77 research outputs found
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No full textNot AvailableThe impact of motorization of traditional craft on two fisheries resources, viz. tunas and whitebait
anchovies, was studied. A conspicuous increase in the annual tuna catch was seen from 1984 due to the
increased effort expended by the motorized craft by using more units of drift nets, hooks and lines than
non-motorized craft. The tuna landing increased from 361 tonnes during the pre-motorization period to
1976 tonnes during the motorization period. On the contrary, the anchovy landing came down from 580
tonnes during the pre-motorization period to 386 tonnes on motorization. A decline was noticed in the effort
expended for whitebait anchovies but the catch rate did not show a steep decline which indicated that the
reduction of effort was not due to the decrease in the catch rate. The shifting over of motorized units to drift
net and hooks and lines operation seems to be the major reason for the decline in the effort of boat siene
and nelholi vala which are the main gears for whitebait anchovies.
Indian Journal of Fisheries 41 (2): 92-9, June 1994
The motorization of traditional craft was
initiated in central Kerala by 1980. It spread
to northern and southern areas by 1983 (Balan
et al. 1989). At Vizhinjam, the most important
fish landing centre in Trivandrum, the
motorization was initiated during the middle
of 1982. A substantial increase in the effort
from the motorized craft was recorded from
A 984 which resulted in an immediate increase
in the total fish catch at Vizhinjam. An account
of the traditional fishery in the area has
been given by Luther et al. (1982) and Nair et
al. (1988) and the initiation of motorization of
traditional craft in the area has been reported
by Gopakumar et al. (1986). The increase in
Present address: 'Scientist (SG), technical Officer,
Technical Assistant
the catch and catch rate of tunas and mackerel
as a result of motorization has also been
pointed out by Gopakumar and Sarma (1989)
and Gopakumar et al. (1991). The chief gears
operated by the motorized craft at Vizhinjam
are hooks and lines and drift net.
Motorization has extended the fishing areas of
traditional craft to relatively more distant
grounds and has increased the yield of certain
resources like tunas which are caught chiefly
by drift net and hooks and lines. This has
resulted in a reduction in the operation of
non-motorized units and a simultaneous
decrease in the yield of certain other resources
like whitebait anchovies which are caught by
boat seine, shore seine and netholi vala. To
analyse this aspect, the trends offish landing
with particular reference to two resources, viz.
92Not Availabl
Motorization of traditional craft and its effect on the exploitation of tuna and whitebait anchovy resources
Get PDFThe impact of motorization of traditional craft on two fisheries resources, viz. tunas and whitebait
anchovies, was studied. A conspicuous increase in the annual tuna catch was seen from 1984 due to the
increased effort expended by the motorized craft by using more units of drift nets, hooks and lines than
non-motorized craft. The tuna landing increased from 361 tonnes during the pre-motorization period to
1976 tonnes during the motorization period. On the contrary, the anchovy landing came down from 580
tonnes during the pre-motorization period to 386 tonnes on motorization. A decline was noticed in the effort
expended for whitebait anchovies but the catch rate did not show a steep decline which indicated that the
reduction of effort was not due to the decrease in the catch rate. The shifting over of motorized units to drift
net and hooks and lines operation seems to be the major reason for the decline in the effort of boat siene
and nelholi vala which are the main gears for whitebait anchovies.
Indian Journal of Fisheries 41 (2): 92-9, June 1994
The motorization of traditional craft was
initiated in central Kerala by 1980. It spread
to northern and southern areas by 1983 (Balan
et al. 1989). At Vizhinjam, the most important
fish landing centre in Trivandrum, the
motorization was initiated during the middle
of 1982. A substantial increase in the effort
from the motorized craft was recorded from
A 984 which resulted in an immediate increase
in the total fish catch at Vizhinjam. An account
of the traditional fishery in the area has
been given by Luther et al. (1982) and Nair et
al. (1988) and the initiation of motorization of
traditional craft in the area has been reported
by Gopakumar et al. (1986). The increase in
Present address: 'Scientist (SG), technical Officer,
Technical Assistant
the catch and catch rate of tunas and mackerel
as a result of motorization has also been
pointed out by Gopakumar and Sarma (1989)
and Gopakumar et al. (1991). The chief gears
operated by the motorized craft at Vizhinjam
are hooks and lines and drift net.
Motorization has extended the fishing areas of
traditional craft to relatively more distant
grounds and has increased the yield of certain
resources like tunas which are caught chiefly
by drift net and hooks and lines. This has
resulted in a reduction in the operation of
non-motorized units and a simultaneous
decrease in the yield of certain other resources
like whitebait anchovies which are caught by
boat seine, shore seine and netholi vala. To
analyse this aspect, the trends offish landing
with particular reference to two resources, viz.
9
Jehovah's Witness and consent for blood transfusion in a child: The Indian scenario
No full textIn India, the clinical guidelines and laws governing consent for blood transfusion in a minor are meager and vague. In an elective situation, whether the parents can make a decision for the child on his/her behalf or whether the doctor has the right to make the decision in the best interests of the child is not clear. We present the case scenario of a child belonging to Jehovah's Witness denomination diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma. His parents were in a dilemma whether to opt for blood transfusion or not. In the absence of laws and guidelines in this context, and considering the complications that he developed during the treatment period, it was very challenging for us to manage the situation both medically and medico-legally. This situation highlights the need for framing consensus guidelines/laws regarding elective blood transfusion in a minor to make health-care delivery, smooth, transparent and flawless
Landmark Pharma Patent Jurisprudence in India
Get PDFIn a short span of less than 10years after the new WTO/TRIPS based patent regime came into effect, there havebeen many landmark judgments from Indian Courts on interpretation of variousprovisions of the exhaustive (Indian) Patents Act, 1970, as amended. Eventhough, India has granted very large number of Patents during this period, thechallenges were limited to a few blockbuster molecules. Further litigations arein progress. The landmark cases in recent times are dealt with herein.Additional areas which may require judicial intervention is also briefly dealtwith
India’s options for improving affordable access to lifesaving patented medicines.
