1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Studies on determinants, adherence, breastfeeding and viral load
No full textThesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) University of Bergen, Norway and Makerere University, UgandaAbstract
Background: Uganda’s decrease in mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) has
stagnated, making it almost impossible to achieve the target of zero new HIV infections.
Objectives: The aim of this study has been to determine, among a group of HIV infected
women enrolled on universal antiretroviral treatment in Lira, Northern Uganda, the
prevalence and factors associated with: a) unintended pregnancy, b) detectable viral load, c)
infant nevirapine prophylaxis, and d) exclusive breastfeeding.
Methods: A survey of 518 HIV infected pregnant women in 2018 was to determine the
prevalence and predictors for unintended pregnancy. Of the 518, 420 had their viral load
monitored, from which we determined the risk factors for detectable viral load. These
women were followed up on delivery and at 6 weeks, when 472 mothers and their babies
were included in a prospective cohort analysis to measure barriers and enablers of adherence
to infant nevirapine prophylaxis. The mother-infant pairs were followed up until 14 weeks,
at which point the incidence and risk factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding was
longitudinally measured. Data was analysed using logistic regression models and
generalised estimation equations for the Poisson family.
Results: Of the 518 women enrolled in the study, 213 (41.1%) had unintended pregnancy
(95% Confidence interval (CI): 36.8% - 45.5). Risk factors for unintended pregnancy were
being single (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.67 – 8.34), higher parity (parity
of ≥5; AOR= 2.79, 95% CI: 1.85 – 4.22) and long-term ART (≥10 years; AOR=3.69, 95%
CI: 1.57 – 8.67). Detectable viral load (>50 copies/ml) was prevalent among 120 women
[120/420; 30.7%: 95% CI: 26.3 - 35.4%)] and viral non-suppression (>1000 copies/ml) was
at 8.1% (34/420; 95% CI: 5.7 – 11.1%). Factors associated with detectable viral load that
did not belong to the Lango ethnicity were: (other ethnicity: AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.05 –
3.90), and taking a second-line regimen (protease inhibitor-based: AOR = 4.41, 95% CI:
1.13 – 17.22). A number of the infants did not keep to their nevirapine prophylaxis at 6
weeks of age (70/472; 14.8%, 95% CI: 11.7-18.4%). Barriers to infant adherence were
younger maternal age (≤20 years; adjusted risk ratio (ARR) =1.55; 95% CI: 1.1 – 2.2), did
not take a viral load test during pregnancy (ARR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1 – 1.7), and mothers not
receiving nevirapine syrup for the baby after childbirth (ARR = 6.2; 95% CI: 5.1 – 7.6).
Enablers were maternal characteristics including: having attained ≥14 years of schooling (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5 – 0.9), taking a nevirapine-based regimen (ARR = 0.6; 95% CI:
0.4 – 0.9), being on long-term ART (≥ 60 months ARR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.6 – 0.9), being
accompanied by a husband to hospital during labour and childbirth (ARR = 0.5; 95% CI:
0.4 – 0.7) and labour pains starting at night (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6 – 0.8). The rate of
exclusive breastfeeding decreased with increasing age of the infants, and by 14 weeks of age
almost half were not exclusively breastfeeding (200/466; 42.9%, 95% CI: 38.3-47.5%). Risk
factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding included the mother: belonging to the highest
socioeconomic strata (ARR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.1), delivering under the supervision of a
non-health worker (ARR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.7), and the mother not adhering to her ART
during pregnancy (ARR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.7).
Conclusion: HIV infected women at risk of infecting their infants include the younger age
group, unmarried, non-native to Lira, non-adherent to ART, have recently just began taking
ART, had deliveries unsupervised by a health worker, and those that did not receive
nevirapine syrup for their infant after childbirth. We recommend that attention should be
focused on these critical groups during the implementation of PMTCT programs in Lira,
Northern Uganda and in contexts similar to it.The Survival Pluss Project at Makerere University (No. UGA-13 -0030) funded the survey. The Survival Pluss
project is financed by the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research
for Development (NORHED) by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), Norway
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Universal antiretroviral therapy for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Northern Uganda : Studies on determinants, adherence, breastfeeding and viral load
Get PDFBackground:
Uganda’s decrease in mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) has
stagnated, making it almost impossible to achieve the target of zero new HIV infections.
