1,720,967 research outputs found
ANALISIS FARMAKOKINETIKA IKATAN FENITON-PROTEIN PLASMA
Get PDFTelah dilakukan analisis farmakokinetika ikatan fenitoin-protein plasma pada subyek normal dan penderita epilepsi. Setiap subyek normal mendapat fenitoin per oral dosis tunggal 300 mg, sedangkan penderita epilepsi disesuaikan dengan keadaan klinis
Stabilitas Fisika-Kimia Krim Serbuk Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) dan Krim Ekstrak Kental Daun Kelor (Morimha Oleifera)
Get PDFAbstrak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sediaan yang stabil dari krim serbuk daun kelor dan krim ekstrak kental daun kelor serta membandingkan besar kemampuan aktivitas antioksida. Krim diformulasi dengan variasi bentuk bahan aktif yaitu formula 1 (krim basis), formula 2 (krim serbuk daun kelor) dan formula 3 (krim ekstrak kental daun kelor) yang disimpan pada suhu 26°C± 2°C / RH 63% ± 5% selama 28 hari. Pengamatan parameter stabilitas fisika dan kimia dilakukan pada 0, 7, 14, 21 dan 28. Data hasil pengamatan stabilitas fisika meliputi parameter organoleptis, tipe emulsi, bobot jenis, ukuran partikel, ukuran droplet, daya sebar, viskositas dan sifat alir. Pengamatan stabilitas kimia meliputi pH dan data pengamatan kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan one-way ANOVA (α = 0,01). Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan adanya ketidakstabilan pada parameter organoleptis (bau), ukuran droplet, ukuran partikel, viskositas dan pH. Kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 45,94% untuk formula 1, 68,05% untuk formula 2 dan 93,19% untuk formula 3. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa krim serbuk daun kelor dan krim ekstrak kental daun kelor tidak stabil secara parameter stabilitas fisika maupun kimia (pH). Kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan krim ekstrak kental daun kelor lebih besar dibandingkan krim serbuk daun kelor.
Kata kunci : Stabilitas fisika, stabilitas kimia, krim, Kelor (Morings oleifera)
Abstract - The aim of this study was to look at stable formulation of Moringa leaf powder cream and Moringa leaf extract cream and also to analyze the effect of time storage on physical and chemical stability of Moringa leaf powder cream and Moringa leaf extract cream. The cream has benefit as an antioxidant. Cream were formulated with variations the form of active ingredients namely formula 1 (cream base), formula 2 (cream of Moringa leaf powder) and formula 3 (cream of Moringa leaf extract) which is stored at 26 ° C ± 2 ° C / RH 63% ± 5 % for 28 days. Observations of physical and chemical stability parameters were carried out at 0, 7, 14, 21 and Data observed on physical stability included organoleptic parameters (color, smell, texture), emulsion type, density, particle size, droplet size, spreadability, viscosity and flow properties. Observation of chemical stability includes pH and the ability of antioxidant activity. Analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.01). The results showed instability on organoleptic parameters (smell), density, droplet size, particle size, spreadability, viscosity and pH. The ability of antioxidant activity was 45.94% for formula 1, 68.05% for formula 2 and 93.19% for formula So, it can be concluded that the Moringa leaf powder cream and Moringa leaf extract cream were not stable in physical or chemical parameters stability. The ability antioxidant activity of Moringa leaf extract cream was higher than Moringa leaf powder cream.
