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The effects of microwave radiation on rumen degradation characteristics of barley straw cut at two different stages of maturity
No full textA common approach for improving the nutritive value of low quality roughages and crop by-products is by pre-treatment or processing either physical, chemical, or biological treatments. Microwave radiation is one type of physical treatment that could be used to treat low quality roughages. Research was carried out to investigate the effects of microwave radiation on the rumen degradation characteristics of barley straw obtained from two different stages of maturity. The experiment was run factorially based on completely randomized block design. The first factor was stage of maturity, straw cut during the soft elongation time (C1) and during the harvest time (C2). The second factor was levels of microwave radiation times (MWRT) (T0 = control, without MWR; T1 = MWR for 1 minute, T2 = MWR for 2 minutes). The results indicated nutritive values of barley straw obtained from C1 sampling time were significantly better than that obtained from the C2 sampling time in terms of a higher rumen degradation rate and a much greater total potential rumen degradability. In contrast, MWR did not have significant effects on the rate of degradation and total potential degradability of straw in the rumen. Key Words: Microwave Radiation, Barley Straw, Rumen Degradabilit
Purine derivatives excretion and estimation of microbial protein supply on sheep receiving different protein suplements
No full textThe urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD), which consists of allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine, was used to estimate Microbial Nitrogen (MN) supply on sheep given oaten hay as basal diet supplemented either with faba beans (faba) or barley fortified with urea (barley-urea). Three growing wethers, with average body weight of 43 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets, i.e. oaten hay without supplement (C), diet C + barley-urea (CB), and diet C + faba (CF), according to latin square design (3 x 3). Results of the experiment indicated that PD excretion for C was lower (P = 0.07) than that of CB and CF (2.84 vs 6.08, 7.67 mmol/d). Absorbed PD and estimation of MN supply for C was less (P = 0.07) than those of CB and CF, namely 1.26 vs 6.64, 8.80 mmol/d and 0.91 vs 4.8, 6.30 g N/d respectively. However, the efficiency of MN synthesis was similar, whether the calculation was based on digestible organic matter fermented in the rumen, DOMR (g MN/kg DOMR, P = 0.20) or based on N intake (g MN/g N intake, P = 0.40). In conclusion, supplementation of oaten hay with different protein supplements may improve the estimation of microbial N supply in the growing sheep but both supplements gave similar results on the estimation of MN supply. Key Words: Purine Derivative, Microbial Protein, Protein Supplement, Shee
Rumen microbial protein supply as estimated from purine derivative excretion on sheep receiving faba beans (vicia faba) as supplement delivered at different feeding frequencies
Full text linkRapid and extensive degradation of faba beans (Vicia faba) by ruminal microbes can result in substantial and undesirable N loss from the rumen. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that offering faba beans as a supplement more than once a day to sheep receiving a combination of oaten chaff and lucerne chaff as a basal diet will increase microbial protein supply to the intestines. The experiment was conducted in a Latin square design (4 x 4) using four mature merino sheep. The treatments were: T0 = basal diet ad libitum + nil supplements, T1 = T0 + faba beans (FB) fed once daily, T2 = T0 + FB fed twice daily, T3 = T0 + FB fed 8 times daily. The basal diet was given once per day at 09:00 in the morning while FB were given at the rate of approximately 0.5% of live body weight and delivered according to the treatment protocol. Urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD) was used to estimate microbial protein supply. The results indicated that even though treatment statistically had no effects on total urine output, PD excretion in the urine, PD absorbed, estimated microbial N supply, and the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis, provision of supplement to sheep numerically improved microbial N supply by 92% compared to that of control group. However, there were no differences within the supplemented group. Therefore, it is concluded that feeding faba beans more than once a day was unnecessary. Key Words: Purine Derivatives, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Shee
