherent forces, the inherent competitiveness, the inherent comparative advantage of places. The impact is especially sizeable and sustainable if there are other factors interplaying with the policy, triggering a positive reaction of local actors. If there are no such factors, supporting policies are not cost effective. Even though policies may smooth patterns of exclusion, they cannot be universal, hence, they may also enact new patterns of exclusion that need to be analysed and addresse
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