128 research outputs found
Characterization of Long-period Ship Wave Loading and Vessel Speed for Risk Assessment for Rock Groyne Designs via Extreme Value Analysis
No full textDuring the last two decades, increasing vessel size in major German estuaries has led to the significant change of the local loading regime i.e. increased importance of ship-induced waves and currents. As a consequence, the intensity of ship-induced loads has increased considerably, resulting in damage to rock structures such as revetments, training walls, and groynes. Research into the causes of rock structure deterioration by the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW) has shown that for large ships in relatively narrow waterways, the long-period primary ship wave loading has become the most prescient factor for rock structure damage. Looking into the future, it can be expected that the increase in the vessel dimensions will lead to an increase in the ship-wave loading. For this reason, analysing long-term changing trends of long-period ship waves and vessel speed to understand the wave-structure interaction is of significant importance. In this study, the stochastic characterization of long-period primary wave height, drawdown, and speed of the vessel through the water at Juelssand in the Lower Elbe Estuary was analysed via extreme value analysis and copula modeling, and the bivariate return periods were calculated. The one-parameter bivariate copula was utilized to analyse the data. The dependence pattern between the variables was investigated using five parametric copula families: Gaussian, Gumbel, Clayton, Frank, and student's t.Accepted Author ManuscriptHydraulic Structures and Flood Ris
Washington\u27s Electronic Authentication Act: Eliminating Legal Uncertainties Through Default Rules
No full textThis article responds to C. Bradford Biddle’s Legislating Market Winners: Digital Signature Laws and the Electronic Commerce Marketplace. Using Washington’s Electronic Authentication Act as a model, the author rejects Biddle’s arguments against digital signature legislation. The problem of “legislating market winners” through digital signature legislation can be avoided, according to the author, by creating default background rules that can be avoided by private contract. Nevertheless, the Washington Act could be improved by amendment to strengthen consumer protection against fraudulent digital signatures and related problems of e-commerce
Opisthorchiasis mimicking primary biliary cirrhosis as an indication for liver transplantation
No full textBackground/AimsOpisthorchiasis, a helminthic infection occurring endemically in certain areas of Europe and Asia is caused by parasites of the class trematoda. Failure to treat or a significant delay in the institution of an adequate therapy can lead to considerable complications in the further course of the disease.CaseA 56-year-old patient diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with Child-Pugh stage B was referred to our surgical department from a peripheral hospital for liver transplantation. She had spent 50years of her life in Kazakhstan.ResultsAs the treatment of choice, orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out. The routine postoperative pathological analysis of the explanted liver showed the histological picture of opisthorchiasis. Further work-up in an effort to confirm the histological diagnosis was repeatedly negative.ConclusionsOpisthorchiasis should always be a diagnostic consideration in an unclear case of chronic liver disease especially in patients living in endemic areas
Huddersfield Open Access Publishing
No full textThis paper presents the findings of the Huddersfield Open Access Publishing Project, a JISC funded project to develop a low cost, sustainable Open Access (OA) journal publishing platform using EPrints Institutional Repository software
Dynamics in the deep Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, inferred by thermistor chain time series
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 37 (2007): 1066–1076, doi:10.1175/JPO3032.1.A 50-day time series of high-resolution temperature in the deepest layers of the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean indicates that the deep Canada Basin is a dynamically active environment, not the quiet, stable basin often assumed. Vertical motions at the near-inertial (tidal) frequency have amplitudes of 10– 20 m. These vertical displacements are surprisingly large considering the downward near-inertial internal wave energy flux typically observed in the Canada Basin. In addition to motion in the internal-wave frequency band, the measurements indicate distinctive subinertial temperature fluctuations, possibly due to intrusions of new water masses
Experimental investigation of overflowing over river groyne exposed to primary ship-induced waves
No full textGroynes in the Lower Elbe estuary in Germany are subject to attack from overflowing long-period primary ship-induced waves. Damage can occur on the crest and lee side of the structure due to the high turbulent overflowing flow velocities. An actual design tool for groynes exposed to overflowing primary ship waves is not yet present. Therefore, experimental research based on physical modelling is performed to establish a relationship between the damages and corresponding overflowing primary ship waves. This can be used as a design tool for groynes exposed to these types of wave attack.Civil Engineering | Hydraulic Engineerin