Objectives:
The aim of this study has been to determine, among a group of HIV infected women enrolled on universal antiretroviral treatment in Lira, Northern Uganda, the prevalence and factors associated with: a) unintended pregnancy, b) detectable viral load, c) infant nevirapine prophylaxis, and d) exclusive breastfeeding.
Methods:
A survey of 518 HIV-infected pregnant women in 2018 was to determine the prevalence and predictors for unintended pregnancy. Of the 518, 420 had their viral load monitored, from which we determined the risk factors for detectable viral load. These women were followed up on delivery and at 6 weeks when 472 mothers and their babies
were included in a prospective cohort analysis to measure barriers and enablers of adherence to infant nevirapine prophylaxis. The mother-infant pairs were followed up until 14 weeks, at which point the incidence and risk factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding were
longitudinally measured. Data were analysed using logistic regression models and generalised estimation equations for the Poisson family.
Results:
Of the 518 women enrolled in the study, 213 (41.1%) had unintended pregnancy (95% Confidence interval (CI): 36.8% - 45.5). Risk factors for unintended pregnancy were being single (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.67 – 8.34), higher parity (parity of ≥5; AOR= 2.79, 95% CI: 1.85 – 4.22) and long-term ART (≥10 years; AOR=3.69, 95%
CI: 1.57 – 8.67). Detectable viral load (>50 copies/ml) was prevalent among 120 women [120/420; 30.7%: 95% CI: 26.3 - 35.4%)] and viral non-suppression (>1000 copies/ml) was at 8.1% (34/420; 95% CI: 5.7 – 11.1%). Factors associated with detectable viral load that
did not belong to the Lango ethnicity were: (other ethnicity: AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.05 – 3.90), and taking a second-line regimen (protease inhibitor-based: AOR = 4.41, 95% CI: 1.13 – 17.22). A number of the infants did not keep to their nevirapine prophylaxis at 6 weeks of age (70/472; 14.8%, 95% CI: 11.7-18.4%). Barriers to infant adherence were
younger maternal age (≤20 years; adjusted risk ratio (ARR) =1.55; 95% CI: 1.1 – 2.2), did not take a viral load test during pregnancy (ARR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1 – 1.7), and mothers not receiving nevirapine syrup for the baby after childbirth (ARR = 6.2; 95% CI: 5.1 – 7.6).
Enablers were maternal characteristics including: having attained ≥14 years of schooling Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Northern Uganda (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5 – 0.9), taking a nevirapine-based regimen (ARR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4 – 0.9), being on long-term ART (≥ 60 months ARR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.6 – 0.9), being accompanied by a husband to hospital during labour and childbirth (ARR = 0.5; 95% CI:
0.4 – 0.7) and labour pains starting at night (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6 – 0.8). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding decreased with increasing age of the infants, and by 14 weeks of age almost half were not exclusively breastfeeding (200/466; 42.9%, 95% CI: 38.3-47.5%). Risk
factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding included the mother: belonging to the highest socioeconomic strata (ARR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.1), delivering under the supervision of a non-health worker (ARR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.7), and the mother not adhering to her ART during pregnancy (ARR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.7).
Conclusion: HIV infected women at risk of infecting their infants include the younger age
group, unmarried, non-native to Lira, non-adherent to ART, have recently just began taking ART, had deliveries unsupervised by a health worker, and those that did not receive nevirapine syrup for their infant after childbirth. We recommend that attention should be focused on these critical groups during the implementation of PMTCT programs in Lira, Northern Uganda and in contexts similar to it.Doktorgradsavhandlin
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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