Get PDFOn the lines of the cautionary observation made by the Hon’ble SupremeCourt in Para 156 of the Lordships’ order on Gleevec[i],the ongoing Patent litigations in India seem to be equalling or crossing thecost estimates of US Patent litigations. Doha Declaration has not madeaffordable access to lifesaving medicines as expected. Exemptions and Legalprovisions enshrined in the Patents Act, 1970(such as Compulsory Licence andRegulatory exemptions) are also being denied and delayed through protracted litigations burdening theIndian Pharma SME sector. It is, therefore, desirable to look at and evaluateoptions available to India for improving and facilitating affordable access tolifesaving medicines within the Indian Patent legal system. Such options arediscussed herein.[i] Novartis AG v. Union OfIndia & Others, Civil Appeal Nos. 2706-2716 of 2013 and Civil AppealNo. 2728 of 2013 and Civil Appeal Nos. 2717-2727 of 2013 Supreme Court of Indiaorder dated April 01, 2012, http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212(05 September 2013)
Resource Analysis, Trade Potential and Conservation Management of Marine Ornamentals of India
Get PDFIndia is endowed with vasr resource potential of marine ornamentals distributed in the oceanic reef areas off Lakshadweep Islands, Andaman-Nicobar Islands, coastal areas of Gulf of Kutch ro Mumbai, areas of central west coast between Mumbai and Goa, certain locations off south west coast, Visakhapatnam, Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. More than
50 reef fish families consisting of nearly 175 genera and about 400 species of ornamental fishes are distributed in the Indian seas. In this paper, resource analysis of marine
ornamenrals of Indian sub-continent, their trade potential and approaches to conservation management are discussed
Impact of TRIPS on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
No full text432-441After India became a founder member of WTO and acceded to the TRIPS Agreement, the product patent regime was reintroduced in India after a gap of 35 years. The significance of the new IP regime on pharmaceutical industry in India, the amendment to the Patents Act, 1970, in fulfillment of the obligations to comply with TRIPS, related developments in other fields of IP as well as enforcement of new IP/Patent regime on the pharmaceutical industry are comprehensively discussed herein. The regulatory interfaces of patents in the Indian and international context are also briefly dealt with.
The historical evolution of IP with specific reference to patent regime in India is dealt with. Significance of IP such as patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secret and data exclusivity are elaborated. The key elements of the TRIPS Agreement which led to the three consecutive amendments to the Patents Act, 1970 are highlighted. The significance of the patent amendments in 1999, 2002 and 2005 and their highlights as well as the need for such amendments in fulfillment of TRIPS obligations have been described herein. Finally, the impact of post-TRIPS scenario in Indian pharmaceutical industry with specific reference to the international operations and the regulatory interfaces has been analysed. The related fields like biodiversity and plant varieties are also touched with
Patent Policies and Provisions Relating to Pharmaceuticals in India
Get PDFIndian generic pharma industry has established a ‘pride of place’ as the largest generic manufacturer and supplier of essential and life-saving medicines to UNICEF, WHO, MSF and others. India has the largest number of manufacturing facilities approved by the USFDA and EDRM, etc. While the Patents Act and related IP laws are substantially TRIPS compliant and is reasonably well enforced, there is a need for substantial refinement in other pharma related laws such as Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Biodiversity Act. Need for more uniform and stringent enforcement of quality including upgradation of regulatory agencies is also called for. The Indian Patent Law which provides equitable balance between rights and obligation has also been hailed by all the third world countries and acknowledged, though reluctantly, by developed countries. Such a balanced patent law is essential to provide affordable access to essential medicines to the masses. An analysis of the policies and provisions of (Indian) Patents Act, 1970 and other pharma related laws are provided in this article
India’s Options for Improving Affordable Access to Lifesaving Patented Medicines
No full text209-217On the lines of the cautionary observation
made by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Para 156 of the Lordships’ order on
Gleevec1, the ongoing patent litigations in India seem to be
equalling or crossing the cost estimates of US patent litigations. Doha
Declaration has not made affordable access to lifesaving medicines on expected
lines. Exemptions and legal provisions enshrined in the Patents Act, 1970 (such
as compulsory licence and regulatory exemptions) are also being denied and
delayed through protracted litigations burdening the Indian pharma SME sector.
Provisions of Section 107A(a) of the Patents Act,1970 are also being ignored by
the Indian judiciary. It is, therefore, desirable to look at and evaluate
options available to India for improving and facilitating affordable access to
lifesaving medicines within the Indian patent legal system. Such options are
discussed in this paper
Landmark Pharma Patent Jurisprudence in India
No full text79-88In a short span of less than 10 years after
the new WTO/TRIPS based product patent regime came into effect, there have been
many landmark judgments from Indian Courts on interpretation of various
provisions of the exhaustive (Indian) Patents Act, 1970, as amended. Even
though very large number of product patents have been granted during this
period, patent challenges and infringement suits are limited to a few
blockbuster molecules. Currently, litigations are in progress, including those
in appeals as well as on matters remanded back to patent office. The landmark
cases, in recent times, are dealt with, herein. Additional areas which may
require judicial intervention arising out of the ambiguities in the Act and
Rules are also briefly dealt with
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