KORELASI ANTARA TINGKAT KONSUMSI DAN BERAT BADAN TERNAK DENGAN EKSKRESI TURUN PURIN DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI INDIKATOR SUPLAI PROTEIN MIKROBA PADA TERNAK KAMBING
No full textABSTRAK AGROKOMPLEKS 2009Dua (2) percobaan telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tingkat konsumsi ransum dengan ekskresi turunan purin dalam urin(percobaan 1) dan kaitan antara ekskresi turunan purin dengan variasi berat badan (percobaan 2).Untuk percobaan 1. Empat(4) ekor ternak kambing jantan lokal umur kurang lebih satu tahun dengan berat badan relative sama (11.8+1,63 kg) secara random di tempatkan pada kandang individu (1,5 mx 0,6 m) dan memperoleh ransum umum (general purpose diet) yang merupakan campuran 60% rumput gajah kerdil (Pennisettrum purpureum Dwarfi) dan 40% daun gamal (gliricidia maculate).Percobaan dilaksanakan menurut rancangan bujur sangkar latin (4x4).Perlakuan adalah tingkat pemberian pakan berbeda,yaitu A,1.5% dari bobot badan (177 g Bahan kering-BK/hari).B2.0% dari bobot badan (236 gBK/hari),C.2,5% dari bobot badan (295 g BK/hari),dan bahan organic (DCBO) menurut (P<0,05) dengan meningkatkanya tingkat konsumsi dari 62,57% (perlakuan A) ke 58,06% (perlakuan D)untuk bahan organic. Tetapi bahan organic tercerna justru meningkat dari 113.8 g (perlakuan A) menjadi 200,5 g (perlakuan D).Sehingga bahan organic tercerna dari yang dikonsumsi (DOMI) nyata meningkat dengan peningkatan konsumsi.Walaupun urin output tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan (P>0.05),konsentrasi dalam urin dari turunan purin (TP),yang merupakan gabungan dari fraksi alantoin,asam urat,xantin dan hipoxantin,meningkat (P<0,05) dengan meningkatnya tingkat konsumsi.Sehingga suplai N mikroba (NM)dan estimasi efisiensi suplai NM (ESNM) juga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsumsi ransum.Analisis regresi memperlihatkan terdapat korelasi positif antara tingkat konsumsi ransum dengan konsentrasi turunan purin dalam urin,estimasi suplai NM,dan ESNM. Dalam percobaan 2,Empat (4) ekor ternak kambing jantan dengan berat badan awal bervariasi (9,5-15,8 kg),secara random ditempatkan pada kandang individu,percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan bujur sangkar latin 4x4.Perlakuan adalah variasi berat badan ternak yang mendapatkan jumlah pakan. Selama periode percobaan,setiap ternak memperoleh pakan seperti pakan pada percobaan 1,sebanyak 390 g BK/hari.DCBK da DCBO tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh perlakuan,dengan rataan DCBK dan DCBO masing-masing 62,45% dan 64,84%. Begitupula DOMI tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan.Walaupun DCBK dan DCBO relative konstan pada percobaan ke 2,NM bervariasi dari 1,97-8,01 g N/hari,dan ESNM berayun dari 8,85-33,03 g NM/kg DOMR.Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara variasi berat badan dengan masing-masing ekskresi TP,NM,dan ESNM.Tetapi,hasil analisis regresi yang sangat nyata,r=0,72 antara ekskresi TP (Y) dengan rasio konsumsi/kg bobbot badan (X) mengikuti persamaan Y=0,145+ 0,1571 X. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan terdapat korelasi nyata antara ekskresi TP dengan rasio antara gram konsumsi per kg berat badan,sehingga estimasi suplai protein mikroba pada ternak kambing kacang berdasarkan ekskresi turunan purin cukup menjanjikan sebagai metode altenatif terdapat teknik yang ada saat ini yakni pendugaan suplai protein mkroba menggunakan ternak fistula
Applicative Model In Utilizing Mulberry Plant As A Worth Feed Resource For Increasing Farmers??? Income
