1,354,810 research outputs found
(PhO)3P·Cl2-promoted bischler-napieralski-type cyclization: A mild access to β-carbolines
No full textA novel mild access to the beta-carboline skeleton is described. The reaction is a Bischler-Napieralski-type cyclocondensation, promoted by (PhO)(3)P center dot Cl-2, which is performed in dichloromethane at -30 degrees C. The products are easily obtained in good yields and do not require further chromatographic purification.A novel mild access to the β-carboline skeleton is described. The reaction is a Bischler-Napieralski-type cyclocondensation, promoted by (PhO)3P·Cl2, which is performed in dichloromethane at -30 °C. The products are easily obtained in good yields and do not require further chromatographic purification
Intact soil core experiments reveal that temperature and depth influence microbial community function and impact the fate of nitrogenous fertilizer amendments
No full textThe application of nitrogenous fertilizer to agricultural soil has potentially large impacts on environmental quality, including large scale emission of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide and runoff of nitrates. Through their metabolic activities, including nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), soil microbial communities play an active role in determining the fate of nitrogenous species, thus thorough knowledge of microbial community structure and function is important to understanding ecosystem scale N-fluxes. While much work has been done to understand the role of microbes in soil N-cycling, rarely are such communities studied in ecological context of depth and temperature combined and we hypothesize that diurnal temperature variation, large in surface soils and more narrow at depth, will result in a differential response to N-input. To investigate both the fate of exogenous N-inputs and microbial community and functional response, intact soil cores (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm depth) taken from an agricultural field site in Havana, IL were imbibed with 15N labelled NH4Cl and KNO3 to simulate fertilizer input. The unsaturated cores were then incubated under a summer diurnal temperature regime reflective of natural temperature profiles observed at specified depths (20-35°C shallow, 22-24°C deep). At nine time points over 21 days, replicate cores were deconstructively sampled for pH, NO3-, NH4+, and 15N isotopic analyses. Stable isotope pool dilution was used to calculate gross transformation rates and microbial community structure and function were assessed by T-RFLP and qPCR, respectively. Comparison of 16S rRNA based T-RFLP total community profiles revealed a distinct temporal succession across soil depths, with shifts in community structure corresponding to changes in soil NO3- and NH4+ concentration. While no significant difference in 16 rRNA based communities was evident between depths, a large temporal shift in nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) based denitrifier community structure of was evident after 7 days, resulting in denitrifier communities that were significantly distinct. Additionally, qPCR analysis of relevant functional gene transcripts reveals differential trends in gene expression between depths. These results suggest that while diurnal temperature variation and depth may not significantly alter overall community structure, the functional response of community members to N-input is a function of temperature and these functional differences between soil communities has a direct impact on not only rates of transformation, but also for the timing and magnitude of N2O fluxes.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Stephanie Napieralski, accepted the attached license on 2015-07-21 at 14:45.The student, Stephanie Napieralski, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-07-21 at 14:53.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-07-21 at 15:04.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8589 on 2015-09-29 at 15:06:48Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T21:08:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-21Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 89590
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A Story of an Unconditional Love and Hate: the Nicknames of Football Teams
No full textOur article is a lexical analysis that concerns the world of football and speaks about unofficial names for football teams, which exist alongside their official names and often reflect the strong feelings of their supporters and their opponents. For example, beside the official name, Futbol Club Barcelona the media use metonymic names evoking the colors of the club like Blaugranes or Azulgranas, but they also use a more emotional name – Barça. However, this same club is sometimes given a pejorative name – culés, coming from cul ‘behind’ in Catalan, or polacos ‘Poles’ (the pejorative name by which the Spanish designate the Catalans). Our analysis of the forms, content and roles of the unofficial names of some (French, Spanish and Polish) football teams allows us to propose a clear distinction between two types of nicknames: surnoms and sobriquets, two very distinct categories of chrematonyms.Notre article aborde la question des appellations non officielles des équipes de football, qui tout en existant à côté des appellations officielles de celles-ci, témoignent souvent des sentiments forts de leurs supporters et de leurs adversaires. Par exemple, à côté de la dénomination officielle, le Futbol Club Barcelona est souvent désigné par les médias au moyen des noms métonymiques évoquant les couleurs du club, Blaugranes ou Azulgranas, mais aussi par un nom plus affectif, Barça. Or, ce même club se voit parfois attribuer une dénomination dépréciative, culés, venant de cul ‘derrière’ en catalan, ou encore polacos ‘Polonais’ (nom péjoratif par lequel les Espagnols désignent les Catalans). Notre analyse des formes, du contenu et des rôles des appellations officieuses d’un certain nombre d’équipes de football (françaises, espagnoles et polonaises) permet de proposer une nette distinction entre les surnoms et les sobriquets, deux catégories de chrématonymes bien distinctes