Keywords : Physical stability, chemical stability, cream, Moringa oleifer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Stabilitas Fisika‐Kimia Sediaan Krim Dan Gel Esktrak Kental Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera)
Get PDFAbstrak- Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa stabilitas fisika (organoleptis, tipe emulsi, bobot jenis, ukuran partikel, ukuran droplet daya sebar, viskositas, sifat alir) dan kimia (pH), dan aktivitas antioksidan dari sediaan krim dan gel dengan ekstrak kental daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai bahan aktif. Formula sediaan yang dibuat yaitu krim basis, krim ekstrak kental daun kelor 3%, gel basis, dan gel ekstrak kental daun kelor 3%. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 28 hari. Hasil pengamatan bobot jenis daya sebar, viskositas, serta pH dianalisis dengan metode analisis statistik Anova one-way dengan nilai signifikansi 0, lebih kecil dari α = 0,01, sehingga hipotesis ditolak. Hasil pengamatan organoleptis, tipe emulsi, ukuran partikel, ukuran droplet dianalisis secara deskriptif. Aktivitas antioksidan dari krim basis, krim ekstrak kental daun kelor, gel basis, dan gel ekstrak kental daun kelor ditunjukkan dengan nilai % peredaman radikal bebas berturut-turut sebesar 45,94%, 93,19%, 40,83% dan 90,36%. Kesimpulan hasil analisa dari keempat formula tersebut menunjukkan ketidakstabilan baik secara fisika dan kimia, serta aktivitas antioksidan pada sediaan gel ekstrak kental daun kelor lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan krim ekstrak kental daun kelor.Kata kunci: krim, gel, Moringa oleifera, antioksidan, stabilitas
Abstract- The aim of the research is to observe the physical stability (organoleptic, emulsion type, density, particles size, droplets size, density, spreadibility, viscosity, flow properties), chemical stability (pH), and antioxidant activity of cream and gel containing Moringa oleifera leaves extract as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). There are 4 formula in this research, including cream base, Moringa oleifera leaves extract 3% cream, gel base, and Moringa oleifera leaves extract 3% gel. Observation was carried out in 28 days. The results of density, spreadibility, viscosity, and pH was analyzed using Anova one-way, showed that the significance values are 0, smaller than α = 0,01, so the hypothesis was denied. The results of organoleptic, particles size, droplets size, was observed descriptively. Antioxidant activity of cream base, Moringa oleifera leaves extract cream, gel base, and Moringa oleifera leaves extract gel showed by %RSA (Radical Scavenging activity), which values are 45,94%, 93,19%, 40,83% dan 90,36%. The final conclusion are all of the formulas was not stable physically and chemically, also the antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves extract gel is higher than Moringa oleifera leaves extract cream.Keywords: cream, gel, Moringa oleifera, antioxidant, stabilit
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Stabilitas Fisika‐Kimia Serbuk Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) dan Vitamin E dalam Bentuk Sediaan Krim
Get PDFAbstrak- Tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera) adalah salah satu tanaman yang memiliki banyak fungsi dan khasiat bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu yang paling menonjol dari kandungan tanaman kelor adalah kandungan antioksidan, terutama pada bagian daun. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki kandungan bahan aktif seperti flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan polifenol. Senyawa tersebut mampu menangkal radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan penuaan dini dan kerusakan kulit. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) menjadi sediaan krim antioksidan dengan menggunakan variasi bahan aktif yaitu krim basis (F1), krim serbuk daun kelor (F2), dan krim vitamin E (F3). Evaluasi dilakukan untuk melihat stabilitas fisika dan kimia. Parameter uji stabilitas fisika meliputi uji organoleptis, uji daya sebar, uji tipe emulsi, uji bobot jenis, uji viskositas, uji sifat alir, dan uji distribusi ukuran partikel dan droplet. Parameter uji stabilitas kimia meliputi uji pH dan uji aktivitas antioksidan. Pengamatan pada sediaan krim dilakukan selama 28 hari. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH yang kemudian serapannya diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna baik pada krim basis, krim serbuk daun kelor, maupun krim vitamin E hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji statistik ANOVA satu arah yaitu nilai P<0,01. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa krim F2 memilik % peredaman radikal bebas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan krim F1 dan F3.
Kata Kunci: kelor, vitamin e, krim, stabilitas fisika-kimia, aktivitas antioksidan
Abstract- Moringa oleifera has many functions and properties for human use. One of the most prominent of the Moringa compounds is the antioxidants from the leaves. Moringa oleifera leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols. These compounds inhibit free radicals that can cause premature aging and skin damage. The purpose of this study was to formulate Moringa oleifera leaves into an antioxidant cream dosage form using a variety of active ingredients which are cream base (F1), cream of Moringa leaf powder (F2), and cream of vitamin E (F3). The evaluation test was done to determine the physical and chemical stability. The parameters of physical stability test include organoleptic test, dispersion test, emulsion type test, density test, viscosity test, flow properties test, and test of particle size distribution and droplet. Chemical stability test parameters include pH test and antioxidant activity test. The observations of the cream dosage forms were followed for 28 days. The determination of antioxidant activity was conducted using the DPPH method which was then measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were significant differences in the base cream, Moringa oleifera cream, and vitamin E cream as indicated by the results of the one-way ANOVA statistical test, the P value <0.01. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that F2 cream had a higher % of free radical reduction compared to F1 and F3 creams.
Keywords: moringa, vitamin e, cream, physical-chemical stability, antioxidant activit
- …
