1,721,054 research outputs found
Hydro- and thermotimes for conidial germination kinetics of the ochratoxigenic species Aspergillus carbonarius in vitro, on grape skin and grape flesh
No full textThe objective was to compare the ability of spores of Aspergillus carbonarius to germinate
in vitro, in situ on grape skin and grape flesh in relation to temperature (15e40 C) and different
relative humidities (100e85 % RH). Spores were inoculated as a spore suspension
(106 spores ml 1) onto the surface of white organic grapes and directly onto cut grape flesh.
For comparison, spores were spread plate onto a synthetic grape juice medium (SGM) modified
to the equivalent water activity (aw) range of 0.995e0.85. This showed that conidia germinated
more rapidly on grape flesh (6 h) followed by that on the SGM medium (9 h) and
then grape skin (24 h) under optimal condition of 30e35 C and 100 % RH. At marginal conditions,
such as 15 C and 85e90 % RH, germination was very slow. The time to 5 % germination
was significantly shorter on grape flesh than in vitro on grape medium and slowest
on grape skin. This suggests that damaged grapes provide the main method of infection
and contamination of grapes and grape products with ochratoxin A (OTA). The combined
effect of temperature and RH on conidial germination of A. carbonarius on SGM and grape
skin was described by combining Beta and polynomial equations. The equations developed
in this work provided a good fit of the biological processes; they could be integrated in a predictive
model for infection and OTA prediction in ripening grapes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chapter 4 Ecophysiology: Impact of environment on growth, synthesis of compatible solutes and enzyme production
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Molecular ecology of aspergillus section flavi species : approaches to understand the role of aflatoxin genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis
Full text linkThis is the first study to integrate and correlate the effect of ecophysiological factors on the
life cycle of Aspergillus flavus by carrying out complementary work on gene expression of
the aflatoxin gene cluster, with growth, sporulation and phenotypic toxin production. This
information was used to understand the role of ecological factors on key biosynthetic genes
and examine the use of such information for control of aflatoxin production using RNA
interference.
Ecological studies showed the profiles for growth, sporulation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)
production with optimum ranges of water activity (aw) and temperature for AFB1 production
being identified. A. flavus grew faster at 0.99 aw at all temperatures, but optimally at 30-35°C.
The highest amount of asexual conidia was produced at 0.95 aw followed by 0.90 aw and then
0.99 aw at all temperatures examined. Interestingly, the partitioning of AFB1 into biomass,
medium and spores showed that at 0.99 aw, about 50% of the mycotoxin was present in the
biomass and the medium, with very little present in the spores. However, as water stress was
imposed there was a switch to a significantly higher channelling of AFB1 (about 45%) into
the spores, especially at 0.95 and 0.93 aw levels.
A microarray analysis was used to examine the effect of aw x temperature interactions on the
relative expression of the aflatoxin gene cluster for the first time using A. flavus NRRL 3357.
This showed that under mild stress conditions (20°C/0.99 aw) several of the cluster genes, in
particular aflS and aflJ, were highly induced concomitant with high levels of phenotypic
AFB1 production. Highest amounts of AFB1 were produced in all conditions where aflS
expression was elevated. When the ratio between the normalised expression data of the
aflS/aflR genes was generated, high ratios were obtained at 25°C and 30°C at 0.99 and 0.95
aw and low ratios at 25°C and 30°C at 0.90 aw. This is in agreement with the AFB1 production
profile. Cont/d
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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