Circulation in the vicinity of Mackenzie Canyon from a year-long mooring array
No full text© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lin, P., Pickart, R. S., Fissel, D., Ross, E., Kasper, J., Bahr, F., Torres, D. J., O'Brien, J., Borg, K., Melling, H., & Wiese, F. K. Circulation in the vicinity of Mackenzie Canyon from a year-long mooring array. Progress in Oceanography, 187, (2020): 102396, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102396.Data from a five-mooring array extending from the inner shelf to the continental slope in the vicinity of Mackenzie Canyon, Beaufort Sea are analyzed to elucidate the components of the boundary current system and their variability. The array, part of the Marine Arctic Ecosystem Study (MARES), was deployed from October 2016 to September 2017. Four distinct currents were identified: an eastward-directed flow adjacent to the coast; a westward-flowing, surface-intensified current centered on the outer-shelf; a bottom-intensified shelfbreak jet flowing to the east; and a recirculation at the base of the continental slope within the canyon. The shelf current transports −0.120.03 Sv in the mean and is primarily wind-driven. The response is modulated by the presence of ice, with little-to-no signal during periods of nearly-immobile ice cover and maximum response when there is partial ice cover. The shelfbreak jet transports 0.030.02 Sv in the mean, compared to 0.080.02 Sv measured upstream in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea over the same time period. The loss of transport is consistent with a previous energetics analysis and the lack of Pacific-origin summer water downstream. The recirculation in the canyon appears to be the result of local dynamics whereby a portion of the westward-flowing southern limb of the Beaufort Gyre is diverted up the canyon across isobaths. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the low-frequency variability of the recirculation is correlated with the wind-stress curl in the Canada Basin, which drives the Beaufort gyre.The authors are indebted to Fisheries and Oceans Canada for building the logistics for MARES into the at-sea missions of the Integrated Beaufort Observatory. We are grateful to the captain and crew of the CCGS Sir Wilfred Laurier for ably deploying and recovering the MARES array. Marshall Swartz assisted with the cruise preparation logistics. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their input which helped improve the paper. This project was funded by the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), on behalf of the National Ocean Partnership Program. The Canadian contribution was supported by the Environmental Studies Research Fund (ESRF Project 2014-02N). MARES publication 003
Emergence and behaviors of acid-tolerant Janthinobacterium sp. that evolves N2O from deforested tropical peatland
No full textUsing a soilless culture system mimicking tropical acidic peat soils, which contained 3 mg of gellan gum and 0.5 mg NO3−-N per gram of medium, a greenhouse gas, N2O emitting capability of microorganisms in acidic peat soil in the area of Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, was investigated. The soil sampling sites included a native swamp forest (NF), a burnt forest covered by ferns and shrubs (BF), three arable lands (A-1, A-2 and A-3) and a reclaimed grassland (GL) next to the arable lands. An acid-tolerant Janthinobacterium sp. strain A1-13 (Oxalobacteriaceae, β-proteobacteria) isolated from A-1 soil was characterized as one of the most prominent N2O-emitting bacteria in this region. Physiological characteristics of the N2O emitter in the soilless culture system, including responses to soil environments, substrate concentration, C-source concentration, pH, and temperature, suggest that the N2O emitting Janthinobacterium sp. strain A1-13 is highly adapted to reclaimed open peatland and primarily responsible for massive N2O emissions from the acidic peat soils. Regulation of N2O emitters in the reclaimed peatland for agricultural use is therefore one of the most important issues in preventing the greenhouse gas emission from acidic peat soil farmlands
Robotic rectal resection preserves anorectal function: Systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground Improving survival rates in rectal cancer patients has generated a growing interest in functional outcomes after total mesorectal excision (TME). The well-established low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score assesses postoperative anorectal impairment after TME. Our meta-analysis is the first to compare bowel function after open, laparoscopic, transanal, and robotic TME. Methods All studies reporting functional outcomes after rectal cancer surgery (LARS score) were included, and were compared with a consecutive series of robotic TME (n = 48). Results Thirty-two publications were identified, including 5 565 patients. Anorectal function recovered significantly better within one year after robotic TME (3.8 [95%CI -9.709-17.309]) versus laparoscopic TME (26.4 [95%CI 19.524-33.286]), p = 0.006), open TME (26.0 [95%CI 24.338-29.702], p = 0.002) and transanal TME (27.9 [95%CI 22.127-33.669], p = 0.003). Conclusions Robotic TME enables better recovery of anorectal function compared to other techniques. Further prospective, high-quality studies are needed to confirm the benefits of robotic surgery
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