Full text linkIntegration of mulberry plant and livestock can be optimal when implement the applicable management that promote benefits to the farmers, so it can support its sustainability. The aim of this research was to improve farmers??? income as well as animal productivity by exploring some applicative models. There were three applicative models which were tested: the P1 Model= introduction of two goats into the silkworm farming system to enable them to utilize mulberry leaves that are not consumed by the silkworms; the P2 Model= Using the whole mulberry plants as feed ingredients for two feedlot cattle; the P3 Model= Selling mulberry leaves produced for concentrate ingredient. Parameter measured was net income generated from each model. Result of the study indicated that integration models of mulberry plant with livestock have their own uniqueness to be applied. The highest income for farmer was obtained when the whole mulberry plant was used as feedstuff for feedlot cattle (the P2 model). Income of Silkworm farmers also increased when applying the P1 model, which introduced two goats for each box of silkworm rose. But in a certain occasion, it was more beneficial for the farmers to harvest and dry mulberry plant then sells it for concentrate ingredient (the P3 model). In conclusion, the main factor to be considered in choosing one particular model to be implemented is mainly determined by ability of the farmers to procure cattle or goat to be raised in the mulberry plant???livestock integration model without ignoring the forecast of dry and rainy seasons
IMPROVEMENT OF FORAGE MANAGEMENT FOR BALI CATTLE IN SOUTH SULAWESI
No full textOne factor affecting productivity of bali cattle is availability of good quality forages. Based on that reason, Australian Centre for Internatioanal Agriculture Research (ACIAR) in cooperation with Hasanuddin University and BPTP of South Sulawesi funded a program with an aim to improve forage management for bali cattle in South Sulawesi. This activity was carried out under farm condition involving sixty “best-bet” farmers in twelve villages across three districts (Barru, Bone and Gowa). Aspects evaluated in this program were utilization of existing forages and utilization of new forages by the farmers. In addition, sufficiency of forage for the cattle of best bet farmers was also evaluated. The results indicated that before implementation of ACIAR program, the average proportion of forage used by the farmers to feed on the cattle was 43.4% elephant grass, 34.4% native grass, 12.6% peanut straw/maize stover, 9.1% rice straw, and 0.7% tree legumes. After program implementation, there was a change in the proportion of forage for cattle, namely 47.3% elephant grass, 13.4% native grass, 12.4% peanut straw/maize Stover, 12.3% rice straw, 4.1% tree legume leaves. Proportion of some new forages used by the farmers was 2.1% setaria, 2.5% mulato, 5.1% paspalum, and 0.9% panicum. In conclusion, there was a different in the proportion of forages used by the farmers to feed on the cattle before and after project implementation, in which the proportion of elephant grass and tree legume leaves increased and decreased in the use of native grass, while use of agricultural byproduct was relatively stable. In terms of utilization of new grasses introduced, paspalum was the most popular grass for best bet farmer to feed on the cattle
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI LEVEL TEPUNG DAUN KATUK (Sauropus Androgynus) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL, TRIGLISERIDA, LDL DAN HDL DARAH BROILER
Full text linkPercobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan berbagai tingkat daun katuk terhadap kadar kolesterol, trigliserida, LDL, dan HDL dalam darah ayam broiler. Enam puluh empat (64) ekor DOC berjenis kelamin campur, dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Ransum perlakuan adalah: P0 = contol, P1 = kontrol + 1% tepung daun katuk, P2 = Kontrol + 2% daun katuk makan, P3 = kontrol + 3% tepung daun katuk. Perlakuan berjumlah 4, sehingga total perlakuannya menjadi 16. Ransum kontrol terdiri dari jagung kuning, minyak kelapa, limbah udang, tepung ikan, ampas tahu, kacang kedelai. Selama percobaan ayam broiler diberi pakan dan minum secara adlibitung. penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun katuk ke dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi kolesterol, trigliserida, dan LDL dalam darah ayam broiler. Tetapi secara signifikan meningkatkan konsentrasi HDL darah tetapi tidak memiliki efek pada konsentrasi kolesterol darah, trigliserida darah, dan LDL darah ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Tepung Daun Katuk, Kolesterol, HD
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