The capture of acetonitrile during a Bischler-Napieralski cyclisation reaction of an oxamide derivative
No full textAttempts to extend Bischler-Napieralski reactions of oxamide derivatives to seven-membered ring analogues of 1,1'-bi-isoquinolinyl were problematic and although a 1,1'-bi-benzazepine was obtained in a low yield an imidazolidinone was isolated in high yield as a result of the capture of acetonitrile by a reactive intermediate. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd</p
A Method for Bischler–Napieralski-Type Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines
No full textA new method for
the Bischler–Napieralski-type synthesis
of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines was developed by a Tf2O-promoted
tandem annulation from phenylethanols and nitriles. Its success was
mainly due to the fact that a phenonium ion was formed in the process
and practically functioned as a stable and reactive primary phenylethyl
carbocation
Synthesis of carbazoles by a diverted Bischler-Napieralski cascade reaction
No full textAbstract: An unforeseen twist in a seemingly trivial Bischler-Napieralski reaction led to the selective formation of an unexpected carbazole product. The reaction proved to be general, providing access to a range of diversely substituted carbazoles from readily available substrates. Judicious variation of substituents revealed a complex cascade mechanism comprising no less than 10 elementary steps, that could be diverted in multiple ways toward various other carbazole derivatives
Les emprunts néologiques dans le lexique de la cosmétique et leurs équivalents en français et en italien
No full textCes dernières décennies, les nouvelles politiques de gestion économique ainsi que les évolutions techniques dans le secteur de l’industrie cosmétique ont eu des retombées significatives sur les pratiques de soins esthétiques et sur les interactions linguistiques de notre société. Le lexique de la cosmétique se caractérise notamment par la présence d’anglicismes, tels que strobing, contouring, smokey eyes, BB Cream, kabuki, ne représentant qu’une partie des emprunts néologiques analysés dans cette étude. Nous nous proposons d’étudier quelques cas de prolifération néologique se traduisant dans l’importation d’emprunts récents dans ce domaine, en français et en italien, à partir d’exemples extraits de la presse française et italienne. Dans cette étude comparative, seront essentiellement examinés les mots empruntés à l’anglais ou qui ont éventuellement suscité des équivalents dans les deux langues en question. Des cas concrets permettront de montrer les nuances dans les emplois par rapport au contexte pragmatico-communicatif ainsi que les procédés de lexicalisation mis en oeuvre dans la création de ces nouveaux mots en français et en italien, qu’il soit question de créations spontanées implantées dans la langue d’arrivée ou éventuellement d’équivalents officiels destinés à remplacer des emprunts.In recent decades, new economic management policies and technical developments in the cosmetics industry have had a significant impact on embellishment practices and on the linguistic interactions of our society. The lexicon of cosmetics is characterized in particular by the presence of anglicisms, such as strobing, contouring, smokey eyes, BB Cream, kabuki. They represent just a selected part of the neologic borrowings analysed in the present study. This article aims to study some cases of neo-proliferation terms resulting in the creation of recent borrowings in this field. Terms will be extracted from a corpus of French and Italian press. Terms borrowed from English or which have possibly triggered equivalents in French and Italian will be also presented. Moreover, attention will be dedicated to terms related to jobs, in relation to the pragmatic-communicative context as well as the processes of lexicalization implemented in the creation of these new words in French and Italian, whether spontaneous creations received the target language or possibly official equivalents to replace borrowing.Le présent ouvrage est financé par le CNRS (projet PICS – franco-polonais EmpNeo) et par l’Institut d’Études Romanes de l’Université de Łód
The asymmetric Bischler-Napieralski reaction: preparation of 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines
No full textThe Bischler-Napieralski reaction, which is used to prepare dihydroisoquinolines from phenylethylamides, is demonstrated by the reaction of (S)-1-alkyl-1,2-diphenylethylamides with POCl3-P2O5. The reaction generated 3-alkyl-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines with stereochemical selectivities of 80-91% de depending on the alkyl and the acetamide substituents. These are the rst examples of the asymmetric Bischler-Napieralski reaction where cyclisation discriminates between two identical diastereotopic aryl groups. Reduction of the resultant dihydroisoquinoline products with LiAlH4 generated the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines in a stereoselective manner, carrying three stereogenic centres at C(1), C(3) and C(4).</p
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Diazapyrenes via Bischler–Napieralski Reaction
No full textVia Bischler–Napieralski cyclization
of amide precursors
as the key step, a series of diazapyrene derivatives were designed
and successfully synthesized. Their crystal structures, optoelectronic
properties, and acid-responsive feature were investigated, which demonstrated
that the doping of nitrogen atoms to the pyrene framework remarkably
modulates their physical and chemical properties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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